View source for chancellor

{{also|Chancellor}}
==English==
{{was wotd|2019|July|17}}

===Etymology===
{{multiple images
|direction = vertical
|image1 = Hans Holbein, the Younger - Sir Thomas More - Google Art Project.jpg
|caption1 = Sir {{w|Thomas More}}, depicted in this 1527 portrait by {{w|Hans Holbein the Younger}},{{refn|group=n|name=n1|From the {{w|Frick Collection}} in [[New York City]], [[New York]], USA.}} was the [[w:Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster|'''Chancellor''' of the Duchy of Lancaster]] from 1525 to 1529, and [[Lord Chancellor|Lord High '''Chancellor''' of England]] from 1529 to 1532 ''(sense 1)''.
|image2 = Angela Merkel. Tallinn Digital Summit.jpg
|caption2 = {{w|Angela Merkel}} was the [[w:Chancellor of Germany (1949–present)|'''Chancellor''']] of [[Germany]] ''(sense 2)'' from 2005 to 2021.
}}

From {{der|en|xno|-}} or {{inh|en|enm|chaunceler|chaunceler}}, {{m|enm|chanceler}}, {{m|enm|canceler||chief administrative or executive officer of a ruler; chancellor, secretary; private secretary, scribe; Lord Chancellor of England; officer of the ruler's exchequer; a high administrative or executive officer (for example, a deputy or representative of a bishop; the head of a university)}}, from {{der|en|fro|cancelier}}, {{m|fro|chancelier||chancellor}},<ref>{{R:MED Online|entry=chauncelẹ̄r|pos=''n.''(1)|noformat=yes|id=MED7360|accessdate=2 November 2018}}</ref> from {{der|en|LL.|cancellārius||secretary; doorkeeper, porter; usher of a court of law stationed at the bars separating the public from the judges}},<ref name="OED">{{R:OED Online|pos=n|id=30429|date=1889|nodot=yes}}; {{R:Lexico}}</ref> from {{der|en|la|cancellī}} ({{glossary|plural}} of {{m|la|cancellus||grate; bars, barrier; railings}}, {{glossary|diminutive}} of {{m|la|cancer||grid; barrier}}, from {{der|en|itc-pro|*karkros||enclosure}}, ultimately from {{der|en|ine-pro|*(s)ker-||to bend, turn}}) + {{m|la|-ārius|pos=''suffix forming nouns denoting an agent of use''}}.

The word was present as Late {{cog|ang|canceler}}, {{m|ang|cancheler}}, from {{cog|nrf|cancheler}}, but was displaced in the 13th century by the Old French and Anglo-Norman forms mentioned above.<ref name="OED"/>

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|en|/ˈtʃɑːnsələ/|/ˈtʃɑːnslə/|a=RP}}
* {{IPA|en|/ˈt͡ʃænsələ/|/-lɚ/|/ˈt͡ʃænslɚ/|a=GA}}
* {{audio|en|En-au-chancellor.ogg|a=AU}}
* {{hyphenation|en|chan|cel|lor}}

===Noun===
{{en-noun}}

# A [[senior#Adjective|senior]] [[secretary]] or [[official#Noun|official]] with [[administrative]] or [[legal]] [[duty|duties]], sometimes [[in charge]] of some [[area]] of [[government]] such as [[finance#Noun|finance]] or [[justice]].
#: {{ux|en|'''Chancellor''' of the Duchy of Lancaster}}
#: {{ux|en|[[Lord Chancellor|Lord '''Chancellor''']]}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=[[w:Stephen Vaughan (merchant)|Stephen Vaughan]]|chapter=CCCLXXVI. Vaughan to King [[w:Henry VIII of England|Henry VIII]].|title=State Papers Published under the Authority of Her Majesty’s Commission|location=London|publisher=Printed by [[w:Eyre & Spottiswoode|George E[dward] Eyre and William Spottiswoode]],{{nb...|printers to the Queen’s Most Excellent Majesty.}}|date=6 September 1533|year_published=1849|volume=VII (King Henry the Eighth. Part V.—Continued.)|page=502|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=g8c_AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA502|oclc=614600781|passage=The 6{{sup|th}} daye after, the Duke beyng infourmyd of myne arryvayle, sent his '''Chancellour''' to myne inne, desyryng to knowe the cause of my comying tether;  {{...}}}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=w:Thomas Rymer; Robert Sanderson|chapter=De Liberatura pro Domino Cancellario Angliæ|title=Fœdera, Conventiones, Literæ, et Cujuscunque Generis Acta Publica, inter Regis Angliæ,{{nb...|et Alios quosvis Imperatores, Reges, Pontifices Principes, vel Communitates: Ab ineunte Sæculo Duodecimo, viz. ab Anno 1101 ad nostra usque Tempora Habita aut Tractata: Ex Autographis, infra Secretiores Archivorum Regiorum Thesaurarias per multa Sæcula reconditis, fideliter Excripta. In lucem missa de Mandato Regio.}}|edition=2nd|location=London|publisher=Per [[w:Jacob Tonson|J[acob] Tonson]]|year=1603|year_published=1727|volume=XVI|page=541|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=9R5aAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA541|column=1|oclc=915435530|passage=We have in the Wiſedome and Dexteritie of, our right truſty and wellbeloved Counſellor, ''[[w:Thomas Egerton, 1st Viscount Brackley|Thomas Lord Elleſmere]]'', and for certen other eſpeciall Cauſes Us moving, have given and graunted unto the ſaid ''Thomas Lord Elleſmere'' the Office of our Lord '''Chauncellor''' of England, and given Aucthority to the ſaid ''Lord Elleſmere'' to heare examyne and determyne Cauſes Matters and Suytes as ſhall happen to bee, as well in our Chauncery as in our Starchamber, like as the '''Chauncellor''' of England or Keeper of the Greate Seale of England,  {{...}}}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|title=Lettre sur [[w:Johann Fust|Jean Faust]], &c. That is, A Letter Concerning John Faust, Printer of Mentz. By a Librarian of Geneva. Geneva, 1745.|editor=&#91;{{w|Mark Akenside}}&#93;|magazine=The Museum: Or, The Literary and Historical Register|volume=II|issue=XVI|location=London|publisher=Printed for [[w:Robert Dodsley|R[obert] Dodsley]]{{nb...|in Pall-mall.}}|year='''[1746?]''' October 25|year_published=1746 (indicated on title page)|page=106|pageurl=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015065602057&view=1up&seq=114|oclc=931328825|passage=But tho' this Family might make an honourable Figure at the Bar, yet it ſeems a little unaccountable how a '''Chancellor''' of the ''Bourbonnois'' came to be charg'd with the Reformation of the whole ''French'' Kingdom.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=[[w:W. S. Gilbert|W[illiam] S[chwenck] Gilbert]]; {{w|Arthur Sullivan}}, music|title=[[w:Iolanthe|{{...|An Entirely Original Fairy Opera, in Two Acts, Entitled}} Iolanthe; or, The Peer and the Peri]]|location=London|publisher={{w|Chappell & Co.}},{{nb...|50, New Bond Street, W. City Branch—15, Poultry, E.C.}}|year='''1882''' November 25 (first performance)|year_published=[1885?]|section=act I|page=10|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=_9FZAAAAcAAJ&pg=RA10-PA10|oclc=560801973|passage=And everyone who'd marry a Ward / Must come to me for my accord, / And in my court I sit all day, / Giving agreeable girls away, /  {{...}} / And one for thou—and one for thee— / But never, oh never a one for me! / Which is exasperating, for / A highly susceptible '''Chancellor'''!}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=[[w:William Searle Holdsworth|W[illiam] S[earle] Holdsworth]]|chapter=English Law in the Sixteenth and Early Seventeenth Centuries (Continued): Developments outside the Sphere of the Common Law (Continued)|title=A History of English Law|location=London|publisher=[[w:Methuen Publishing|Methuen & Co. Ltd.]]{{nb...|36 Essex Street, W.C.}}|year=1923|volume=V|section=part II (The Equitable Jurisdiction of the Chancellor)|pages=235–236|pageurl=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.31108/page/n265/mode/1up|oclc=1053666846|passage=The '''chancellor''' [''i.e.'', the [[Lord Chancellor]]] is the king's delegate, accountable only to him for his use of his absolute power to purge the defendant's conscience. But we can see in the citation of cases and precedents the influence of the new school of lawyer '''chancellors'''. The usages and customs of the court are a law to the court. It is fairly clear that the process which will reduce to rule and system the occasions upon which the '''chancellor''' will interfere to purge a corrupt conscience, has not as yet gone very far; but we can see in embryo the beginnings of this process.}}
## {{lb|en|UK politics}} {{ellipsis of|en|Chancellor of the Exchequer}}
##* {{quote-book|en|author=Edward, Earl of Clarendon [''i.e.'', {{w|Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon}}]|chapter=Part the Second|title=The Life of Edward, Earl of Clarendon, Lord High Chancellor of England, and Chancellor of the University of Oxford.{{nb...|Containing, I. An Account of the Chancellor’s Life from His Birth to the Restoration in 1660. II. A Continuation of the Same, and of His History of the Grand Rebellion, from the Restoration to His Banishment in 1667. Written by Himself. Printed from His Original Manuscripts Given to the University of Oxford by the Heirs of the Late Earl of Clarendon.}}|location=Oxford, Oxfordshire|publisher=At the [[w:University of Oxford|Clarendon Printing-house]]|year=1760|volume=I|pages=111 and 112|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=26JJAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA111|oclc=723149497|passage=&#91;[https://books.google.com/books?id=26JJAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA111 page 111]&#93;  {{...}} [[w:Henry Cary, 4th Viscount Falkland|Lord ''Falkland'']]  {{...}} took an Opportunity to tell the [[w:Charles II of England|King]], that He had now a good Opportunity to prefer Mr. ''[[w:Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon|Hyde]]'', by making him '''Chancellor''' of the Exchequer, in the Place of Sir ''[[w:John Colepeper, 1st Baron Colepeper|John Colepepper]]'';  {{...}} &#91;[https://books.google.com/books?id=26JJAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA112 page 112]&#93; He [Colepepper] ſurrendered his Office of '''Chancellor''' of the Exchequer: And the next Day Mr. ''Hyde'' was ſworn of the Privy-Council, and Knighted, and had his Patents ſealed for that Office.|brackets=on}}
##* {{quote-web|en|title=Philip Hammond: MPs will and should Stop No-deal Brexit|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-48874144|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708131132/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-48874144|archivedate=8 July 2019|work=w:BBC News|date=5 July 2019|passage='''Chancellor''' {{w|Philip Hammond}} has told the BBC he and other MPs will "find a way" of blocking a no-deal Brexit.  {{...}} Mr Hammond is expected to be replaced as '''chancellor''' whoever wins the Conservative leadership election later this month.}}
##* {{quote-web|en|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2022/oct/14/liz-truss-press-conference-u-turn-corporation-tax-kwasi-kwarteng|title=Liz Truss sacks Kwasi Kwarteng before corporation tax U-turn|date=2022-10-14|work=The Guardian|passage=Liz Truss has sacked Kwasi Kwarteng as her '''chancellor''' and replaced him with Jeremy Hunt ahead of a U-turn on key sections of her disastrous mini-budget, as she launched a desperate attempt to restore her crumbling political authority.}}
# The [[head#Noun|head]] of the government in some [[German#Noun|German]]-[[speak]]ing [[country|countries]].
#: {{synonyms|en|Reichskanzler|q1=historical}}
#: {{ux|en|the Austrian '''Chancellor'''}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|title=The Scandal in Alsace. Indignation of the Reichstag.|newspaper=[[w:North China Daily News|The North-China Herald and Supreme Court & Consular Gazette: The Weekly Edition of the North-China Daily News]]|location=Shanghai|publisher=Printed and published at the offices of the North-China Daily News & Herald, Ld.|date=13 December 1913|volume=CIX (New Series)|issue=2418|page=783|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=VZYhAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA783|column=1|oclc=662525861|passage=In the Reichstag, the Imperial '''Chancellor''', Dr. [[w:Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg|[Theobald] von Bethmann-Hollweg]], replied to questions upon the [[w:Zabern Affair|Zabern incident]] in a tone of protest and anger which has not been heard since the Morocco debate. Half the House itself was seething with indignation against the Government.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=2003|author=Owen Chadwick|title=A History of the Popes, 1830-1914|publisher=Oxford University Press, USA|isbn=9780199262861|page=194
|text=He was a moderate who wanted German unity and became '''Chancellor''' of Bavaria after the Prussian defeat of Austria.}}
#* {{quote-web|en|title=Angela Merkel to Step down as German Chancellor in 2021|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-46020745|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190630142305/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-46020745|archivedate=30 June 2019|work=w:BBC News|date=29 October 2018|passage=Germany's {{w|Angela Merkel}} has said she will step down as '''chancellor''' in 2021, following recent election setbacks. "I will not be seeking any political post after my term ends," she told a news conference in Berlin.}}
# {{lb|en|Christianity}} A senior [[record keeper]] of a [[cathedral]]; a senior legal officer for a [[bishop]] or [[diocese]] in charge of [[hear]]ing [[case#Noun|cases]] involving [[ecclesiastical]] [[law]].
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=W. T. P.|title=The Consistory Court of St. Asaph|magazine=[[w:Bye-gones|Bye-gones Relating to Wales and the Border Counties]]|location=Oswestry, Shropshire; Wrexham, Denbighshire|publisher=Woodall, Minshall, Thomas and Co.; London: {{w|Elliot Stock}}{{nb...|62, Paternoster Row, E.C.}}|date=20 November 1907|volume=X (New Series)|page=139|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=f4wVAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA138|oclc=151039813|passage=The '''Chancellor''', as he is commonly called, who presides in the Diocesan Court, is appointed by the Bishop to the two ancient offices of Vicar General and Official Principal. When the Bishop, as was frequently the case, was absent from the Diocese, or for any other reason was unable to act in person, the Vicar General, as the name denotes, was his usual representative, while the exercise of his judicial authority he delegated to the Official Principal. For a long period of time the two offices have been always held together, and the '''Chancellor''' sometimes acts in one capacity and sometimes in the other.}}
# {{lb|en|education}} The head of a [[university]], sometimes purely [[ceremonial#Adjective|ceremonial]].
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=Frederick Douglas How|title=The Marquis of Salisbury|editor=Donald Macleod|magazine=w:Good Words|location=London|publisher=Isbister and Company Limited{{nb...|15 and 16 Tavistock Street Covent Garden}}|year=1902|section=section II (Oxford Days)|pages=141–142|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=rdURAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA141|oclc=611177933|passage=When the extremely arduous duties of the Prime Minister’s &#91;{{w|Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury}}’s&#93; political life are considered, it will be understood that, if the Chancellorship of the University entailed any serious amount of work, it would have been impossible for him to continue in the office. As a matter of fact, this is not the case. There are '''Chancellor'''’s Prizes which he gives, but he does not present them in person. There is a '''Chancellor'''’s Court to which University men may be summoned, but it is invariably presided over by the Vice-Chancellor, who is, in fact, the one really executive authority. Sometimes the '''Chancellor''' heads deputations to Court, and sometimes (but rarely) he comes to [the [[w:University of Oxford|University of] Oxford]] to preside over some special function, when his weighty words are greatly valued.}}
# {{lb|en|Scots law}} The [[foreman]] of a [[jury]].
#* {{RQ:Scott Tales of My Landlord 2|volume=II|chapter=XII|pages=285–286|pageref=285|passage="Have you agreed on your '''chancellor''', gentlemen?" was the first question of the Judge. The foreman, called in Scotland the '''chancellor''' of the jury, usually the man of best rank and estimation among the assizers, stepped forward, and, with a low reverence, delivered to the Court a sealed paper, containing the verdict,  {{...}}}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Robert Bell; William Bell|entry=CRIMINAL PROSECUTION|title=A Dictionary of the Law of Scotland|edition=3rd revised and enlarged|location=Edinburgh|publisher=Printed for John Anderson & Co.{{nb...|Royal Exchange}}, and Bell & Bradfute|year=1826|volume=I|page=333|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=e1dHAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA334|oclc=964339456|passage=The verdict must be returned to the Court by the '''chancellor''' of the jury, in presence of the accused, and of the whole jury; and, being engrossed in the record, and read aloud, it is then sealed up, in terms of the regulations 1672, No. 9, and deposited with the clerk of Court, never to be opened again but by order of the judges. The verdict, when in writing, is authenticated by the subscriptions of the '''chancellor''' and clerk of the jury, and accompanied with a list of the names of the jurors, and a state of the vote of each individual, "whether condemning or assoilzieing;" ''Regulations'' 1672, No. 9.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=Geo[rge] Dingwall Fordyce (reporter); James Paterson (reporter); William Gillies Tytler (reporter); {{w|Frederick Hallard}} (reporter)|title={{smallcaps|James Mackenzie}}, ''Pursuer, v.'' {{smallcaps|Dunlop, Wilson}} and Co., ''Defenders.''|journal=Reports of Cases Decided in the Supreme Courts of Scotland, and in the House of Lords on Appeal from Scotland,{{nb...| {{...}} Being a Continuation of The Scottish Jurist.}}|location=Edinburgh|publisher=M. Anderson and Co.,{{nb...|Law-printers, North Hanover Street.}}|date=16 July 1853|volume=XXV|page=558|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=zf5CAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA558|column=2|oclc=|passage=[T]he pursuer moved the Court "for a rule to shew cause why this case should not be ordered to be tried, in respect that the verdict as it appears on the notes of the Judge furnished to the parties, was not declared by the '''chancellor''' or foreman of the jury in open Court, and taken down by the clerk of the said Court before the jury was discharged."}}
# {{lb|en|US|law}} The [[chief#Adjective|chief]] [[judge#Noun|judge]] of a [[court#Noun|court]] of [[chancery]] (that is, one [[exercise#Verb|exercising]] [[equity]] [[jurisdiction]]).
#* {{quote-book|en|chapter=Virginia State Law and Regulations|editor=[[w:William Griffith (New Jersey attorney)|William Griffith]]|title=Annual Law Register of the United States|location=Burlington, N.J.|publisher=David Allinson|year=1821–1822|year_published=1822|volume=III|section=paragraph VI (The “Superiour Courts of Chancery”)|page=321|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=RCtOAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA321|column=1|oclc=639956272|passage=The state [of Virginia, USA] is divided into 9 chancery districts, in each of which a ''superiour court of chancery'' is held. There are 4 '''chancellors'''.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=w:John Bouvier|entry=CHANCERY|title=[[w:Bouvier's Law Dictionary|A Law Dictionary, Adapted to the Constitution and Laws of the United States of America,{{nb...|and of the Several States of the American Union: With References to the Civil and Other Systems of Foreign Law. To which is Added Kelham’s Dictionary of the Norman and Old French Language.}}]]|edition=11th|location=Philadelphia, Pa.|publisher=[[w:George William Childs|George W[illiam] Childs]],{{nb...|628 & 630 Chestnut St.}}|year=1864|volume=I|section=paragraph 3|page=219|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=YOVRAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA219|column=2|oclc=680529889|passage=In some of the states, as New York, Virginia, and South Carolina, the equity court is a distinct tribunal, having its appropriate judge, or '''chancellor''', and officers.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|chapter=John Blair: Appointment as Associate Justice in 1789|editors=w:Maeva Marcus; James R. Perry|title=The Documentary History of the Supreme Court of the United States, 1789–1800|location=New York, N.Y.|publisher=w:Columbia University Press|year=1985|volume=1, part 1 (Appointments and Proceedings)|page=54|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=gpmvcaCIukcC&pg=PA54|isbn=978-0-231-08867-1|passage=[[w:John Blair Jr.|[John] Blair [Jr.]]] began his long judicial career when the state legislature—following the establishment of Virginia's judicial department in October, 1777—elected him one of five judges of the newly organized General Court. By 1779 he had become chief justice of that court, and, in November, 1780, he became '''chancellor''' of the three-member High Court of Chancery.}}

====Alternative forms====
* {{l|en|chanceler}}, {{l|en|chanceller}}, {{l|en|chancellour}}, {{l|en|chancelor}}, {{l|en|chancelour}}, {{l|en|chaunceler}}, {{l|en|chaunceller}}, {{l|en|chauncellor}}, {{l|en|chauncellour}}, {{l|en|chauncelor}}, {{l|en|chauncelour}} {{qualifier|all obsolete}}

====Coordinate terms====
* {{sense|head of a university}} {{l|en|master}}, {{l|en|mistress}}, {{l|en|president}}, {{l|en|principal}}, {{l|en|provost}}, {{l|en|rector}}
* {{sense|head of government in some German-speaking countries}} {{l|en|premier}}, {{l|en|prime minister}}

====Derived terms====
{{col-auto|en|ex-chancellor|underchancellor
|archchancellor
|Chancellor
|chancelloress
|Chancellor of the Exchequer
|chancellorship
|Lord Chancellor
|secret chancellor
|vice-chancellor
}}

====Related terms====
* {{l|en|cancellarial}}, {{l|en|cancellarian}}
* {{l|en|chancel}}
* {{l|en|chancellery}}, {{l|en|chancellory}}
* {{l|en|chancery}}

====Translations====
{{trans-top|senior secretary or official with administrative or legal duties, sometimes in charge of some area of government}}
* Arabic: {{t|ar|مُسْتَشَار|m}}, {{t|ar|مُسْتَشَارَة|f}}
* Armenian: {{t+|hy|կանցլեր}}
* Bulgarian: {{t|bg|ка́нцлер|m}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|canceller|m}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t-needed|cmn}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|kancléř|m}}
* Danish: {{t|da|kansler|c}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|kanselier}}
* Esperanto: {{t|eo|kanceliero}}
* Faroese: {{t|fo|kanslari|m}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|kansleri}}, {{t+|fi|kansliapäällikkö}}
* French: {{t+|fr|chancelier|m}}, {{t+|fr|chancelière|f}}
* German: {{t+|de|Kanzler|m}}, {{t+|de|Kanzlerin|f}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|καγκελάριος|m}}, {{t+|el|πρωτοσύγκελλος|m}} {{qualifier|of the church}}
* Hindi: {{t+|hi|चांसलर|m}}, {{t+|hi|चैंसेलर|m}}
* Icelandic: {{t+|is|kanslari}}
* Indonesian: {{t+|id|kanselir}}
* Irish: {{t|ga|seansailéir|m}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|cancelliere}}
* Latin: {{t|la|cancellārius|m}}
* Malay: {{t|ms|canselor}}
* Manx: {{t|gv|cormeyder|m}}
* Norwegian:
*: Bokmål: {{t|nb|kansler|m}}
* Old English: {{t|ang|canceler}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|chanceler}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|cancelar|m}}, {{t|ro|cancelară|f}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|ка́нцлер|m}} {{qualifier|male or female}}
* Scottish Gaelic: {{t|gd|seansalair|m}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|canciller}}
* Swahili: {{t|sw|kansela}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|kansler|c}}
* Tigrinya: {{t|ti|ቻንስለር}}
* Ukrainian: {{t|uk|ка́нцлер|m}}, {{t|uk|ка́нцлерка|f}}
* Welsh: {{t|cy|canghellor|m}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|head of government in some German-speaking countries}}
* Albanian: {{t+|sq|kancelar|m}}
* Arabic: {{t|ar|مُسْتَشَار|m}}, {{t|ar|مُسْتَشَارَة|f}}
* Armenian: {{t+|hy|կանցլեր}}
* Azerbaijani: {{t|az|kansler}}
* Belarusian: {{t|be|ка́нцлер|m}}, {{t|be|ка́нцлерка|f}}
* Bengali: {{t+|bn|চ্যান্সেলর}}
* Bulgarian: {{t|bg|ка́нцлер|m}}, {{t|bg|ка́нцлерка|f}}
* Burmese: {{t+|my|အဓိပတိ}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|canceller|m}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|大臣|tr=dàchén}}, {{t+|cmn|總理|tr=zǒnglǐ}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|kancléř|m}}, {{t+|cs|kancléřka|f}}
* Danish: {{t|da|kansler|c}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|kanselier|m}}
* Esperanto: {{t|eo|kanceliero}}
* Estonian: {{t+|et|kantsler}}
* Faroese: {{t|fo|kanslari|m}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|kansleri}}
* French: {{t+|fr|chancelier|m}}, {{t+|fr|chancelière|f}}
* Galician: {{t+|gl|chanceler|m}}
* Georgian: {{t|ka|კანცლერი}}
* German: {{t+|de|Bundeskanzler|m}}, {{t+|de|Bundeskanzlerin|f}}, {{t+|de|Kanzler|m}}, {{t+|de|Kanzlerin|f}}, {{t+|de|Reichskanzler|m}}, {{t+|de|Reichskanzlerin|f}} {{qualifier|historical}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|καγκελάριος|m|f}}
* Hebrew: {{t|he|קַנְצְלֶר|m|tr=kántsler}}
* Hindi: {{t+|hi|चैंसेलर|m}}, {{t+|hi|चांसलर|m}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|kancellár}}
* Icelandic: {{t+|is|kanslari|m}}
* Ido: {{t+|io|kancelero}}
* Indonesian: {{t+|id|kanselir}}
* Irish: {{t|ga|seansailéir|m}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|cancelliere|m}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|首相|tr=しゅしょう, shushō}}, {{t+|ja|宰相|tr=さいしょう, saishō}}
* Kazakh: {{t|kk|канцлер}}
* Khmer: {{t+|km|អធិការបតី}}
* Korean: {{t+|ko|수상(首相)}}, {{t+|ko|재상(宰相)}}
* Kyrgyz: {{t+|ky|канцлер}}
* Latvian: {{t|lv|kanclers|m}}
* Lithuanian: {{t|lt|kancleris|m}}
* Macedonian: {{t|mk|канцела́р|m}}, {{t|mk|канцела́рка|f}}
* Malay: {{t|ms|canselor}}
* Manx: {{t|gv|cormeyder|m}}
* Marathi: {{t|mr|चांसेलर|m}}
* Mongolian:
*: Cyrillic: {{t+|mn|канцлер}}
*: Mongolian: {{t|mn|ᠻᠠᠨᠴᠯᠧᠷ}}
* Norwegian:
*: Bokmål: {{t|nb|kansler|m}}
* Persian: {{t+|fa|صدراعظم|tr=sadr-e-a'zam}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|kanclerz|m}}, {{t|pl|kanclerka|f}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|chanceler|m|f}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|cancelar|m}}, {{t|ro|cancelară|f}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|ка́нцлер|m}} {{qualifier|male or female}}
* Scottish Gaelic: {{t|gd|seansalair|m}}
* Serbo-Croatian:
*: Cyrillic: {{t|sh|канцѐла̄р|m}}
*: Roman: {{t+|sh|kancèlār|m}}
* Slovak: {{t|sk|kancelár|m}}, {{t|sk|kancelárka|f}}
* Slovene: {{t|sl|kancler|m}}, {{t|sl|kanclerka|f}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|canciller}}
* Swahili: {{t|sw|kansela}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|förbundskansler|c}}
* Tajik: {{t|tg|канслер}}
* Thai: {{t+|th|นายกรัฐมนตรี|m}}
* Tigrinya: {{t|ti|ቻንስለር}}
* Turkish: {{t+|tr|şansölye}}
* Turkmen: {{t|tk|kansler}}
* Ukrainian: {{t|uk|ка́нцлер|m}}, {{t|uk|ка́нцлерка|f}}
* Urdu: {{t|ur|چانسلر|m|tr=cānslar}}
* Uzbek: {{t+|uz|kansler}}
* Vietnamese: {{t+|vi|tể tướng}}, {{t+|vi|thủ tướng}}
* Welsh: {{t|cy|canghellor}}
* Yiddish: {{t|yi|קאַנצלער|m}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|senior record keeper of a cathedral; senior legal officer for a bishop or diocese}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t-needed|cmn}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|kansliapäällikkö}}; {{t+|fi|kansleri}} {{qualifier|historical}}
* Khmer: {{t|km|លោកអធិការ}}, {{t+|km|ចៅអធិការ}}
* Russian: {{t-needed|ru}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|head of a university}}
* Armenian: {{t+|hy|ռեկտոր}}
* Belarusian: {{t|be|рэ́ктар|m}}
* Bengali: {{t+|bn|মুহতামিম}}
* Bulgarian: {{t|bg|ре́ктор|m}}
* Burmese: {{t+|my|အဓိပတိ}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t-needed|cmn}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|rektor|m}}, {{t|cs|rektorka|f}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|kansleri}}
* German: {{t+|de|Kanzler|m}} {{qualifier|administration manager}}, {{t+|de|Dekan|m}} {{qualifier|faculty manager}}
* Hindi: {{t+|hi|चांसलर|m}}, {{t+|hi|चैंसेलर|m}}
* Indonesian: {{t+|id|kanselir}}
* Irish: {{t|ga|seansailéir|m}}
* Khmer: {{t|km|សាកលវិទ្យាធិការ}}
* Manx: {{t|gv|cormeyder|m}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|ре́ктор|m}} {{qualifier|male or female}}
* Scottish Gaelic: {{t|gd|seansalair|m}}
* Swahili: {{t|sw|kansela}}
* Ukrainian: {{t|uk|ре́ктор|m}}
* Welsh: {{t|cy|canghellor|m}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-see|''short for'' Chancellor of the Exchequer|Chancellor of the Exchequer}}

{{trans-top|foreman of a jury}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t-needed|cmn}}
* Finnish: {{t|fi|[[lautamiesten]] [[puheenjohtaja]]}}
* French: {{t|fr|contremaître de jury|m}}
* Russian: {{t|ru|старшина присяжных|m}} {{qualifier|male or female}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|chief judge of a court of chancery}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t-needed|cmn}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|tuomari}}
* Russian: {{t-needed|ru}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===Notes===
<references group="n"/>

===References===
<references />

===Further reading===
* {{pedia}}
* {{R:Century 1911}}
* {{R:Webster 1913}}
* {{R:OneLook}}
* {{R:DSL}}

{{cln|en|terms suffixed with -or}}
{{C|en|Government|Occupations|People|Heads of state}}