Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wallijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈwɑl.li.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“to turn; wind; roll”). A causative or intensive formation from either *wellaną (“to well up”) +‎ *-janą or *wallaną +‎ *-janą.

Verb

*wallijaną

1. to (cause to) well up, well over, boil

Inflection

Conjugation of *wallijaną (weak class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*wallijō	*wallijaų	—	*wallijai	?
2nd singular	*wallīsi	*wallijais	*wallī	*wallijasai	*wallijaisau
3rd singular	*wallīþi	*wallijai	*wallijaþau	*wallijaþai	*wallijaiþau
1st dual	*wallijōs	*wallijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*wallijaþiz	*wallijaiþiz	*wallijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*wallijamaz	*wallijaim	—	*wallijanþai	*wallijainþau
2nd plural	*wallīþ	*wallijaiþ	*wallīþ	*wallijanþai	*wallijainþau
3rd plural	*wallijanþi	*wallijain	*wallijanþau	*wallijanþai	*wallijainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*wallidǭ	*wallidēdį̄
2nd singular	*wallidēz	*wallidēdīz
3rd singular	*wallidē	*wallidēdī
1st dual	*wallidēdū	*wallidēdīw
2nd dual	*wallidēdudiz	*wallidēdīdiz
1st plural	*wallidēdum	*wallidēdīm
2nd plural	*wallidēdud	*wallidēdīd
3rd plural	*wallidēdun	*wallidēdīn
	present	past
participles	*wallijandz	*wallidaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *wallijan
  • Old English: wiellan, willan
    • Middle English: wellen
      • English: well
      • Scots: well, wall
  • Old Saxon: *wellian
    • Middle Low German: wellen
  • Old Dutch: *wellen
    • Middle Dutch: wellen
      • Dutch: wellen
        • Afrikaans: wel
  • Old High German: wellen
    • Middle High German: wellen
      • German: wellen

Etymology 2

From *wellaną (“roll”) +‎ *-janą.

Verb

*wallijaną

1. to wrap, envelop

Inflection

Conjugation of *wallijaną (weak class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*wallijō	*wallijaų	—	*wallijai	?
2nd singular	*wallīsi	*wallijais	*wallī	*wallijasai	*wallijaisau
3rd singular	*wallīþi	*wallijai	*wallijaþau	*wallijaþai	*wallijaiþau
1st dual	*wallijōs	*wallijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*wallijaþiz	*wallijaiþiz	*wallijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*wallijamaz	*wallijaim	—	*wallijanþai	*wallijainþau
2nd plural	*wallīþ	*wallijaiþ	*wallīþ	*wallijanþai	*wallijainþau
3rd plural	*wallijanþi	*wallijain	*wallijanþau	*wallijanþai	*wallijainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*wallidǭ	*wallidēdį̄
2nd singular	*wallidēz	*wallidēdīz
3rd singular	*wallidē	*wallidēdī
1st dual	*wallidēdū	*wallidēdīw
2nd dual	*wallidēdudiz	*wallidēdīdiz
1st plural	*wallidēdum	*wallidēdīm
2nd plural	*wallidēdud	*wallidēdīd
3rd plural	*wallidēdun	*wallidēdīn
	present	past
participles	*wallijandz	*wallidaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *wallijan
  • Old Saxon: wellian
  • Old High German: *wellen
    • ⇒ Old High German: umbiwellen