19th Canadian Parliament

19th Parliament of Canada
Majority parliament
16 May 1940 – 16 April 1945
Parliament leaders
Prime Minister	William Lyon Mackenzie King 23 Oct 1935 – 15 Nov 1948
Cabinet	16th Canadian Ministry
Leader of the Opposition	Richard Hanson 14 May 1940 – 1 January 1943
	Gordon Graydon 1 January 1943 – 10 June 1945
Party caucuses
Government	Liberal Party
Opposition	National Government (Canada) & Conservative Party
Crossbench	Co-operative Commonwealth Federation
	Social Credit Party
	Liberal-Progressive
House of Commons
Seating arrangements of the House of Commons
Speaker of the Commons	James Allison Glen 16 May 1940 – 5 September 1945
Government House Leader	Ian Alistair Mackenzie 14 October 1944 – 30 April 1948
Members	245 MP seats List of members
Senate
Speaker of the Senate	Georges Parent 9 May 1940 – 14 December 1942
	Thomas Vien 23 January 1943 – 23 August 1945
Government Senate Leader	Raoul Dandurand 23 October 1935 – 11 March 1942
	James Horace King 26 May 1942 – 24 August 1945
Opposition Senate Leader	Arthur Meighen 22 October 1935 – 16 January 1942
	Charles Colquhoun Ballantyne 16 January 1942 – 11 September 1945
Sovereign
Monarch	George VI 11 December 1936 – 6 February 1952
Governor General	Alexander Cambridge 21 June 1940 – 12 April 1946
Sessions
1st session 16 May 1940 – 5 November 1940
2nd session 7 November 1940 – 21 January 1942
3rd session 22 January 1942 – 27 January 1943
4th session 28 January 1943 – 26 January 1944
5th session 27 January 1944 – 31 January 1945
6th session 19 March 1945 – 16 April 1945
← 18th → 20th

William Lyon Mackenzie King was Prime Minister during the 18th Canadian Parliament.

The 19th Canadian Parliament was in session from 16 May 1940, until 16 April 1945. The membership was set by the 1940 federal election on 26 March 1940, and it changed only somewhat due to resignations and by-elections until it was dissolved prior to the 1945 election.

It was controlled by a Liberal Party majority under Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King and the 16th Canadian Ministry. The Official Opposition was the so-called "National Government" party (the name which the Conservatives ran under in the 1940 election), led in the House by Richard Hanson and Gordon Graydon consecutively as the three successive national leaders of the party, Robert Manion, Arthur Meighen and John Bracken did not have seats in the House of Commons. With the selection of Bracken as national leader in December 1942, the party became known as the Progressive Conservatives.

The Speaker was James Allison Glen. See also List of Canadian electoral districts 1933–1947 for a list of the ridings in this parliament.

There were six sessions of the 19th Parliament:

Session	Start	End
1st	16 May 1940	5 November 1940
2nd	7 November 1940	21 January 1942
3rd	22 January 1942	27 January 1943
4th	28 January 1943	26 January 1944
5th	27 January 1944	31 January 1945
6th	19 March 1945	16 April 1945

List of members

Following is a full list of members of the nineteenth Parliament listed first by province, then by electoral district. Party leaders are italicized. Parliamentary assistants is indicated by "‡". Cabinet ministers are in boldface. The Prime Minister is both. The Speaker is indicated by "(†)".

Electoral districts denoted by an asterisk (*) indicates that district was represented by two members.

Alberta

Electoral district		Name	Party	First elected/previously elected
Acadia		Victor Quelch	Social Credit	1935
Athabaska		Joseph Miville Dechene	Liberal	1940
Battle River		Robert Fair	Social Credit	1935
Bow River		Charles Edward Johnston	Social Credit	1935
Calgary East		George Henry Ross	Liberal	1940
Calgary West		Manley Justin Edwards	Liberal	1940
Camrose		James Alexander Marshall	Social Credit	1935
Edmonton East		Frederick Clayton Casselman (died 20 March 1941)	Liberal	1940
		Cora Taylor Casselman (by-election of 1941-06-02)	Liberal	1941
Edmonton West		James Angus MacKinnon	Liberal	1935
Jasper—Edson		Walter Frederick Kuhl	New Democracy	1935
Lethbridge		John Horne Blackmore	Social Credit	1935
Macleod		Ernest George Hansell	Social Credit	1935
Medicine Hat		Frederick William Gershaw	Liberal	1925, 1940
Peace River		John Sissons	Liberal	1940
Red Deer		Frederick Davis Shaw	Social Credit	1940
Vegreville		Anthony Hlynka	Social Credit	1940
Wetaskiwin		Norman Jaques	Social Credit	1935

British Columbia

Electoral district		Name	Party	First elected/previously elected
Cariboo		James Gray Turgeon	Liberal	1935
Comox—Alberni		Alan Webster Neill	Independent	1921
Fraser Valley		George Cruickshank	Liberal	1940
Kamloops		Thomas O'Neill	Liberal	1935
Kootenay East		George MacKinnon	National Government	1940
			Progressive Conservative
Kootenay West		William Esling	National Government	1925
			Progressive Conservative
Nanaimo		Alan Chambers	Liberal	1940
New Westminster		Thomas Reid	Liberal	1930
Skeena		Olof Hanson	Liberal	1930
Vancouver—Burrard		Gerry McGeer	Liberal	1935
Vancouver Centre		Ian Alistair Mackenzie	Liberal	1930
Vancouver East		Angus MacInnis	C.C.F.	1930
Vancouver North		James Sinclair	Liberal	1940
Vancouver South		Howard Charles Green	National Government	1935
			Progressive Conservative
Victoria		Robert Mayhew	Liberal	1937
Yale		Grote Stirling	National Government	1924
			Progressive Conservative

Manitoba

Electoral district		Name	Party	First elected/previously elected
Brandon		James Ewen Matthews	Liberal	1938
Churchill		Thomas Crerar	Liberal	1917, 1930, 1935
Dauphin		William John Ward	Liberal	1921, 1935
Lisgar		Howard Winkler	Liberal	1935
Macdonald		William Gilbert Weir	Liberal-Progressive	1930
Marquette		James Allison Glen (†)	Liberal-Progressive	1926, 1935
Neepawa		Frederick Donald MacKenzie	Liberal	1935
Portage la Prairie		Harry Leader	Liberal	1921, 1935
Provencher		René Jutras	Liberal	1940
Selkirk		Joseph Thorarinn Thorson (until 6 October 1942 emoulment appointment)	Liberal	1926, 1935
		William Bryce (by-election of 9 August 1943)	C.C.F.	1943
Souris		J. Arthur Ross	National Government	1940
			Progressive Conservative
Springfield		John Mouat Turner	Liberal	1935
St. Boniface		John Power Howden	Liberal	1925
Winnipeg North Centre		J. S. Woodsworth (died 21 March 1942)	C.C.F.	1921
		Stanley Knowles (by-election of 1942-11-30)	C.C.F.	1942
Winnipeg North		Charles Stephen Booth	Liberal	1940
Winnipeg South		Leslie Mutch	Liberal	1935
Winnipeg South Centre		Ralph Maybank	Liberal	1935

New Brunswick

Electoral district		Name	Party	First elected/previously elected
Charlotte		Burton Hill	Liberal	1935
Gloucester		Clarence Joseph Veniot	Liberal	1936
Kent		Aurel Léger	Liberal	1940
Northumberland		Joseph Leonard O'Brien	National Government	1940
			Progressive Conservative
Restigouche—Madawaska		Joseph Enoil Michaud	Liberal	1933
Royal		Alfred Johnson Brooks	National Government	1935
			Progressive Conservative
St. John—Albert		King Hazen	National Government	1940
			Progressive Conservative
Victoria—Carleton		Heber Harold Hatfield	National Government	1940
			Progressive Conservative
Westmorland		Henry Read Emmerson	Liberal	1935
York—Sunbury		Richard Hanson	National Government	1921, 1940
			Progressive Conservative

Nova Scotia

Electoral district		Name	Party	First elected/previously elected
Antigonish—Guysborough		J. Ralph Kirk	Liberal	1936
Cape Breton North and Victoria		Matthew Maclean	Liberal	1937
Cape Breton South		Clarence Gillis	C.C.F.	1940
Colchester—Hants		Gordon Purdy	Liberal	1935
Cumberland		Percy Chapman Black	National Government	1940
			Progressive Conservative
Digby—Annapolis—Kings		J. L. Ilsley	Liberal	1926
Halifax*		Gordon B. Isnor	Liberal	1935
		William Chisholm Macdonald ‡	Liberal	1940
Inverness—Richmond		Moses Elijah McGarry	Liberal	1940
Pictou		Henry Byron McCulloch	Liberal	1935
Queens—Lunenburg		John James Kinley	Liberal	1935
Shelburne—Yarmouth—Clare		Vincent Pottier	Liberal	1935

Ontario

Electoral district		Name	Party	First elected/previously elected
Algoma East		Thomas Farquhar	Liberal	1935
Algoma West		George E. Nixon	Liberal	1940
Brantford City		William Ross Macdonald	Liberal	1935
Brant		George Ernest Wood	Liberal	1935
Broadview		Thomas Langton Church	National Government	1933
			Progressive Conservative
Bruce		William Rae Tomlinson	Liberal	1935
Carleton		Alonzo Hyndman (died 9 April 1940)	National Government	1935
		George Russell Boucher (by-election of 1940-08-19)	Conservative	1940
			Progressive Conservative
Cochrane		Joseph-Arthur Bradette	Liberal	1926
Danforth		Joseph Henry Harris	Conservative	1921
			Progressive Conservative
Davenport		John Ritchie MacNicol	National Government	1930
			Progressive Conservative
Dufferin—Simcoe		William Earl Rowe	National Government	1925
			Progressive Conservative
Durham		Frank Rickard	Liberal	1935
Eglinton		Frederick Hoblitzell	Liberal	1940
Elgin		Wilson Mills	Liberal	1934
Essex East		Paul Martin Sr. ‡	Liberal	1935
Essex South		Murray Clark	Liberal	1935
Essex West		Norman Alexander McLarty	Liberal	1935
Fort William		Daniel McIvor	Liberal	1935
Frontenac—Addington		Wilbert Ross Aylesworth	National Government	1940
			Progressive Conservative
Glengarry		William Burton Macdiarmid	Liberal	1940
Greenwood		Denton Massey	National Government	1935
			Progressive Conservative
Grenville—Dundas		Arza Clair Casselman	National Government	1921, 1925
			Progressive Conservative
Grey—Bruce		Walter Harris	Liberal	1940
Grey North		William Pattison Telford, Jr. (resigned 9 December 1944 to allow Andrew McNaughton to campaign for seat, albeit unsuccessfully)	Liberal	1926, 1935
		Wilfrid Garfield Case (by-election of 1945-02-05)	Progressive Conservative	1945
Haldimand		Mark Senn	Conservative	1921
			Progressive Conservative
Halton		Hughes Cleaver	Liberal	1935
Hamilton East		Thomas Hambly Ross	Liberal	1940
Hamilton West		Colin Gibson	Liberal	1940
Hastings—Peterborough		George Stanley White	National Government	1940
			Progressive Conservative
Hastings South		George Henry Stokes	National Government	1940
			Progressive Conservative
High Park		Alexander James Anderson	National Government	1925
			Progressive Conservative
Huron North		Elston Cardiff	National Government	1940
			Progressive Conservative
Huron—Perth		William Henry Golding	Liberal	1932
Kenora—Rainy River		Hugh McKinnon	Liberal	1934
Kent		Earl Desmond	National Government	1940
			Progressive Conservative
Kingston City		Norman McLeod Rogers (died 10 June 1940)	Liberal	1935
		Angus Lewis Macdonald (by-election of 1940-08-12)	Liberal	1940
Lambton—Kent		Hugh MacKenzie	Liberal-Progressive	1935
Lambton West		Ross Gray	Liberal	1929
Lanark		Bert Soper	Liberal	1940
Leeds		George Fulford	Liberal	1940
Lincoln		Norman Lockhart	Conservative	1935
			Progressive Conservative
London		Allan Johnston	Liberal	1940
Middlesex East		Duncan Graham Ross	Liberal	1935
Middlesex West		Robert McCubbin	Liberal	1940
Muskoka—Ontario		Stephen Furniss	Liberal	1935
Nipissing		Raoul Hurtubise	Liberal	1930
Norfolk		William Horace Taylor	Liberal	1926
Northumberland		William Alexander Fraser	Liberal	1930
Ontario		William Henry Moore	Liberal	1930
Ottawa East		Joseph Albert Pinard	Liberal	1936
Ottawa West		George McIlraith	Liberal	1940
Oxford		Almon Rennie	Liberal	1934
Parkdale		Herbert Alexander Bruce	National Government	1940
			Progressive Conservative
Parry Sound		Arthur Slaght	Liberal	1935
Peel		Gordon Graydon	National Government	1935
			Progressive Conservative
Perth		Fred Sanderson	Liberal	1925
Peterborough West		Gordon Fraser	National Government	1940
			Progressive Conservative
Port Arthur		Clarence Decatur Howe	Liberal	1935
Prescott		Élie-Oscar Bertrand	Liberal	1929
Prince Edward—Lennox		George Tustin	National Government	1935
			Progressive Conservative
Renfrew North		Ralph Warren	Liberal	1937
Renfrew South		James Joseph McCann	Liberal	1935
Rosedale		Harry Jackman	National Government	1940
			Progressive Conservative
Russell		Alfred Goulet	Liberal	1925
Simcoe East		George McLean	Liberal	1935
Simcoe North		Duncan Fletcher McCuaig	Liberal	1935
Spadina		Samuel Factor	Liberal	1930
Stormont		Lionel Chevrier ‡	Liberal	1935
St. Paul's		Douglas Ross	National Government	1935
			Progressive Conservative
Timiskaming		Walter Little	Liberal	1935
Trinity		Arthur Roebuck	Liberal	1940
Victoria		Bruce McNevin	Liberal	1935
Waterloo North		William Daum Euler (until Senate appointment)	Liberal	1917
		Louis Orville Breithaupt (by-election of 1940-08-19)	Liberal	1940
Waterloo South		Karl Kenneth Homuth	National Government	1938
			Progressive Conservative
Welland		Arthur Damude (died 15 September 1941)	Liberal	1935
		Humphrey Mitchell (by-election of 1942-02-09)	Liberal	1931, 1942
Wellington North		John Knox Blair	Liberal	1930
Wellington South		Robert Gladstone	Liberal	1935
Wentworth		Ellis Corman	Liberal	1940
York East		Robert Henry McGregor	National Government	1926
			Progressive Conservative
York North		William Pate Mulock	Liberal	1934
York South		Alan Cockeram (resigned to allow Arthur Meighen to campaign for seat, albeit unsuccessfully)	National Government	1940
		Joseph W. Noseworthy (by-election of 1942-02-09)	C.C.F.	1942
York West		Agar Rodney Adamson	Conservative	1940
			Progressive Conservative

Prince Edward Island

Electoral district		Name	Party	First elected/previously elected
King's		Thomas Vincent Grant	Liberal	1935
Prince		James Ralston	Liberal	1926, 1940
Queen's*		James Lester Douglas	Liberal	1940
		Cyrus Macmillan ‡	Liberal	1940

Quebec

Electoral district		Name	Party	First elected/previously elected
Argenteuil		James Wright McGibbon	Liberal	1940
Beauce		Édouard Lacroix	Liberal	1925
Beauharnois—Laprairie		Maxime Raymond	Liberal	1925
			Bloc populaire canadien
Bellechasse		Louis-Philippe Picard	Liberal	1940
Berthier—Maskinongé		J.-Émile Ferron	Liberal	1935
Bonaventure		Alphée Poirier	Liberal	1940
Brome—Missisquoi		Maurice Hallé	Liberal	1940
Cartier		Peter Bercovitch (died 26 December 1942)	Liberal	1938
		Fred Rose (by-election of 1943-08-09)	Labor Progressive	1943
Chambly—Rouville		Vincent Dupuis	Liberal	1929
Champlain		Hervé-Edgar Brunelle	Liberal	1935
Chapleau		Hector Authier	Liberal	1940
Charlevoix—Saguenay		Pierre-François Casgrain (until 15 December 1941 emoulment appointment)	Liberal	1917
		Frédéric Dorion (by-election of 1942-11-30)	Independent	1942
Châteauguay—Huntingdon		Donald Elmer Black	Liberal	1935
Chicoutimi		Alfred Dubuc	Liberal	1917
Compton		Joseph-Adéodat Blanchette	Liberal	1935
Dorchester		Léonard Tremblay	Liberal	1935
Drummond—Arthabaska		Armand Cloutier	Liberal	1940
Gaspé		Joseph Sasseville Roy	Independent Conservative	1940
			Independent
Hochelaga		Raymond Eudes	Liberal	1940
Hull		Alphonse Fournier	Liberal	1930
Jacques Cartier		Elphège Marier	Liberal	1939
Joliette—l'Assomption—Montcalm		Charles-Édouard Ferland	Liberal	1928
Kamouraska		Louis Philippe Lizotte	Liberal	1940
Labelle		Maurice Lalonde	Liberal	1935
Lake St-John—Roberval		Armand Sylvestre	Liberal	1925, 1935
Laurier		Ernest Bertrand	Liberal	1935
Laval—Two Mountains		Liguori Lacombe	Independent Liberal	1925, 1935
Lévis		Maurice Bourget	Liberal	1940
Lotbinière		Hugues Lapointe	Liberal	1940
Maisonneuve—Rosemont		Sarto Fournier	Liberal	1935
Matapédia—Matane		Arthur-Joseph Lapointe	Liberal	1935
Mégantic—Frontenac		Joseph Lafontaine	Liberal	1940
Mercier		Joseph Jean ‡	Liberal	1932
Montmagny—L'Islet		Léo Kemner Laflamme	Liberal	1925, 1940
Mount Royal		Fred Whitman	Liberal	1940
Nicolet—Yamaska		Lucien Dubois	Liberal	1930
Outremont		Thomas Vien (resigned 5 October 1942)	Liberal	1917, 1935
		Léo Richer Laflèche (by-election of 1942-11-30)	Liberal	1942
Pontiac		Wallace McDonald	Liberal	1935
Portneuf		Pierre Gauthier	Liberal	1936
			Bloc populaire canadien
Québec—Montmorency		Wilfrid Lacroix	Liberal	1935
			Independent Liberal
Quebec East		Ernest Lapointe (died 26 November 1941)	Liberal	1904
		Louis St. Laurent (by-election of 1942-02-09)	Liberal	1942
Quebec South		Charles Gavan Power	Liberal	1917
Quebec West and South		Charles Parent	Liberal	1935
			Independent Liberal
Richelieu—Verchères		Arthur Cardin	Liberal	1911
Richmond—Wolfe		James Patrick Mullins	Liberal	1935
Rimouski		Émmanuel d'Anjou	Liberal	1917, 1940
St. Ann		Thomas Healy	Liberal	1940
St. Antoine—Westmount		Douglas Abbott ‡	Liberal	1940
St. Denis		Azellus Denis	Liberal	1935
St. Henry		Joseph-Arsène Bonnier	Liberal	1938
St. Hyacinthe—Bagot		Adélard Fontaine	Liberal	1930
St. James		Eugène Durocher	Liberal	1939
St. Johns—Iberville—Napierville		Martial Rhéaume	Liberal	1930
St. Lawrence—St. George		Brooke Claxton ‡	Liberal	1940
St. Mary		Hermas Deslauriers (died 28 May 1941)	Liberal	1917
		Gaspard Fauteux (by-election of 1942-02-09)	Liberal	1942
St-Maurice—Laflèche		Joseph-Alphida Crête	Liberal	1935
Shefford		Joseph-Hermas Leclerc	Liberal	1935
Sherbrooke		Maurice Gingues	Liberal	1940
Stanstead		Robert Davison (until election voided 24 May 1943)	Liberal	1935
		Joseph-Armand Choquette (by-election of 1943-08-09)	Bloc populaire canadien	1943
Terrebonne		Lionel Bertrand	Independent Liberal	1940
Trois-Rivières		Robert Ryan	Liberal	1940
Témiscouata		Jean-François Pouliot	Liberal	1924
			Independent Liberal
Vaudreuil—Soulanges		Joseph Thauvette	Liberal	1930
Verdun		Paul-Émile Côté	Liberal	1940
Wright		Rodolphe Leduc	Liberal	1936

Saskatchewan

Electoral district		Name	Party	First elected/previously elected
Assiniboia		Jesse Pickard Tripp	Liberal	1940
Humboldt		Harry Raymond Fleming (died 5 November 1942)	Liberal	1935
		Joseph William Burton (by-election of 1943-08-09)	C.C.F.	1943
Kindersley		Charles Henderson	Liberal	1940
Lake Centre		John Diefenbaker	National Government	1940
			Progressive Conservative
Mackenzie		Alexander Malcolm Nicholson	C.C.F.	1940
Maple Creek		Charles Evans	Liberal	1935
Melfort		Percy Wright	C.C.F.	1940
Melville		James Garfield Gardiner	Liberal	1936
Moose Jaw		J. Gordon Ross	Liberal	1925, 1935
North Battleford		Dorise Nielsen	Unity	1940
Prince Albert		William Lyon Mackenzie King	Liberal	1908, 1919, 1921, 1926
Qu'Appelle		Ernest Perley	National Government	1921
			Progressive Conservative
Regina City		Donald McNiven	Liberal	1935
Rosetown—Biggar		M. J. Coldwell	C.C.F.	1935
Rosthern		Walter Tucker	Liberal	1935
Saskatoon City		Walter George Brown (died 1 April 1940)	United Reform	1939
		Alfred Henry Bence (by-election of 1940-08-19)	Conservative	1940
			Progressive Conservative
Swift Current		Roy Theodore Graham	Liberal	1940
The Battlefords		John Gregory	Liberal	1940
Weyburn		Tommy Douglas	C.C.F.	1935
Wood Mountain		Thomas Donnelly	Liberal	1925
Yorkton		George Hugh Castleden	C.C.F.	1940

Yukon

Electoral district		Name	Party	First elected/previously elected
Yukon		George Black	National Government	1921, 1940
			Progressive Conservative

By-elections

Main article: By-elections to the 19th Canadian Parliament

By-election	Date	Incumbent	Party		Winner	Party		Cause	Retained
Grey North	February 5, 1945	William Pattison Telford, Jr.		Liberal	W. Garfield Case		Progressive Conservative	Resignation to provide a seat for Andrew McNaughton	No
Cartier	August 9, 1943	Peter Bercovitch		Liberal	Fred Rose		Labor Progressive	Death	No
Stanstead	August 9, 1943	Robert Davison		Liberal	Joseph-Armand Choquette		Bloc populaire Canadien	Election declared void	No
Humboldt	August 9, 1943	Harry Raymond Fleming		Liberal	Joseph William Burton		C. C. F.	Death	No
Selkirk	August 9, 1943	Joseph Thorarinn Thorson		Liberal	William Bryce		C. C. F.	Appointed President of the Exchequer Court of Canada	No
Charlevoix—Saguenay	November 30, 1942	Pierre-François Casgrain		Liberal	Frédéric Dorion		Independent	Appointed a Superior Court Judge of Quebec	No
Winnipeg North Centre	November 30, 1942	J. S. Woodsworth		C. C. F.	Stanley Knowles		C. C. F.	Death	Yes
Outremont	November 30, 1942	Thomas Vien		Liberal	Léo Richer Laflèche		Liberal	Called to the Senate	Yes
St. Mary	February 9, 1942	Hermas Deslauriers		Liberal	Gaspard Fauteux		Liberal	Death	Yes
Welland	February 9, 1942	Arthur Damude		Liberal	Humphrey Mitchell		Liberal	Death	Yes
York South	February 9, 1942	Alan Cockeram		National Government	Joseph W. Noseworthy		C. C. F.	Resignation to provide a seat for Arthur Meighen	No
Quebec East	February 9, 1942	Ernest Lapointe		Liberal	Louis St. Laurent		Liberal	Death	Yes
Edmonton East	June 2, 1941	Frederick Clayton Casselman		Liberal	Cora Taylor Casselman		Liberal	Death	Yes
Saskatoon City	August 19, 1940	Walter George Brown		United Reform Movement	Alfred Henry Bence		Conservative	Death	No
Carleton	August 19, 1940	Alonzo Hyndman		National Government	George Russell Boucher		Conservative	Death	Yes
Waterloo North	August 19, 1940	William Daum Euler		Liberal	Louis Orville Breithaupt		Liberal	Called to the Senate	Yes
Kingston City	August 12, 1940	Norman McLeod Rogers		Liberal	Angus Lewis Macdonald		Liberal	Death	Yes

References

• Government of Canada. "16th Ministry". Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation. Privy Council Office. Archived from the original on 22 February 2005. Retrieved 9 November 2006.
• Government of Canada. "19th Parliament". Members of the House of Commons: 1867 to Date: By Parliament. Library of Parliament. Archived from the original on 20 December 2006. Retrieved 30 November 2006.
• Government of Canada. "Duration of Sessions". Library of Parliament. Archived from the original on 14 November 2007. Retrieved 12 May 2006.
• Government of Canada. "General Elections". Library of Parliament. Archived from the original on 4 May 2006. Retrieved 12 May 2006.
• Government of Canada. "Key Dates for each Parliament". Library of Parliament. Archived from the original on 14 September 2005. Retrieved 12 May 2006.
• Government of Canada. "Leaders of the Opposition in the House of Commons". Library of Parliament. Archived from the original on 11 March 2007. Retrieved 12 May 2006.
• Government of Canada. "Prime Ministers of Canada". Library of Parliament. Archived from the original on 27 April 2006. Retrieved 12 May 2006.
• Government of Canada. "Speakers". Library of Parliament. Archived from the original on 17 September 2006. Retrieved 12 May 2006.