List of peasant revolts
This is a chronological list of revolts organized by peasants.
Background
[edit]The history of peasant wars spans over two thousand years. A variety of factors fueled the emergence of the peasant revolt phenomenon, including:[2]
- Tax resistance
- Social inequality
- Religious war
- National liberation
- Resistance against serfdom
- Land reform
- External factors such as plague and famine
Later peasant revolts such as the Telangana Rebellion were also influenced by agrarian socialist ideologies such as Maoism.[3]
The majority of peasant rebellions ended prematurely and were unsuccessful. Peasants suffered from limited funding and lacked the training and organisational capabilities of professional armies.[4]
Chronological list
[edit]The list gives the name, the date, the peasant allies and enemies, and the result of these conflicts following this legend:
- Peasant victory
- Peasant defeat
- Another result (e.g. a treaty or peace without a clear result, status quo ante bellum, result unknown or indecisive)
- Ongoing conflict
Date | Conflict | State | Peasants | Result | Image | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
209–206 BC | Anti-Qin revolts (including Dazexiang Uprising) | Qin dynasty | Peasants under several rebel leaders, including Chen Sheng, Wu Guang, Xiang Yu, and Liu Bang | Qin dissolution | [5] | |
205–186 BC | Great revolt of the Egyptians | Ptolemaic Kingdom | Native Egyptian peasants and soldiers under secessionist Pharaohs Hugronaphor and Ankhmakis | Suppression of the rebellion | [6] | |
17–25 | Lülin | Xin dynasty | Lülin rebels | Collapse of Xin dynasty; ascendancy of rebel leader Liu Xiu after infighting among Lülin forces | ||
17–27 | Red Eyebrows | Xin dynasty | Red Eyebrows rebels | Goal of the rebellion partially achieved, but eventual defeat of the movement by Liu Xiu | ||
172–173 | Bucolic War | Roman Empire | Egyptian peasants under Isidorus | Suppression of the rebellion | [7] | |
184–205 | Yellow Turban Rebellion | Han dynasty | Yellow Turban rebels | Suppression of the rebellion, though Han dynasty is severely weakened | [8] | |
185–205 | Heishan bandit movement | Han dynasty | Bandit confederacy of the Taihang Mountains Gongsun Zan's forces | Suppression of the rebellion, though Han dynasty is severely weakened | ||
3rd–5th century | Bagaudae | Roman Empire | Bagaudae Suebi | Gain control of some territory; end with the general collapse of the Roman Empire | ||
4th–late 5th century | Circumcellions | Roman Empire (until 435) Catholic Church (until 435) Vandal Kingdom (since 435) African landlords | Berber and Roman peasants Donatist authorities Rebellious Roman military under Gildo (in 398) | End of Roman Catholic rule in Africa, but suppression of the rebellion by Vandals and Arian authorities | [9] | |
611–619 | Anti-Sui rebellions | Sui dynasty | Peasants under several rebel leaders Defected military forces under several rebel generals, officials and nobles | Collapse of Sui dynasty; ascendancy of rebel leader Li Yuan after infighting among rebel forces | ||
841–843 | Stellinga Uprising | Saxon nobility Frankish military under Louis the German | Stellinga | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
859–860 | Rebellion of Ch'iu Fu | Tang dynasty | Chinese peasants and bandits under Ch'iu Fu | Suppression of the rebellion, though Tang dynasty is severely weakened | [10] | |
874–878 | Rebellion of Wang Xianzhi | Tang dynasty | Chinese peasants and bandits under Wang Xianzhi and Shang Junzhang | Suppression of the rebellion, though Tang dynasty is severely weakened | [11] | |
875–884 | Rebellion of Huang Chao | Tang dynasty | Chinese peasants and bandits under Huang Chao | Suppression of the rebellion, though Tang dynasty is severely weakened | [12] | |
928–932 | Basil the Copper Hand Rebellions | Byzantine Empire | Peasants under Basil the Copper Hand | Suppression of the rebellion | [13] | |
993–995 | Da Shu rebellion in Sichuan | Song dynasty | Peasants under Wang Xiaobo and Li Shun | Suppression of the rebellion | [14] | |
996 | Peasants' revolt in Normandy | Normandy under Rodulf of Ivry and Richard II, Duke of Normandy | Norman peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | [15] | |
1277–1280 | Uprising of Ivaylo | Bulgarian nobility Byzantine Empire Golden Horde | Peasants under Ivaylo | Murder of Ivaylo | [16] | |
1323–1328 | Peasant revolt in Flanders | Kingdom of France | Flemish peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1343–1345 | St. George's Night Uprising | Livonian Order Kingdom of Denmark | Estonian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | [17] | |
1351–1368 | Red Turban Rebellion | Yuan dynasty Goryeo | Red Turban Armies of White Lotus members, Manichaeans and Chinese peasants | Fall of Yuan dynasty and retreat of the Mongols into Mongolia as the Northern Yuan dynasty; ascendancy of rebel leader Zhu Yuanzhang after infighting among rebel forces | ||
1358 | Jacquerie | Kingdom of France | French peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1381 | Peasants' Revolt | Kingdom of England | English peasants | Suppression of the rebellion, though Plantagenet dynasty is weakened | ||
1382 | Harelle | Kingdom of France | French peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | [18] | |
1428 | Shocho uprising | Ashikaga shogunate | Japanese peasants | Peasant debts cancelled. | ||
1437 | Transylvanian peasant revolt | Kingdom of Hungary | Transylvanian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1438 | Hallvard Graatops Revolt | Kalmar Union | Norwegian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1441 | Kakitsu uprising | Ashikaga shogunate | Do-ikki (leagues) of peasants and jizamurai | Peasant debts cancelled, Ashikaga shogunate is severely weakened. | [19] | |
1441 | Funen and Jutland Peasant rebellions | Kalmar Union | Danish peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1450 | Jack Cade's rebellion | Kingdom of England | English peasants | Suppression of the rebellion, though Lancaster dynasty is weakened and eventually overthrown during the Wars of the Roses. | [20] | |
1450–1451 | John and William Merfold's Uprising | Kingdom of England | English peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | [21] | |
1453–1454 | Morea revolt of 1453–54 | Despotate of the Morea Ottoman Empire | Greek peasants under Manuel Kantakouzenos Albanians under Peter Bua Latin loyalists under John Asen Zaccaria | Suppression of the rebellion | [22] | |
1462–1472, 1485–1486 | War of the Remences | Catalan constitutionalists and nobility (1462–1472) Crown of Aragon (1485–1486) | Catalan peasants Royalists under John II of Aragon (1462–1472) | Goal of the rebellion largely achieved, Sentència de Guadalupe signed | [23] | |
1467–1469 | Galician Irmandiños Revolt | Kingdom of Galicia (Crown of Castile) | Galician peasants, led by Galician burgeoisie and part of the local lower nobility | Suppression of the rebellion by feudal armies | [24] | |
May 1476 | Niklashausen Peasant Revolt | Holy Roman Empire | German peasants led by Hans Böhm, who had a vision of the Virgin Mary, against the nobility and clergy of the Holy Roman Empire. | Böhm executed and pilgrimages to Niklashausen ceased | [25] | |
1478 | Carinthian Peasant Revolt | Holy Roman Empire | Carinthian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | [26] | |
1482–1511 | Yamashiro ikki uprisings | Ashikaga shogunate Various samurai clans |
Yamashiro ikki and later, lesser ikki Various samurai clans |
Most ikki submit to the shogunate in 1493, though they achieved many of their aims and continued to retain autonomy until the gradual end of the movement | [27] | |
1487–1488 | Kaga Rebellion | Togashi clan | Ikkō-ikkiMotoori clanYamagawa clan | Decisive victory for the Ikkō-ikki. | [28] | |
1488–1582 | Ikkō-ikki Uprisings | Several major samurai clans (including Oda clan and Tokugawa clan) Nichiren sect Tendai sōhei Jōdo-shū sōhei | Ikkō-shū peasant and ji-samurai leagues Jōdo Shinshū sōhei Mōri clan Azai clan Asakura clan | Destruction of most militant Ikkō-shū leagues; Jōdo Shinshū sect and remaining Ikkō-ikki submit to Toyotomi Hideyoshi | [29] | |
1490-1492 | Mukha rebellion | Kingdom of Poland | Orthodox ruthenian peasants
Orthodox moldavian peasants |
Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1493–1517 | Bundschuh movement | Holy Roman Empire | German Peasants | All rebellions suppressed | ||
1498–1878 | Opryshky movement | Kingdom of Poland Holy Roman Empire | Ruthenian (Ukrainian) peasants
Hutsul peasants |
Suppression of the movement | ||
1511 | Friulian Revolt | Republic of Venice | Friulian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1514 | Poor Conrad Rebellion | Duchy of Württemberg | Württemberg peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | [30] | |
1514 | György Dózsa Rebellion | Kingdom of Hungary | Hungarian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | [31] | |
1515 | Slovene Peasant Revolt of 1515 | Holy Roman Empire | Slovene peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | [32] | |
1515–1523 | Frisian peasant rebellion | Habsburg Netherlands | Arumer Zwarte Hoop Charles II, Duke of Guelders | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1516–1521 | Trần Cảo Rebellion | Lê dynasty | Vietnamese peasants under Trần Cảo and Trần Cung | Suppression of the rebellion, though Lê dynasty is severely weakened | [33] | |
1519–1659 | Celali rebellions | Ottoman Caliphate | Turkmen peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | [34] | |
1524–1525 | German Peasants' War | Swabian League | German peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1524–1533 | Dalecarlian Rebellions | Sweden | Dalarna peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1525 | Palatine Peasants' War | Electoral Palatinate | Palatine peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1534 | Skipper Clement's Rebellion | Christian III Kingdom of Denmark | Danish Peasants under Skipper Clement Christian II | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1540 | Peasant's Rebellion in Telemark | Denmark–Norway | Norwegian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1542–1543 | Dacke War | Sweden | Småland peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | [35] | |
1549 | Kett's Rebellion | Kingdom of England | English peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1573 | Croatian–Slovene Peasant Revolt | Holy Roman Empire | Slovene peasants Croatian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | [36] | |
1594–1637 | Croquant rebellions | Kingdom of France | French peasants | Suppression of all rebellions | ||
1596–1597 | Cudgel War | Sweden | Finnish peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | [37] | |
1606–1607 | Bolotnikov Rebellion | Tsardom of Russia | Russian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1626–1636 | Peasants' War in Upper Austria | Electorate of Bavaria | Austrian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | [38] | |
1630–1633 | Peasant Uprising in Podhale | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Polish peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | [39] | |
1630–1645 | Rebellion of Li Zicheng | Ming dynasty (1630–1644) Qing Dynasty (1644–1645) | Peasants under Li Zicheng, Gao Guiying and other generals of the Shun dynasty | Collapse of Ming dynasty, but suppression of the rebellion by Qing dynasty | ||
1630–1647 | Rebellion of Zhang Xianzhong | Ming dynasty (1630–1644) Qing Dynasty (1644–1647) | Peasants and bandits under Zhang Xianzhong | Collapse of Ming dynasty, but suppression of the rebellion by Qing dynasty | [40] | |
1635 | Second Slovene peasants' revolt | Holy Roman Empire | Peasants under a scattered leadership of various leaders | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1637–1638 | Shimabara Rebellion | Tokugawa shogunate Dutch Empire | Christian peasants and rōnin | Suppression of the rebellion | [41] | |
1639 | Revolt of the va-nu-pieds | Kingdom of France | Normandy peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1640 | Corpus de Sang | Principality of Catalonia | Catalan harvesters | Revolt successful. Start of the Reapers' War; eventual defeat of Catalonia | ||
1651 | Kostka-Napierski Uprising | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Polish peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | [42] | |
1652 | Guo Huaiyi Rebellion | Dutch East India Company Aboriginal Taiwanese | Chinese peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1653 | Swiss peasant war of 1653 | Republic of the Swiss | Swiss peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | [43] | |
1664-1665 | Varenytsia Uprising | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Ukrainian peasants
Kalnyk Cossack regiment under Vasyl Varenytsia and Ivan Sulymka Zaporozhian Cossacks under Ivan Sirko |
Suppression of the rebellion | [44] | |
1667–1671 | Stepan Razin Rebellion | Tsardom of Russia | Russian peasants Don Cossacks | Suppression of the rebellion | [45] | |
1669–1670 | Peasant Rebellion in Podhale | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Polish peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | [46] | |
1704 | Kuridža's Rebellion | Republic of Venice | Orthodox peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1705–1706 | Bavarian People's Uprising | Habsburg Monarchy | Bavarian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1707–1708 | Bulavin Rebellion | Tsardom of Russia | Russian peasants Don Cossacks | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1713 | Slovene peasant revolt in Tolmin | Holy Roman Empire | Peasants under a scattered leadership of various leaders, including Ivan Miklavčič | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1730–1769 | Peasant revolts for the restoration of the Lê dynasty and land reforms | Trịnh lords Nguyễn lords | Vietnamese peasants Lê dynasty | Suppression of the rebellions and eventual collapse of Lê dynasty, but start of Tây Sơn Revolt | ||
1743 | Dalecarlian rebellion | Sweden | Swedish peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1765 | Strilekrigen | Denmark–Norway | Norwegian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1767-1770 | Klishchyn Uprising | Russian Empire | Ukrainian peasants
Zhovnynsk Cossacks |
Suppression of the rebellion | [47] | |
1768–1769 | Koliivshchyna | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Russian Empire | Haidamaka movement
Orthodox ruthenian peasants |
Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1769–1788 | Tây Sơn Revolt | Nguyễn lords (until 1776) Nguyễn Ánh's forces (since 1776) Trịnh lords (until 1786) Siam (in 1785) Lê dynasty (1786–1788) Qing Dynasty (1787–1788) |
Tây Sơn dynasty | Goal of the rebellion achieved; reunification of Vietnam and introduction of land reforms under Tây Sơn dynasty | ||
1773–1775 | Pugachev's Rebellion | Russian Empire | Russian peasants Ural Cossacks Bashkirs | Suppression of the rebellion | [48] | |
1780–1783 | Rebellion of Túpac Amaru II | Spain | Quechua and Aymara peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | [49] | |
1784 | Revolt of Horea, Cloșca and Crișan | Austrian Empire | Romanian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | [50] | |
1786–1787 | Lofthusreisingen | Denmark–Norway | Norwegian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1786–1787 | Shays' Rebellion | United States | American farmers | Suppression of the rebellion, constitutional reform | ||
1789-1793 | Turbaii Uprising | Russian Empire | former Myrhorod Cossacks
Ukrainian peasants |
Suppression of the rebellion, self government abolished | [51] | |
1790 | Saxon Peasants' Revolt | Saxony | Saxon peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | [52] | |
1791–1794 | Whisky Rebellion | United States | American farmers | Suppression of the rebellion, whiskey tax is repealed shortly after | ||
1793–1796 | War in the Vendée | French Republic | Catholic and Royal Army Chouan rebels Émigrés Great Britain | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1793–1804 | Chouannerie | French Republic | Chouan rebels Catholic and Royal Army Émigrés Great Britain | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1794 | Kościuszko Uprising | Russian Empire Kingdom of Prussia Polish loyalists | Polish nationalist nobility Polish peasants Polish Jacobins | Suppression of the rebellion | [53] | |
1794–1804 | White Lotus Rebellion | Qing Dynasty | White Lotus rebels | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1798 | Peasants' War | French Republic | Low countries peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | [54] | |
1800–1802 | Lærdal Rebellion | Denmark–Norway | Norwegian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | [55] | |
1803 | Cherkasy Uprising of 1803 | Russian Empire | Ukrainian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | [56] | |
1807–1820 | Jean-Baptiste Perrier's rebellion | Republic of Haiti | Haitian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1809 | Tyrolean Rebellion | French Empire Bavaria Saxony Napoleonic Italy | Tyrolean peasants Austria | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1809 | Gottscheer Rebellion | First French Empire | Gottschee German peasants Slovene peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1811 | Klågerup riots | Sweden | Swedish peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1813-1835 | Karmaliuk uprisings | Russian Empire | Ukrainian peasants
Polish peasants Jewish peasants |
Suppression of the rebellion | [57] | |
1819 | Chuguev uprising | Russian Empire | military settlers of the Chuguev Regiment
Ukrainian peasants |
Suppression of the rebellion | [58] | |
1826–1854 | Peasant uprisings during the reign of Nicholas I of Russia | Russian Empire | Russian peasants | About 556 small-scale rural uprisings took place during Nicholas' reign. All were suppressed, but contributed to the Russian Emperor's reluctance to end the serfdom in Russia. | [59] | |
1826 | Ohramievchi uprising | Russian Empire | Ukrainian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | [60] | |
1832–1835 | Cabanada | Empire of Brazil | Restorationist peasants | Rebellion subdued after the premature death of former Emperor Pedro I | ||
1834–1835 | Syrian Peasant Revolt (1834–35) | Egypt Eyalet | Arab peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | [61] | |
1835–1840 | Cabanagem | Empire of Brazil | Indigenous, mestizo and black peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1838–1841 | Balaiada | Empire of Brazil | Peasants and African slaves | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1839–1845 | Anti-Rent War | United States New York (state) | Upstate tenant farmers | initially suppressed by the state militia, rebel anti-rent leaders arrested though they were either pardoned or not sentenced, anti-renters continued to rebel decades after the trials, the Antirenter party was formed and tenant rights were granted. | ||
1844 | Piquet uprising | Republic of Haiti | Piquets (Haitian peasants) under Acaau | Piquet movement leaders integrated into government, but goals not achieved | [62] | |
1846 | Acaau's second rebellion | Republic of Haiti | Haitian peasants under Acaau | Suppression of the rebellion | [63] | |
1846 | Galician Peasant Uprising of 1846 | Austrian Empire | Galician peasants | De facto suppression of the rebellion, although it was both sparked and extinguished by the Austrian authorities and eventually led to abolition of serfdom in Galicia and Lodomeria two years later. | [64] | |
1847-1915 | Caste War of Yucatán | Mexico Guatemala British Honduras |
Maya peasants of the Yucatán Peninsula | Temporary establishment of Chan Santa Cruz state; eventually suppression of the rebellion | [65] | |
1850–1864 | Taiping Rebellion | Qing Dynasty | Taiping Heavenly Kingdom | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1855 | Kiev Cossacks insurrection | Russian Empire | Kyiv "Cossacks"
Ukrainian peasants |
Suppression of the rebellion | [66] | |
1856 | "To Tavria for freedom" movement | Russian Empire | Ukrainian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | [66] | |
1851–1868 | Nian Rebellion | Qing Dynasty | Nian militias | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1858 | Mahtra War | Russian Empire | Estonian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | [67] | |
1861 | Bezdna unrest | Russian Empire | Russian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | [68] | |
1862 | Great Peasant Uprising of 1862 | Joseon Dynasty | Korean peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1884 | Chichibu Incident | Japan | Japanese peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1888 | Peasant Revolt in Banten | Dutch East Indies | Bantenese peasants and ulamas | Suppression of the rebellion | [69] | |
1892 | Jerez uprising | Spain | Regional fieldworkers | Suppression of the rebellion | [70] | |
1894–1895 | Donghak Peasant Revolution | Japan Joseon Dynasty | Korean peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1896–1897 | War of Canudos | First Brazilian Republic | Canudos inhabitants | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1899–1900 | Peasant unrest in Bulgaria | Principality of Bulgaria | Bulgarian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1905-1906 | Sorochyntsi revolt | Russian Empire | Ukrainian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | [71] | |
1905–1908 | Maji Maji Rebellion | German East Africa | Matumbi people, Ngoni people, and other Tanganyikans | Suppression of the rebellion | [72] | |
1907 | 1907 Romanian Peasants' Revolt | Kingdom of Romania | Romanian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1910 | Kileler uprising | Kingdom of Greece | Farmers of Thessaly | Initial suppression of the rebellion, followed by the arrested declared innocent and some minor measures in favor of the peasants being taken the next year; Actual requests of the peasants began being fulfilled in 1923. | [73] | |
1911 | Peasant rebellion in eastern Henan | Qing dynasty | Yellow Way Society | Suppression of the rebellion | [74][75] | |
1912-1916 | Contestado War | First Brazilian Republic | Farmers and lumberjacks | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1913 | Peasant revolt in Northern Shaanxi | Republic of China | Chinese poppy farmers and bandits under a sect leader | Spread of the revolt; poppy plant eradication campaign stopped | [76] | |
1914 | Peasant Revolt in Albania | Principality of Albania Catholic Militia | Muslim peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1916 | Urkun | Russian Empire | Kyrgyz and Kazakh peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | [77] | |
1917–1921 | Makhnovshchina | South Russia Soviet Russia |
Ukrainian peasants and workers | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1918 | Livny Uprising | Soviet Russia | Russian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1918 | Arsk Uprising | Soviet Russia | Tatar peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1918 | Sheksna uprising | Soviet Russia | Russian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1918 | Anti-Hetman uprising | Ukrainian state | Ukrainian peasants
Ukrainian directorate supporters |
Abdication of Hetman Skoropadskyj
Restoration of the Ukrainian People's Republic Preliminary peace agreement between Ukraine and the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic |
[78] | |
1919 | Chapan rebellion | Soviet Russia | Russian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1919 | Khotyn uprising | Kingdom of Romania | Ukrainian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1919–1922 | Rebellion of "Chu the Ninth" (Ming pretender) | Republic of China | Yellow Way Society | Suppression of the rebellion | [79] | |
1920 | Pitchfork uprising | Soviet Russia | "Black Eagle" peasant rebels | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1920 | Croatian Peasant Rebellion | Yugoslavia | Croatian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1920–1922 | Tambov Rebellion | Soviet Russia | Russian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1920–1926 | Spirit Soldier rebellions of eastern Sichuan and western Hubei | Republic of China | Spirit Soldier rebels, allied warlord forces | Stalemate: Large Spirit Soldier armies are destroyed, but movement persists | [80][81][82] | |
1921 | Peasant Rebellion of Sorokino | Soviet Russia | Russian peasants and White Army veterans | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1921 | Malabar rebellion | India | Indian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | [83] | |
1924 | Rebellion of "Wang the Sixth" (Ming pretender) | Republic of China | Wang's followers | Suppression of the rebellion | [79] | |
1924 | Tatarbunary uprising | Kingdom of Romania | Ukrainian peasants
Ukrainian bolsheviks |
Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1925 | Rebellion of Chu Hung-teng (Ming pretender) | Republic of China | Heavenly Gate Society | Suppression of the rebellion | [84] | |
1927 | Autumn Harvest Uprising | Republic of China | Hunan Soviet | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1928–1929 | Red Spears' uprising in Shandong | Republic of China | Red Spear Society | Suppression of the rebellion | [85] | |
1928-1940 | Revolts against soviet collectivisation | Soviet Union | Soviet peasants | Suppression of the revolts | ||
1932 | Salvadoran peasant massacre | El Salvador | Salvadoran peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1932 | Lesko uprising | Poland | Polish peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | [86] | |
1932 | Peasant uprising against poppy-tax collection in Su County | Republic of China Kuomintang members and allied gentry | Chinese poppy farmers and gentry under Wang Xiaobai and Ma Fengshan | Suppression of the rebellion | [87] | |
1932 | Peasant uprising against poppy-tax collection in Lingbi County | Republic of China | Chinese poppy farmers under Tian Xuemin | Goal of the rebellion achieved | [88] | |
1936 | Miyun District rebellion | East Hebei Autonomous Council Empire of Japan |
Yellow Sand Society | Suppression of the rebellion | [89][90] | |
1944 | Peasant revolt in Beichuan County | Republic of China | Chinese poppy farmers of Xiaoyuan and Houyuan | Goal of the rebellion achieved | [91] | |
1944 | Peasant uprising in Indramayu | Empire of Japan | Indramayu Peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | [92] | |
1946–1951 | Tebhaga movement | Bengal landlords | Bengal peasants (All India Kisan Sabha) Communist Party of India | Goal of the rebellion partially achieved | [93] | |
1946–1951 | Telangana Rebellion | Razakars Hyderabad landlords Hyderabad State | Hyderabad peasants (Andhra Mahasabha) Communist Party of India | Goal of the rebellion achieved | [94] | |
1947–1954 | Hukbalahap Rebellion | Philippines | Filipino peasants (Hukbalahap) | Suppression of the rebellion | [95] | |
1949 | Nankar Rebellion | Pakistan Various Bengali Zamindars |
Communist Party and Peasants Association | Goal of the rebellion achieved | [96] | |
1950 | Cazin rebellion | Yugoslavia | Yugoslavian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | [97] | |
1952–1960 | Mau Mau Uprising | Kenya Colony | Kikuyu farmhanders | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1958 | Rebellion at Fuzhou, Jiangxi | China | Dacheng sects | Suppression of the rebellion | [98] | |
1958 | Rebellion at Yongjing | China | Rural rebels | Suppression of the rebellion | [99] | |
1959–1965 | Escambray Rebellion | Cuba | Cuban peasants Batista loyalists DRE United States | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1959 | Peasant rebellion at Sizhuang, Henan | China | "Regiment of Spirit Soldiers" | Suppression of the rebellion | [99] | |
1960 | Rebellion at Yongnian County | China | New Star Society | Suppression of the rebellion | [100] | |
1968–1969 | Agbekoya | Nigeria | Yoruba peasants | Goal of the rebellion achieved | ||
1969 | Rebellion at Changchun | China | Nine Palaces Way | Suppression of the rebellion | [101] | |
1969 | Rebellion at Shuangyang County | China | Mount Wutai sect | Suppression of the rebellion | [101] | |
1970s | 1970s peasant revolts in Thailand | Thailand | Thai peasants | Peasant leaders assassinated | ||
1975–1991 | Uprisings in Tigray and Eritrea; part of the Ethiopian Civil War | Ethiopia | Tigrayan and Eritrean peasants | Derg overthrown; Eritrean independence | [102] | |
1994 | Zapatista uprising | Mexico | Mexican indigenous peasants | Ceasefire |
See also
[edit]- Servile Wars
- Peasant movement
- Popular revolts in late-medieval Europe
- Maoism
- United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Peasants
References
[edit]- ^ Nuijasota by Heikki Ylikangas , Otava, 1996 ISBN 951-1-14253-4 (in Finnish)
- ^ Frantisek Graus (5 February 2008). "The Late Medieval Peasant Wars". The Journal of Peasant Studies. 3: 1–9. doi:10.1080/03066157508437962. S2CID 145755659.
- ^ Theda Skocpol (April 1982). "Review: What Makes Peasants Revolutionary?" (PDF). Retrieved 22 October 2014.
- ^ "Peasant Rebellions". Danmarkshistorien-Aarhus University. Archived from the original on 4 January 2019. Retrieved 20 October 2014.
- ^ "Chen Sheng and Wu Guang's Revolt Against Qin". Retrieved 22 October 2014.
- ^ "The great revolt of the Egyptians (205–186 BC)". Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 8 June 2015.
- ^ Dio Cassius, Epitome 72
- ^ Ulrich Theobald (28 June 2011). "The Yellow Turban Uprising". Retrieved 22 October 2014.
- ^ Baldwin, pp. 3–11.
- ^ Somers, pp. 688–692.
- ^ Somers, pp. 727–736.
- ^ Somers, pp. 727–762.
- ^ Kazhdan 1991, pp. 268–269
- ^ "Die Nördliche Song-Dynastie". Archived from the original on 18 September 2018. Retrieved 17 June 2015.
- ^ Gowers, Bernard (2013). "996 and all that: The Norman peasants' revolt reconsidered". Early Medieval Europe. 21: 71–98. doi:10.1111/emed.12010. S2CID 161421440.
- ^ Andreev, pp. 221–228.
- ^ Vahtre, pp. 79–90.
- ^ Sumption, p. 444.
- ^ Hall, Toyoda; pp. 28–30.
- ^ Thomson, pp. 195–297.
- ^ Hicks, pp. 33–55.
- ^ Cheetham, p. 218.
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