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{{also|Sich}}
{{also|Sich|sịch}}
==English==
==English==
{{was wotd|2016|October|14}}
{{was wotd|2016|October|14}}
[[File:Zaporozhian Sich rada (detail).jpg|thumb|A {{w|sich rada}}, the highest branch of government of the {{w|Zaporozhian Cossacks}}. It was based at their administrative centre called the {{w|Zaporizhian Sich}}, a semi-autonomous [[Cossack]] [[polity]] in the 16th to 18th centuries.]]
[[File:Zaporozhian Sich rada (detail).jpg|thumb|A {{w|sich rada}}, the highest branch of government of the {{w|Zaporozhian Cossacks}}. It was based at their administrative centre called the {{w|Zaporizhian Sich}}, a semi-autonomous [[Cossack]] [[polity]] in the 16th to 18th centuries.]]
[[File:Запорізький козак.jpg|thumb|A Zaporozhian Cossack]]


===Etymology 1===
===Etymology 1===
Borrowed from {{bor|en|uk|Січ}}, from {{der|en|uk|сікти||to [[chop#Verb|chop]]}}, alluding to the [[clear#Verb|clearing]] of a forest for an [[encampment]], or the building of a fort with trees that have been cut down.<ref>{{cite-book|author=Dmytro Yavornytsky|authorlink=Dmytro Yavornytsky|author2=Ivan Svarnyk, transl.|editor=L. L. Kiriyenko|title={{lang|uk|Історія Запорізьких Козаків, у трьох томах}}|trans-title=History of the Zaporozhian Cossacks, in Three Volumes|location=Lviv|publisher=Видавництво "Світ" ["Svit" Publishing House]|year=1892|lang=uk|volume=1|isbn=978-5-11-000647-0}}.</ref>
Borrowed from {{bor|en|uk|Січ}}, from {{der|en|uk|сікти||to [[chop#Verb|chop]]}}, alluding to the [[clear#Verb|clearing]] of a forest for an [[encampment]], or the building of a fort with trees that have been cut down.<ref>{{cite-book|uk|author=Dmytro Yavornytsky|authorlink=Dmytro Yavornytsky|author2=Ivan Svarnyk, transl.|editor=L. L. Kiriyenko|title=uk:Історія Запорізьких Козаків, у трьох томах|trans-title=History of the Zaporozhian Cossacks, in Three Volumes|location=Lviv|publisher=Видавництво "Світ" ["Svit" Publishing House]|year=1892|volume=1|isbn=978-5-11-000647-0}}.</ref>


====Pronunciation====
====Pronunciation====
{{IPA|en|/sit͡ʃ/}}
*{{IPA|en|/siːt͡ʃ/}}
** {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-sich.wav|Audio (UK)}}
** {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-sich.wav|a=Southern England}}
* {{rhymes|en|iːtʃ|s=1}}


====Noun====
====Noun====
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=====Translations=====
=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|administrative and military centre for Cossacks}}
{{trans-top|administrative and military centre for Cossacks}}
* French: {{t|fr|sitch|f}}, {{t|fr|sietch|f}}, {{t|fr|setch|f}}
* French: {{t+|fr|sitch|f}}, {{t+|fr|sietch|f}}, {{t+|fr|setch|f}}
* German: {{t|de|Sitsch|f}}
* German: {{t|de|Sitsch|f}}
* Polish: {{t|pl|Sicz|f}}
* Polish: {{t|pl|Sicz|f}}
{{trans-mid}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|Сечь|f}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|Сечь|f}}
* Ukrainian: {{t+|uk|Сі́ч|f}}
* Ukrainian: {{t+|uk|Сі́ч|f}}
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{{en-adj|-}}
{{en-adj|-}}


# {{pronunciation spelling of|en|such}}
# {{lb|en|Mid-Ulster English|pronunciation}} {{alt form of|en|such}}
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1895|author=Rudyard Kipling|title=The Young British Soldier|passage=''She's human as you are—you treat her as '''sich''',''}}
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1892|author=William Carleton|title=Amusing Irish Tales|passage=''But I'm all in tremor after '''sich''' accident,''}}


====Pronoun====
====Pronoun====
{{head|en|pronoun}}
{{head|en|pronoun}}


# {{pronunciation spelling of|en|such}}
# {{alt form of|en|such}}


===Anagrams===
===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|en|a=chis|CHIS|Chis|HCIs|ICHs|chis}}
* {{anagrams|en|a=chis|CHIS|chis|HCIs|ICHs|IHCs|Isch|Chis}}


{{C|en|Ukraine}}
----


==German==
==German==
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===Etymology===
===Etymology===
{{dercat|de|gmw-pro|gem-pro}}
{{dercat|de|gmw-pro|gem-pro}}
From {{inh|de|gmh|sich}}, from {{inh|de|goh|sih}}. Compare {{cog|yi|זיך}}, {{cog|nl|zich}}.
From {{inh|de|gmh|sich}}, from {{inh|de|goh|sih}}, from {{inh|de|gem-pro|*sek}}. Compare {{cog|yi|זיך}}, {{cog|nl|zich}}.


This pronoun was originally restricted to the accusative case, while simple personal pronouns were used in the dative. Dative use of {{m|gmh||sich}} in {{m+|gmh|-}} was restricted to northern dialects of [[Central German]]. In Early Modern German, a dative {{m|de|sir}} also occurred, formed by analogy with {{m|de|mir}}, {{m|de|dir}}. An obstacle to the generalisation of this form was the use of {{m|de||sich}} in the plural, where there operated the conflicting analogy with the merged accusative/dative forms {{m|de|uns}}, {{m|de|euch}}.
This pronoun was originally restricted to the accusative case, while simple personal pronouns were used in the dative. Dative use of {{m|gmh||sich}} in {{m+|gmh|-}} was restricted to northern dialects of [[Central German]]. In Early Modern German, a rare dative {{m|de|sir}} also occurred, formed by analogy with {{m|de|mir}}, {{m|de|dir}}. An obstacle to the generalisation of this form was the use of {{m|de||sich}} in the plural, where there operated the conflicting analogy with the merged accusative/dative forms {{m|de|uns}}, {{m|de|euch}}.


===Pronunciation===
===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|de|/zɪç/}}
* {{IPA|de|/zɪç/}}
* {{audio|de|De-sich.ogg|audio}}
* {{audio|de|De-sich.ogg}}
* {{audio|de|De-sich2.ogg}}
* {{rhymes|de|ɪç|s=1}}


===Pronoun===
===Pronoun===
{{head|de|pronoun|both accusative and dative}}
{{head|de|pronoun|both accusative and dative}}


# {{lb|de|reflexive pronoun}} {{non-gloss definition|Reflexive pronoun of the third person singular:}} [[herself]], [[himself]], [[itself]], [[oneself]] (''direct'' or ''indirect object'').
# {{lb|de|reflexive pronoun}} {{n-g|Reflexive pronoun of the third person singular:}} [[herself]], [[himself]], [[itself]], [[oneself]] (''direct'' or ''indirect object'')
# {{lb|de|reflexive pronoun}} {{non-gloss definition|Reflexive pronoun of the third person plural:}} [[themselves]] (''direct'' or ''indirect object'').
# {{lb|de|reflexive pronoun}} {{n-g|Reflexive pronoun of the third person plural:}} [[themselves]] (''direct'' or ''indirect object'')


====Related terms====
====Related terms====
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===Further reading===
===Further reading===
* {{R:Duden}}
* {{R:Duden}}
* {{R:DWDS}}


[[Category:German reflexive pronouns]]
{{cln|de|reflexive pronouns}}

----


==Scots==
==Scots==

Revision as of 09:57, 27 September 2024

See also: Sich, and sịch

English

WOTD – 14 October 2016
A sich rada, the highest branch of government of the Zaporozhian Cossacks. It was based at their administrative centre called the Zaporizhian Sich, a semi-autonomous Cossack polity in the 16th to 18th centuries.

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Ukrainian Січ (Sič), from Ukrainian сікти (sikty, “to chop”), alluding to the clearing of a forest for an encampment, or the building of a fort with trees that have been cut down.[1]

Pronunciation

Noun

sich (plural sichs or siches)

  1. (historical) An administrative and military centre for the Zaporozhian and Danube Cossacks.
Translations

References

  1. ^ Dmytro Yavornytsky, Ivan Svarnyk, transl. (1892) L. L. Kiriyenko, editor, Історія Запорізьких Козаків, у трьох томах (in Ukrainian), volume 1, Lviv: Видавництво "Світ" ["Svit" Publishing House], →ISBN.

Further reading

Etymology 2

Adjective

sich (not comparable)

  1. (Mid-Ulster, pronunciation) Alternative form of such
    • 1895, Rudyard Kipling, The Young British Soldier:
      She's human as you are—you treat her as sich,
    • 1892, William Carleton, Amusing Irish Tales:
      But I'm all in tremor after sich accident,

Pronoun

sich

  1. Alternative form of such

Anagrams

German

Etymology

From Middle High German sich, from Old High German sih, from Proto-Germanic *sek. Compare Yiddish זיך (zikh), Dutch zich.

This pronoun was originally restricted to the accusative case, while simple personal pronouns were used in the dative. Dative use of sich in Middle High German was restricted to northern dialects of Central German. In Early Modern German, a rare dative sir also occurred, formed by analogy with mir, dir. An obstacle to the generalisation of this form was the use of sich in the plural, where there operated the conflicting analogy with the merged accusative/dative forms uns, euch.

Pronunciation

Pronoun

sich (both accusative and dative)

  1. (reflexive pronoun) Reflexive pronoun of the third person singular: herself, himself, itself, oneself (direct or indirect object)
  2. (reflexive pronoun) Reflexive pronoun of the third person plural: themselves (direct or indirect object)

Further reading

  • “sich” in Duden online
  • “sich” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

Scots

Adjective

sich (comparative mair sich, superlative maist sich)

  1. Alternative form of sic

Pronoun

sich

  1. Alternative form of sic
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