Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wallaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Pre-Germanic *wolH-n-, an o-grade intensive formation. Both *wallaną and e-grade *wellaną were probably created to the archaic zero-grade present *wulaną.

Pronunciation

• (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) IPA^(key): /ˈwɑl.lɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*wallaną

1. to well up, spring out, bubble forth

Conjugation

Conjugation of *wallaną (strong class 7)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*wallō	*wallaų	—	*wallai	?
2nd singular	*wallizi	*wallaiz	*wall	*wallazai	*wallaizau
3rd singular	*wallidi	*wallai	*walladau	*walladai	*wallaidau
1st dual	*wallōz	*wallaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*walladiz	*wallaidiz	*walladiz	—	—
1st plural	*wallamaz	*wallaim	—	*wallandai	*wallaindau
2nd plural	*wallid	*wallaid	*wallid	*wallandai	*wallaindau
3rd plural	*wallandi	*wallain	*wallandau	*wallandai	*wallaindau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*wewal(l)	*wewallį̄
2nd singular	*wewal(l)t	*wewallīz
3rd singular	*wewal(l)	*wewallī
1st dual	*wewallū	*wewallīw
2nd dual	*wewalludiz	*wewallīdiz
1st plural	*wewallum	*wewallīm
2nd plural	*wewallud	*wewallīd
3rd plural	*wewallun	*wewallīn
	present	past
participles	*wallandz	*wallanaz

Derived terms

• *walliz
• *wallijaną

Descendants

• Old English: wallan, weallan
  • Middle English: wallen
    • Scots: wall, wal
    • English: wall
• Old Frisian: walla
  • West Frisian: (wâlje)
• Old Saxon: wallan
  • Middle Low German: wallen
• Old Dutch: *wallan
  • Middle Dutch: wallen
    • Dutch: wallen
• Old High German: wallan
  • Middle High German: wallen
    • German: wallen
• Old Norse: vella
  • Icelandic: vella
  • Norwegian: velde
  • Swedish: välla
  • Danish: vælde

References

• Guus Kroonen (2013) Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN