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===Etymology===
===Etymology===
{{inh+|fr|frm|plaire}}, from {{inh|fr|fro|plaire}}, from {{m|fro|plaisir}}, from {{inh|fr|la|placeo|placēre}}. The {{l|fr|plaisir|original infinitive}} now became a noun, and the infinitive ending was changed to ''-aire'' by analogy with the future and conditional forms in ''plair-''. The future stem came from Latin pluperfect stem ''placuer-'' ({{m|la|placueram}}, {{m|la|placuerās}}, ...); some other verbs also use the pluperfect stem for their future stems (but not in the case of pluperfect forms containing ''-s-'' or ''-x-''), for example {{m|fr|tenir}}, {{m|fr|tiendrai}} (if using the infinitive form, it results on expected ''*tenirai'' < {{m|ML.|tenio|tenī́re}} {{m|la|habeō|hábeō}}), see also [[Appendix:French verbs#Origins]].
From {{inh|fr|frm|plaire}}, from {{inh|fr|fro|plaire}}, either from {{m|fro|plaisir}}, from {{inh|fr|la|placēre}}, present active infinitive of {{m|la|placeō}}, or alternatively derived from {{m|fr|plaît}}, from {{m|fro|plaisir}}.


===Pronunciation===
===Pronunciation===
* {{fr-IPA}}
* {{fr-IPA}}
* {{audio|fr|Fr-plaire.ogg|audio}}
* {{audio|fr|Fr-plaire.ogg}}


===Verb===
===Verb===
{{fr-verb}}
{{fr-verb}}


# {{lb|fr|intransitive}} (''followed by'' '''[[à]]''' ''or preceded by an indirect object'') to [[please]] (''usually translated into English as'' '''like''' ''with exchange of the subject and object'')
# {{lb|fr|intransitive|with indirect object}} to [[please]], to [[appeal]] to (''usually translated into English as'' '''like''' ''with exchange of subject and object'')
#: {{ux|fr|Cet homme me '''plaît'''|I fancy that man|inline=1|lit=That man pleases me}}
#: {{uxi|fr|Cet homme me '''plait'''|I like/fancy that man.|lit=That man appeals to me.}}
#: {{ux|fr|Cette robe me '''plaît'''|I like this dress|inline=1}}
#: {{uxi|fr|Cette robe me '''plait'''.|I like this dress.}}
# {{lb|fr|reflexive}} to [[enjoy]] (oneself)
# {{lb|fr|reflexive}} to [[enjoy]] (oneself)
#: {{ux|fr|Je me suis '''plu''' à Paris.|I liked it in Paris.|inline=1}}
#: {{uxi|fr|Je me suis '''plu''' à Paris.|I liked it in Paris.}}


====Conjugation====
====Conjugation====
{{fr-conj-auto}}
{{fr-conj-auto}}
{{fr-conj-auto|se plaire}}
{{fr-conj-auto|refl=y}}


====Related terms====
====Derived terms====
* {{l|fr|à Dieu ne plaise}}
* {{l|fr|plaisance}}
* {{l|fr|plaisance}}
* {{l|fr|plaisir}}
* {{l|fr|plaisir}}
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===Further reading===
===Further reading===
* {{R:TLFi}}
* {{R:fr:TLFi}}


===Anagrams===
===Anagrams===
* {{l|fr|palier}}, {{l|fr|pareil}}, {{l|fr|pilera}}, {{l|fr|pliera}}, {{l|fr|replia}}
* {{l|fr|palier}}, {{l|fr|pareil}}, {{l|fr|pilera}}, {{l|fr|pliera}}, {{l|fr|replia}}


[[Category:French subjunctive-subordinating terms]]
{{cln|fr|subjunctive-subordinating terms}}

----


==Middle French==
==Middle French==
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* {{desc|fr|plaire}}
* {{desc|fr|plaire}}


==Occitan==
----

===Etymology===
From a variant of {{inh|oc|pro|plazer}} (probably reformed by analogy from conjugated forms; compare French {{m|fr|plaire}} vs. {{m|fr|plaisir}}, and Catalan {{m|ca|plaure}} vs. {{m|ca|plaer}}), from {{inh|oc|la|placeo|placeō, placēre|to please}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{audio|oc|LL-Q942602-Davidgrosclaude-plaire.wav|a=Languedocien}}

===Verb===
{{oc-verb}} {{lb|oc|Languedoc}}

# to [[please]]
#: {{syn|oc|agradar}}

====Dialectal variants====
* {{l|oc|plàser}} (''[[Gascony]]'')
* {{l|oc|plàder}} (''[[Gascony]]'')
* {{l|oc|har gai}} (''[[Gascony]]'')

====Antonyms====
* {{l|oc|desplaire}}
* {{l|oc|desagradar}}
* {{l|oc|desplàser}}

====Related terms====
* {{l|oc|plaser||pleasure}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:DGLO|500}}


==Old French==
==Old French==

Latest revision as of 20:58, 13 July 2024

French

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Inherited from Middle French plaire, from Old French plaire, from plaisir, from Latin placēre. The original infinitive now became a noun, and the infinitive ending was changed to -aire by analogy with the future and conditional forms in plair-. The future stem came from Latin pluperfect stem placuer- (placueram, placuerās, ...); some other verbs also use the pluperfect stem for their future stems (but not in the case of pluperfect forms containing -s- or -x-), for example tenir, tiendrai (if using the infinitive form, it results on expected *tenirai < tenī́re hábeō), see also Appendix:French verbs#Origins.

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • IPA(key): /plɛʁ/
  • Audio:(file)

Verb

[edit]

plaire

  1. (intransitive, with indirect object) to please, to appeal to (usually translated into English as like with exchange of subject and object)
    Cet homme me plait ― I like/fancy that man. (literally, “That man appeals to me.”)
    Cette robe me plait. ― I like this dress.
  2. (reflexive) to enjoy (oneself)
    Je me suis plu à Paris. ― I liked it in Paris.

Conjugation

[edit]

plaire and its derived verbs conjugate like taire, except that the third person singular of the present indicative may take a circumflex on the 'i'.

Conjugation of plaire (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple plaire
compound avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple plaisant
/plɛ.zɑ̃/ or /ple.zɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
past participle plu
/ply/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses) 		present plais
/plɛ/ 		plais
/plɛ/ 		plaît or plait
/plɛ/ 		plaisons
/plɛ.zɔ̃/ or /ple.zɔ̃/ 		plaisez
/plɛ.ze/ or /ple.ze/ 		plaisent
/plɛz/
imperfect plaisais
/plɛ.zɛ/ or /ple.zɛ/ 		plaisais
/plɛ.zɛ/ or /ple.zɛ/ 		plaisait
/plɛ.zɛ/ or /ple.zɛ/ 		plaisions
/plɛ.zjɔ̃/ or /ple.zjɔ̃/ 		plaisiez
/plɛ.zje/ or /ple.zje/ 		plaisaient
/plɛ.zɛ/ or /ple.zɛ/
past historic2 plus
/ply/ 		plus
/ply/ 		plut
/ply/ 		plûmes
/plym/ 		plûtes
/plyt/ 		plurent
/plyʁ/
future plairai
/plɛ.ʁe/ or /ple.ʁe/ 		plairas
/plɛ.ʁa/ or /ple.ʁa/ 		plaira
/plɛ.ʁa/ or /ple.ʁa/ 		plairons
/plɛ.ʁɔ̃/ or /ple.ʁɔ̃/ 		plairez
/plɛ.ʁe/ or /ple.ʁe/ 		plairont
/plɛ.ʁɔ̃/ or /ple.ʁɔ̃/
conditional plairais
/plɛ.ʁɛ/ or /ple.ʁɛ/ 		plairais
/plɛ.ʁɛ/ or /ple.ʁɛ/ 		plairait
/plɛ.ʁɛ/ or /ple.ʁɛ/ 		plairions
/plɛ.ʁjɔ̃/ or /ple.ʁjɔ̃/ 		plairiez
/plɛ.ʁje/ or /ple.ʁje/ 		plairaient
/plɛ.ʁɛ/ or /ple.ʁɛ/
(compound
tenses) 		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses) 		present plaise
/plɛz/ 		plaises
/plɛz/ 		plaise
/plɛz/ 		plaisions
/plɛ.zjɔ̃/ or /ple.zjɔ̃/ 		plaisiez
/plɛ.zje/ or /ple.zje/ 		plaisent
/plɛz/
imperfect2 plusse
/plys/ 		plusses
/plys/ 		plût
/ply/ 		plussions
/ply.sjɔ̃/ 		plussiez
/ply.sje/ 		plussent
/plys/
(compound
tenses) 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — plais
/plɛ/ 		— plaisons
/plɛ.zɔ̃/ or /ple.zɔ̃/ 		plaisez
/plɛ.ze/ or /ple.ze/ 		—
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

plaire and its derived verbs conjugate like taire, except that the third person singular of the present indicative may take a circumflex on the 'i'.

Conjugation of se plaire (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple se plaire
compound s'être + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple se plaisant
/sə plɛ.zɑ̃/ or /sə ple.zɑ̃/
compound ayant or étant + past participle
past participle plu
/ply/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses) 		present me plais
/mə plɛ/ 		te plais
/tə plɛ/ 		se plaît or se plait
/sə plɛ/ 		nous plaisons
/nu plɛ.zɔ̃/ or /nu ple.zɔ̃/ 		vous plaisez
/vu plɛ.ze/ or /vu ple.ze/ 		se plaisent
/sə plɛz/
imperfect me plaisais
/mə plɛ.zɛ/ or /mə ple.zɛ/ 		te plaisais
/tə plɛ.zɛ/ or /tə ple.zɛ/ 		se plaisait
/sə plɛ.zɛ/ or /sə ple.zɛ/ 		nous plaisions
/nu plɛ.zjɔ̃/ or /nu ple.zjɔ̃/ 		vous plaisiez
/vu plɛ.zje/ or /vu ple.zje/ 		se plaisaient
/sə plɛ.zɛ/ or /sə ple.zɛ/
past historic2 me plus
/mə ply/ 		te plus
/tə ply/ 		se plut
/sə ply/ 		nous plûmes
/nu plym/ 		vous plûtes
/vu plyt/ 		se plurent
/sə plyʁ/
future me plairai
/mə plɛ.ʁe/ or /mə ple.ʁe/ 		te plairas
/tə plɛ.ʁa/ or /tə ple.ʁa/ 		se plaira
/sə plɛ.ʁa/ or /sə ple.ʁa/ 		nous plairons
/nu plɛ.ʁɔ̃/ or /nu ple.ʁɔ̃/ 		vous plairez
/vu plɛ.ʁe/ or /vu ple.ʁe/ 		se plairont
/sə plɛ.ʁɔ̃/ or /sə ple.ʁɔ̃/
conditional me plairais
/mə plɛ.ʁɛ/ or /mə ple.ʁɛ/ 		te plairais
/tə plɛ.ʁɛ/ or /tə ple.ʁɛ/ 		se plairait
/sə plɛ.ʁɛ/ or /sə ple.ʁɛ/ 		nous plairions
/nu plɛ.ʁjɔ̃/ or /nu ple.ʁjɔ̃/ 		vous plairiez
/vu plɛ.ʁje/ or /vu ple.ʁje/ 		se plairaient
/sə plɛ.ʁɛ/ or /sə ple.ʁɛ/
(compound
tenses) 		present perfect present indicative of s'être + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of s'être + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of s'être + past participle
future perfect future of s'être + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of s'être + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses) 		present me plaise
/mə plɛz/ 		te plaises
/tə plɛz/ 		se plaise
/sə plɛz/ 		nous plaisions
/nu plɛ.zjɔ̃/ or /nu ple.zjɔ̃/ 		vous plaisiez
/vu plɛ.zje/ or /vu ple.zje/ 		se plaisent
/sə plɛz/
imperfect2 me plusse
/mə plys/ 		te plusses
/tə plys/ 		se plût
/sə ply/ 		nous plussions
/nu ply.sjɔ̃/ 		vous plussiez
/vu ply.sje/ 		se plussent
/sə plys/
(compound
tenses) 		past present subjunctive of s'être + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of s'être + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — plais-toi
/plɛ.twa/ 		— plaisons-nous
/plɛ.zɔ̃.nu/ or /ple.zɔ̃.nu/ 		plaisez-vous
/plɛ.ze.vu/ or /ple.ze.vu/ 		—
compound — simple imperative of s'être + past participle — simple imperative of s'être + past participle simple imperative of s'être + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Derived terms

[edit]

Further reading

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Anagrams

[edit]

Middle French

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Old French plaire.

Verb

[edit]

plaire

  1. to please

Descendants

[edit]
  • French: plaire

Occitan

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From a variant of Old Occitan plazer (probably reformed by analogy from conjugated forms; compare French plaire vs. plaisir, and Catalan plaure vs. plaer), from Latin placeō, placēre (“to please”).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Verb

[edit]

plaire (Languedoc)

  1. to please
    Synonym: agradar

Dialectal variants

[edit]

Antonyms

[edit]
[edit]

Further reading

[edit]

Old French

[edit]

Verb

[edit]

plaire

  1. alternative infinitive of plaisir.

Conjugation

[edit]

This verb conjugates as a third-group verb. This verb ends in a palatal stem, so there is an extra i before the e of some endings. This verb has irregularities in its conjugation. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of plaire (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
simple compound
infinitive plaire avoir pleü
gerund en plaisant gerund of avoir + past participle
present participle plaisant
past participle pleü
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative jo tu il nos vos il
simple
tenses 		present plaz, plais plais plaist plaisons plaisiez plaisent
imperfect plaisoie, plaiseie plaisoies, plaiseies plaisoit, plaiseit plaisiiens, plaisiens plaisiiez, plaisiez plaisoient, plaiseient
preterite ploi pleüs plot pleümes pleüstes plorent
future plairai plairas plaira plairons plairoiz, plaireiz, plairez plairont
conditional plairoie, plaireie plairoies, plaireies plairoit, plaireit plairiiens, plairiens plairiiez, plairiez plairoient, plaireient
compound
tenses 		present perfect present tense of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect tense of avoir + past participle
past anterior preterite tense of avoir + past participle
future perfect future tense of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional tense of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que jo que tu qu’il que nos que vos qu’il
simple
tenses 		present place, plaise places, plaises place, plaise placiens, plaçons, plaisiens, plaisons placiez, plaisiez placent, plaisent
imperfect pleüsse pleüsses pleüst pleüssons, pleüssiens pleüssoiz, pleüssez, pleüssiez pleüssent
compound
tenses 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nos vos –
— plais — plaisons plaisiez —
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