-tar: difference between revisions

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Browse history interactively
← Go to previous editGo to next edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
m reorder headers according to WT:ELE
GabMarquetto (talk | contribs)
19,409 edits
No edit summary
(32 intermediate revisions by 16 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{also|tar|Tar|TAR|tár|tår|tar-|-tär|Appendix:Variations of "tar"}}
{{also|Appendix:Variations of "tar"}}
==Albanian==

===Etymology===
{{rfe|sq}}

Similar usage to {{ncog|la|-tor}}.

===Suffix===
{{head|sq|suffix|g=m|indefinite plural||f1alt=-tarë|definite singular||f2alt=-tari|feminine equivalent|-tare}}

# {{ng|forms [[agent noun]]s.}} [[-er]]
#: {{syn|sq|-ës|-tor}}
#: {{sufex|sq|ar|t1=gold|ar'''tar'''|t2=gold'''smith'''}}
#: {{sufex|sq|shkencë|t1=science|shkencë'''tar'''|t2=scient'''ist'''}}
#: {{sufex|sq|gjellë|t1=food|gjellë'''tar'''|t2=cook}}
#: {{sufex|sq|shqip|t1=Albanian|pos1=a|shqip'''tar'''|t2=an Albanian|pos2=n}}
# {{ng|forms [[relational adjective]]s.}} [[-al]]
#: {{syn|sq|-ik}}
#: {{sufex|sq|komb|t1=nation|kombë'''tar'''|t2=nation'''al'''}}
#: {{sufex|sq|qeveri|t1=government|qeveri'''tar'''|t2=government'''al'''}}
#: {{sufex|sq|shqip|t1=Albanian|pos1=a|shqip'''tar'''|t2=Albanian|pos2=a}}

====Derived terms====
{{suffixsee|sq}}

==Basque==

===Alternative forms===
* {{alter|eu|-dar|-tiar|-ar|-liar}}

===Suffix===
{{head|eu|suffix}}

# {{non-gloss definition|Used to create adjectives and nouns that denote [[demonym]]s.}}

====Derived terms====
{{suffixsee|eu}}

==Estonian==
==Estonian==


===Etymology===
===Etymology===
Cognate to {{cog|fi|-tar}}.
Clipped from the ending of {{m|et|tütar}}. Cognate to {{cog|fi|-tar}}.


===Suffix===
===Suffix===
Line 20: Line 58:
====Derived terms====
====Derived terms====
{{suffixsee|et}}
{{suffixsee|et}}

----


==Finnish==
==Finnish==


===Etymology===
===Etymology===
Supposedly clipped from {{m|fi|tytär||daughter}} and then adapted to [[vowel harmony]].
Clipped from {{m|fi|tytär||daughter}} and then adapted to [[vowel harmony]].<ref>{{R:fi:SKRK}}</ref><ref name="isk192">{{R:fi:ISK|192|''tAr''-sanojen muoto ja merkitys}}</ref>


===Suffix===
===Suffix===
Line 32: Line 68:


# {{non-gloss definition|Forms the female counterpart of nouns indicating a person.}}
# {{non-gloss definition|Forms the female counterpart of nouns indicating a person.}}
#: ''[[kuningas]]'' king → ''[[kuningatar]]'' queen
#: {{sufex|fi|kuningas|t1=king|kuningatar|t2=queen}}
#: ''[[näyttelijä]]'' actor → ''[[näyttelijätär]]'' actress
#: {{sufex|fi|näyttelijä|t1=actor|näyttelijätär|t2=actress}}
#: ''[[saksalainen]]'' German → ''[[saksatar]]'' a German female
#: {{sufex|fi|Saksa|t1=Germany|saksatar|t2=a German female}}


====Usage notes====
====Usage notes====
Line 41: Line 77:
* With words ending in {{m|fi|-lainen}}, {{m|fi||-tar}} is appended to the stem not including {{m|fi||-lainen}}.
* With words ending in {{m|fi|-lainen}}, {{m|fi||-tar}} is appended to the stem not including {{m|fi||-lainen}}.
* Nowadays it's uncommon and old fashioned to use the female forms of professions.
* Nowadays it's uncommon and old fashioned to use the female forms of professions.
* Historically surnames ending in {{m|fi||-nen}} had female forms, e.g. if a man had {{m|fi|Leinonen}} as his surname, his wife would have been {{m|fi||Leinotar}} instead.<ref name="isk192" />


====Declension====
====Declension====
Line 49: Line 86:


====Related terms====
====Related terms====
* {{l|fi|-tär}} {{qualifier|back vowel variant}}
* {{l|fi|-tär}} {{qualifier|front vowel variant}}


===References===
----
<references />


==Greenlandic==
==Greenlandic==


===Affix===
===Pronunciation===
{{kl-affix|v-v|add|VsV=yes}}
* {{kl-IPA}}

===Suffix===
{{kl-suffix|v-v|add|VsV=yes}}


# {{ngd|Signifies habitual behaviour.}}
# {{ngd|Signifies habitual behaviour.}}
#: {{m|kl|atuarpoq||attends school (once)}} -> {{m|kl|atuartarpoq||attends school (is a student)}}
#: {{m|kl|atuarpoq||attends school (once)}} -> {{m|kl|atuartarpoq||attends school (is a student)}}
#* {{quote-journal|kl|year=1992|titleurl=http://timarit.is/view_page_init.jsp?issId=269791&pageId=3833037&lang=da|title=Usuni kipigaa|journal=Atuagagdliutit
|passage=Nammineq tissassarluni [[inerpoq|iner]][[-sinnaa|sinnaa]][[-nngit|nngin]][[-ner|ner]]luni [[anisooq|anisuua]][[-lu|lu]] [[qanoq ililluni]] [[anivoq|ani]][[-tar|sa]][[-ssa|ssa]]va?
|translation=I wonder if he will be unable to stimulate himself to an orgasm, and how will the semen leave?}}


====Usage notes====
====Usage notes====
Line 71: Line 115:
* {{R:Katersat|2784|dm=yes}}
* {{R:Katersat|2784|dm=yes}}
* {{R:VGG|page=75}}
* {{R:VGG|page=75}}

==Irish==

===Alternative forms===
* {{l|ga|-tear}} {{qualifier|slender form}}

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|ga|/t̪ˠəɾˠ/}}

===Suffix===
{{ga-suffix|i}}

# {{n-g|Autonomous ending of first conjugation verbs in the present tense, present subjunctive mood, and conditional mood}}

Revision as of 04:10, 15 February 2024

See also: Appendix:Variations of "tar"

Albanian

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Similar usage to Latin -tor.

Suffix

-tar m (indefinite plural -tarë, definite singular -tari, feminine equivalent -tare)

  1. forms agent nouns. -er
    Synonyms: -ës, -tor
    ‎ar (“gold”) + ‎-tar → ‎artar (“goldsmith”)
    ‎shkencë (“science”) + ‎-tar → ‎shkencëtar (“scientist”)
    ‎gjellë (“food”) + ‎-tar → ‎gjellëtar (“cook”)
    ‎shqip (“Albanian”, adjective) + ‎-tar → ‎shqiptar (“an Albanian”, noun)
  2. forms relational adjectives. -al
    Synonym: -ik
    ‎komb (“nation”) + ‎-tar → ‎kombëtar (“national”)
    ‎qeveri (“government”) + ‎-tar → ‎qeveritar (“governmental”)
    ‎shqip (“Albanian”, adjective) + ‎-tar → ‎shqiptar (“Albanian”, adjective)

Derived terms

Albanian terms suffixed with -tar

Basque

Alternative forms

Suffix

-tar

  1. Used to create adjectives and nouns that denote demonyms.

Derived terms

Basque terms suffixed with -tar

Estonian

Etymology

Clipped from the ending of tütar. Cognate to Finnish -tar.

Suffix

-tar (genitive -tari, partitive -tari)

  1. Forms feminine agent or occupational nouns
    kaunis "beautiful" → kaunitar "beautiful woman"
    laulja "singer" → lauljatar "female singer"

Declension

Declension of -tar (ÕS type 19/seminar, no gradation)
singular plural
nominative -tar -tarid
accusative nom.
gen. -tari
genitive -taride
partitive -tari -tare
-tarisid
illative -tari
-tarisse 		-taridesse
-taresse
inessive -taris -tarides
-tares
elative -tarist -taridest
-tarest
allative -tarile -taridele
-tarele
adessive -taril -taridel
-tarel
ablative -tarilt -taridelt
-tarelt
translative -tariks -tarideks
-tareks
terminative -tarini -tarideni
essive -tarina -taridena
abessive -tarita -tarideta
comitative -tariga -taridega

Synonyms

  • -nna (in some cases)

Derived terms

Estonian terms suffixed with -tar

Finnish

Etymology

Clipped from tytär (“daughter”) and then adapted to vowel harmony.[1][2]

Suffix

-tar (front vowel harmony variant -tär, linguistic notation -tAr)

  1. Forms the female counterpart of nouns indicating a person.
    ‎kuningas (“king”) + ‎-tar → ‎kuningatar (“queen”)
    ‎näyttelijä (“actor”) + ‎-tar → ‎näyttelijätär (“actress”)
    ‎Saksa (“Germany”) + ‎-tar → ‎saksatar (“a German female”)

Usage notes

  • This is a nominal suffix, i.e. attached to nouns.
  • The suffix is appended to the weak stem.
  • With words ending in -lainen, -tar is appended to the stem not including -lainen.
  • Nowadays it's uncommon and old fashioned to use the female forms of professions.
  • Historically surnames ending in -nen had female forms, e.g. if a man had Leinonen as his surname, his wife would have been Leinotar instead.[2]

Declension

Inflection of -tar (Kotus type 32*C/sisar, tt-t gradation)
nominative -tar -ttaret
genitive -ttaren -ttarien
-tarten
partitive -tarta -ttaria
illative -ttareen -ttariin
singular plural
nominative -tar -ttaret
accusative nom. -tar -ttaret
gen. -ttaren
genitive -ttaren -ttarien
-tarten
partitive -tarta -ttaria
inessive -ttaressa -ttarissa
elative -ttaresta -ttarista
illative -ttareen -ttariin
adessive -ttarella -ttarilla
ablative -ttarelta -ttarilta
allative -ttarelle -ttarille
essive -ttarena -ttarina
translative -ttareksi -ttariksi
abessive -ttaretta -ttaritta
instructive — -ttarin
comitative See the possessive forms below.
Possessive forms of -tar (Kotus type 32*C/sisar, tt-t gradation)
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative -ttareni -ttareni
accusative nom. -ttareni -ttareni
gen. -ttareni
genitive -ttareni -ttarieni
-tarteni
partitive -tartani -ttariani
inessive -ttaressani -ttarissani
elative -ttarestani -ttaristani
illative -ttareeni -ttariini
adessive -ttarellani -ttarillani
ablative -ttareltani -ttariltani
allative -ttarelleni -ttarilleni
essive -ttarenani -ttarinani
translative -ttarekseni -ttarikseni
abessive -ttarettani -ttarittani
instructive — —
comitative — -ttarineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative -ttaresi -ttaresi
accusative nom. -ttaresi -ttaresi
gen. -ttaresi
genitive -ttaresi -ttariesi
-tartesi
partitive -tartasi -ttariasi
inessive -ttaressasi -ttarissasi
elative -ttarestasi -ttaristasi
illative -ttareesi -ttariisi
adessive -ttarellasi -ttarillasi
ablative -ttareltasi -ttariltasi
allative -ttarellesi -ttarillesi
essive -ttarenasi -ttarinasi
translative -ttareksesi -ttariksesi
abessive -ttarettasi -ttarittasi
instructive — —
comitative — -ttarinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative -ttaremme -ttaremme
accusative nom. -ttaremme -ttaremme
gen. -ttaremme
genitive -ttaremme -ttariemme
-tartemme
partitive -tartamme -ttariamme
inessive -ttaressamme -ttarissamme
elative -ttarestamme -ttaristamme
illative -ttareemme -ttariimme
adessive -ttarellamme -ttarillamme
ablative -ttareltamme -ttariltamme
allative -ttarellemme -ttarillemme
essive -ttarenamme -ttarinamme
translative -ttareksemme -ttariksemme
abessive -ttarettamme -ttarittamme
instructive — —
comitative — -ttarinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative -ttarenne -ttarenne
accusative nom. -ttarenne -ttarenne
gen. -ttarenne
genitive -ttarenne -ttarienne
-tartenne
partitive -tartanne -ttarianne
inessive -ttaressanne -ttarissanne
elative -ttarestanne -ttaristanne
illative -ttareenne -ttariinne
adessive -ttarellanne -ttarillanne
ablative -ttareltanne -ttariltanne
allative -ttarellenne -ttarillenne
essive -ttarenanne -ttarinanne
translative -ttareksenne -ttariksenne
abessive -ttarettanne -ttarittanne
instructive — —
comitative — -ttarinenne
third-person possessor
singular plural
nominative -ttarensa -ttarensa
accusative nom. -ttarensa -ttarensa
gen. -ttarensa
genitive -ttarensa -ttariensa
-tartensa
partitive -tartaan
-tartansa 		-ttariaan
-ttariansa
inessive -ttaressaan
-ttaressansa 		-ttarissaan
-ttarissansa
elative -ttarestaan
-ttarestansa 		-ttaristaan
-ttaristansa
illative -ttareensa -ttariinsa
adessive -ttarellaan
-ttarellansa 		-ttarillaan
-ttarillansa
ablative -ttareltaan
-ttareltansa 		-ttariltaan
-ttariltansa
allative -ttarelleen
-ttarellensa 		-ttarilleen
-ttarillensa
essive -ttarenaan
-ttarenansa 		-ttarinaan
-ttarinansa
translative -ttarekseen
-ttareksensa 		-ttarikseen
-ttariksensa
abessive -ttarettaan
-ttarettansa 		-ttarittaan
-ttarittansa
instructive — —
comitative — -ttarineen
-ttarinensa

Derived terms

Finnish terms suffixed with -tar
  • -tär (front vowel variant)

References

  1. ^ Hakulinen, Lauri. 1941–2000. Suomen kielen rakenne ja kehitys ('The Structure and Development of the Finnish Language'). Helsinki: Otava/Helsingin yliopisto.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Auli Hakulinen with Maria Vilkuna, Riitta Korhonen, Vesa Koivisto, Tarja Riitta Heinonen, and Irja Alho (2004) “§ 192 tAr-sanojen muoto ja merkitys”, in Iso suomen kielioppi‎[1], Helsinki: Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura, →ISBN

Greenlandic

Pronunciation

Suffix

-tar (v-v?, additive?, VTV → VsV?)

  1. Signifies habitual behaviour.
    atuarpoq (“attends school (once)”) -> atuartarpoq (“attends school (is a student)”)

Usage notes

Was formerly sometimes truncative.

Derived terms

Greenlandic terms suffixed with -tar

References

Irish

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Suffix

-tar

  1. Autonomous ending of first conjugation verbs in the present tense, present subjunctive mood, and conditional mood
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=-tar&oldid=78105739"