zich
Cimbrian
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Middle High German sich, from Old High German sih, from Proto-West Germanic *sik, from Proto-Germanic *sek, cognate with German sich.
Pronoun
[edit]zich
- Third-person reflexive pronoun: herself, himself, itself, themselves
Etymology 2
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronoun
[edit]zich (Sette Comuni)
- accusative of ze: them
- accusative of bar: us
See also
[edit]nominative | accusative | dative | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
1st person singular | ich | mich | miar | |
2nd person singular | familiar | du | dich | diar |
polite | iart | ach | òich | |
3rd person singular | m | èar, ar | in, en | iime |
f | zi, ze | iar | ||
n | es, is | es, 's | iime | |
1st person plural | bar, bandare |
zich | izàndarn | |
2nd person plural | iart, iartàndare, artàndare |
òich, ach | ogàndarn | |
3rd person plural | ze, zòi, zandare |
zich | innàndarn |
References
[edit]- “zich” in Martalar, Umberto Martello, Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo
Dutch
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Dutch sich, from Middle High German sich, from Old High German sih, from Proto-West Germanic *sik, from Proto-Germanic *sek. Old Dutch did not have a reflexive pronoun (only rarely in early Limburgish texts), but used the normal accusative pronoun (if necessary intensified by selven, cf. English himself). Although the use of zich in Holland-based Dutch was clearly triggered by written German, this development was assisted by the fact that the south-eastern dialects of Dutch had already adopted certain High German pronoun forms in much earlier times (cf. Limburgish ich, mich, dich, zich).
Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]zich
- (by extension, reflexive) Third person singular and plural reflexive pronoun; himself, herself, itself, themselves, oneself
- Hij wast zich. — He washes himself.
- Hij wast zich het gezicht. — He washes his face.
- Ieder voor zich. — Every man for himself.
- (by extension, formal, reflexive) Second person singular and plural formal reflexive pronoun; yourself, yourselves
- Sloeg u zich in het donker? ― Did you hit yourself in the dark?
- U kunt zich hier scheren. ― You can shave here.
- Vergist u zich niet? ― Aren't you mistaken?
- expresses an unintended result with many otherwise non-reflexive and ergative verbs
- Hij viel zich een ongeluk — He fell and this resulted in an accident.
- Hij lachte zich een bult — He laughed so severely that it left him a hunchback.
Usage notes
[edit]- Zich can be used whether the reflexivity of the verb is optional or mandatory. Optionally reflexive verbs can also take zichzelf as reflexive pronoun.
- As in English (but unlike German and French), Dutch reflexive pronouns do not express reciprocity, except dialectally. Reciprocal senses may occur in fixed verb constructions, as in: Ze hebben zich verloofd. (“They have got engaged.”) Such cases are generally explainable by etymology. (In the example, the original sense is “They have promised themselves [to each other].”)
Declension
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]- See also: Category:Dutch reflexive verbs
- Cimbrian terms inherited from Middle High German
- Cimbrian terms derived from Middle High German
- Cimbrian terms inherited from Old High German
- Cimbrian terms derived from Old High German
- Cimbrian terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Cimbrian terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Cimbrian terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Cimbrian terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Cimbrian lemmas
- Cimbrian pronouns
- Cimbrian reflexive pronouns
- Cimbrian non-lemma forms
- Cimbrian pronoun forms
- Sette Comuni Cimbrian
- Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch
- Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch
- Dutch terms derived from Middle High German
- Dutch terms derived from Old High German
- Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation
- Dutch terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Dutch/ɪx
- Rhymes:Dutch/ɪx/1 syllable
- Dutch lemmas
- Dutch pronouns
- Dutch reflexive verbs
- Dutch formal terms
- Dutch terms with usage examples