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Education in Uzbekistan

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Education in Uzbekistan is generally managed by the Ministry of Kindergartens and Schools and Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Innovations with some other agencies and bodies responsible in certain areas as prescribed by the President of Uzbekistan.

The public compulsory school system is divided into three broad stages: primary (from Grade 1 to 5), secondary (from Grade 5 to 9) and upper or vocational (from Grade 10 to 11 or in lyceum, colleges, trade schools). Students are typically enrolled at the age of 7 and commonly end their secondary education at the age of 18, therefrom they either start their career or matriculate at a university.

Upper or vocational education is provided through a network of schools:

  • Professional Technical School. Graduates receive a Junior Specialist Diploma equal to a Certificate of Complete Secondary Education.
  • Technical College. Graduates receive a Junior Specialist Diploma equal to a Certificate of Complete Secondary Education.
  • Lyceum or various training courses offered by higher education institutions or industry. Graduates receive a Junior Specialist Diploma or Diploma of Academic Lyceum equal to a Certificate of Complete Secondary Education.

In 2017, education reforms in Uzbekistan changed from 12-year program to 11 years after a previous reform disappointed and troubled parents and children. Eleven years of primary and secondary education are obligatory, starting at age seven. The rate of attendance in those grades is high, although the figure is significantly lower in rural areas than in urban centers. Preschool registration has decreased significantly since 1991.[1]

Structure

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Pre-school

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General

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Language of instruction in 2021, accorting to Ministry of Education.[2]

Total Uzbek Karakalpak Turkmen Tajik Kyrgyz Kazakh Russian Other languages
Karakalpakstan 352,298 152,360
43.24%
125,565
35.64%
10,347
2.93%
-
0%
-
0%
20,411
5.79%
43,615
12.38%
-
0%
Andijan Region 572,250 514,702
89.94%
-
0%
-
0%
-
0%
2689
0.46%
-
0%
54.675
9,55%
144
0.02%
Bukhara Region 324,847 303,963
93.57%
-
0%
-
0%
8
0,002%
-
0%
684
0.21%
20,192
6.21%
-
0%
Fergana Region 673,187 603,412
89,63%
-
0%
-
0%
15.275
2,26%
489
0,07%
-
0%
53.867
8%
144
0,02%
Jizzakh Region 255,854 238,882
93,36%
-
0%
-
0%
1109
0,43%
3936
1,53%
67
0,02%
11,860
4,63%
-
0%
Kashkadarya Region 633,156 604,991
95,55%
-
0%
-
0%
11,039
1,74%
-
0%
-
0%
17,126
2,70%
-
0%
Khorezm Region 359,655 333,255
92,58%
-
0%
555
0,15%
-
0%
-
0%
216
0,06%
25,629
7,12%
-
0%
Namangan Region 510,948 466,127
91,22%
-
0%
-
0%
1123
0,21%
289
0,05%
-
0%
43,409
8,49%
-
0%
Navoiy Region 183,051 158,416
86,53%
285
0,15%
-
0%
760
0,41%
-
0.06%
8355
4,56%
15,241
8,32%
0
0%
Samarkand Region 745,705 680,536
91,26%
-
0%
-
0%
8684
1,16%
-
0%
-
0%
56,485
7,57%
-
0.01%
Surxondaryo Region 509,355 480,497
94,33%
-
0%
-
0%
19,715
3,87%
-
0%
-
0%
9143
1,79%
-
0%
Sirdaryo Region 156,208 145,482
93,13%
-
0%
-
0%
721
0,46%
-
0%
57
0,03%
9948
6,36%
-
0%
Tashkent City 481,750 264,654
54,93%
-
0%
-
0%
-
0%
-
0%
-
0%
215,846
44,80%
1250
0,25%
Tashkent Region 505,456 408,424
80,80%
-
0%
-
0%
6924
1,36%
780
0.15%
23,768
4,70%
65,560
12,97%
-
0%
Subtotal in Uzbekistan 6,263,726 5,355,701
85,50%
125,850
2%
10,902
0,17%
65,358
1,04%
8183
0,13%
53,558
0,85%
642,636
10,25%
1538
0,02%

Upper or vocational education

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Higher education

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Entrance exams for public universities, commonly referred to as DTM, are administered by the State Test Center. These exams hold significant weight as they establish the cut-off points from the applicants' pool for the same program. Consequently, they serve as a sole criterion for awarding scholarships.

Criticism

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Falling public standards

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The official literacy rate is 99 percent. However, in the post-Soviet era educational standards have fallen. Funding and training have not been sufficient to effectively educate the expanding younger cohorts of the population. Between 1992 and 2004, government spending on education dropped from 12 percent to 6.3 percent of gross domestic product.[1]

In 2006 education’s share of the budget increased to 8.1 percent. Lack of budgetary support has been more noticeable at the primary and secondary levels, as the government has continued to subsidize university students.[1]

Between 1992 and 2001, university attendance dropped from 19 percent of the college-age population to 6.4 percent. The three largest of Uzbekistan’s 63 institutions of higher learning are in Nukus, Samarkand, and Tashkent, with all three being state funded.

References

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  1. ^ a b c Uzbekistan country profile. Library of Congress Federal Research Division (February 2007). This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  2. ^ https://stat.uz/images/umumtalim-rus-30_03_2022.pdf

2.https://education.stateuniversity.com/pages/1652/Uzbekistan-SECONDARY-EDUCATION.html