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{{short description|Stage and age of Holocene}} |
{{short description|Stage and age of Holocene}} |
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{{distinguish|Greenlandic (disambiguation) |
{{distinguish|Greenlandic (disambiguation)|Greenlandic}} |
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{{Quaternary (period)}} |
{{Quaternary (period)}} |
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{{Human history}} |
{{Human history}} |
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In the [[geologic time scale]], the '''Greenlandian''' is the earliest [[age (geology)|age]] or lowest [[stage (stratigraphy)|stage]] of the [[Holocene]] [[Epoch (geology)|epoch]] or [[series (stratigraphy)|series]], part of the [[Quaternary]].<ref name=ics |
In the [[geologic time scale]], the '''Greenlandian''' is the earliest [[age (geology)|age]] or lowest [[stage (stratigraphy)|stage]] of the [[Holocene]] [[Epoch (geology)|epoch]] or [[series (stratigraphy)|series]], part of the [[Quaternary]].<ref name="ics" /><ref name="Cohen-etal-2018" /> It is one of three subdivisions of the Holocene. The lower boundary of the Greenlandian Age is the [[Global_Boundary_Stratotype_Section_and_Point|GSSP]] sample from the [[North Greenland Ice Core Project]] in central Greenland (75.1000°N 42.3200°W).<ref name="GSSP-Table" /> The Greenlandian GSSP has been correlated with the end of [[Younger Dryas]] (from near-glacial to interglacial) and a “shift in deuterium excess values”.<ref name="GSSP-Table" /> |
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The age began 11,700 years prior to the year 2000 (300 [[Holocene calendar|HE]]).<ref |
The age began 11,700 years prior to the year 2000 (300 [[Holocene calendar|HE]]).<ref name="BBCNews" /> |
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The age was officially ratified by the [[International Commission on Stratigraphy]] in July 2018 along with the [[Meghalayan]] and the [[Northgrippian]].<ref name=ics/> |
The age was officially ratified by the [[International Commission on Stratigraphy]] in July 2018 along with the [[Meghalayan]] and the [[Northgrippian]].<ref name="ics" /> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{reflist |
{{reflist|refs= |
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<ref name="ics">{{cite web |last1=International Commission on Stratigraphy |title=ICS chart containing the Quaternary and Cambrian GSSPs and new stages (v 2018/07) is now released! |url=http://www.stratigraphy.org/index.php/ics-news-and-meetings/120-ics-chart-containing-the-quaternary-gssps-and-new-stages-v-2018-07-is-now-released |accessdate=15 July 2018}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Cohen-etal-2018">{{cite web |last1=Cohen |first1=Kim Mikkel, David A. T. Harper, Philip Leonard Gibbard, and Junxuan Fan |title=The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart |url=http://www.stratigraphy.org/index.php/ics-chart-timescale |website=International Commission on Stratigraphy |accessdate=15 July 2018}}</ref> |
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<ref name="GSSP-Table">{{cite web |last1=International Commission on Stratigraphy. |title=GSSP Table - All Periods |url=http://www.stratigraphy.org/GSSP/index.html |website=GSSPs |accessdate=15 July 2018}}</ref> |
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<ref name="BBCNews">{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-44868527 |title=Welcome to the Meghalayan Age - a new phase in history |last=Amos |first=Jonathan |date=18 July 2018 |work=BBC News |access-date=19 July 2018}}</ref> |
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{{Geological history|p|m}} |
{{Geological history|p|m}} |
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Revision as of 07:42, 10 October 2019
| Subdivisions of the Quaternary Period | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| System/ Period |
Series/ Epoch |
Stage/ Age |
Age | |
| Quaternary | Holocene | Meghalayan | 0 | 4,200 |
| Northgrippian | 4,200 | 8,200 | ||
| Greenlandian | 8,200 | 11,700 | ||
| Pleistocene | 'Upper' | 11,700 | 129ka | |
| Chibanian | 129ka | 774ka | ||
| Calabrian | 774ka | 1.80Ma | ||
| Gelasian | 1.80Ma | 2.58Ma | ||
| Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | 2.58Ma | 3.60Ma |
Subdivision of the Quaternary Period according to the ICS, as of January 2020.[1]
For the Holocene, dates are relative to the year 2000 (e.g. Greenlandian began 11,700 years before 2000). For the beginning of the Northgrippian a date of 8,236 years before 2000 has been set.[2] The Meghalayan has been set to begin 4,250 years before 2000.[1] 'Tarantian' is an informal, unofficial name proposed for a stage/age to replace the equally informal, unofficial 'Upper Pleistocene' subseries/subepoch. In Europe and North America, the Holocene is subdivided into Preboreal, Boreal, Atlantic, Subboreal, and Subatlantic stages of the Blytt–Sernander time scale. There are many regional subdivisions for the Upper or Late Pleistocene; usually these represent locally recognized cold (glacial) and warm (interglacial) periods. The last glacial period ends with the cold Younger Dryas substage. | ||||
| Part of a series on |
| Human history |
|---|
| ↑ Prehistory (Stone Age) (Pleistocene epoch) |
| ↓ Future |
In the geologic time scale, the Greenlandian is the earliest age or lowest stage of the Holocene epoch or series, part of the Quaternary.[3][4] It is one of three subdivisions of the Holocene. The lower boundary of the Greenlandian Age is the GSSP sample from the North Greenland Ice Core Project in central Greenland (75.1000°N 42.3200°W).[5] The Greenlandian GSSP has been correlated with the end of Younger Dryas (from near-glacial to interglacial) and a “shift in deuterium excess values”.[5]
The age began 11,700 years prior to the year 2000 (300 HE).[6]
The age was officially ratified by the International Commission on Stratigraphy in July 2018 along with the Meghalayan and the Northgrippian.[3]
References
- ^ a b c Cohen, K. M.; Finney, S. C.; Gibbard, P. L.; Fan, J.-X. (January 2020). "International Chronostratigraphic Chart" (PDF). International Commission on Stratigraphy. Retrieved 23 February 2020.
- ^ a b Mike Walker; et al. (December 2018). "Formal ratification of the subdivision of the Holocene Series/Epoch (Quaternary System/Period)" (PDF). Episodes. 41 (4). Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy (SQS): 213–223. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2018/018016. Retrieved 11 November 2019. This proposal on behalf of the SQS has been approved by the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) and formally ratified by the Executive Committee of the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS).
- ^ a b International Commission on Stratigraphy. "ICS chart containing the Quaternary and Cambrian GSSPs and new stages (v 2018/07) is now released!". Retrieved 15 July 2018.
- ^ Cohen, Kim Mikkel, David A. T. Harper, Philip Leonard Gibbard, and Junxuan Fan. "The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart". International Commission on Stratigraphy. Retrieved 15 July 2018.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b International Commission on Stratigraphy. "GSSP Table - All Periods". GSSPs. Retrieved 15 July 2018.
- ^ Amos, Jonathan (18 July 2018). "Welcome to the Meghalayan Age - a new phase in history". BBC News. Retrieved 19 July 2018.
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