-tar

See also: Appendix:Variations of "tar"

Albanian

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Similar usage to Latin -tor.

Suffix

-tar m (indefinite plural -tarë, definite singular -tari, feminine equivalent -tare)

1. forms agent nouns. -er

   Synonyms: -ës, -tor

   ‎ar (“gold”) + ‎-tar → ‎artar (“goldsmith”)

   ‎shkencë (“science”) + ‎-tar → ‎shkencëtar (“scientist”)

   ‎gjellë (“food”) + ‎-tar → ‎gjellëtar (“cook”)

   ‎shqip (“Albanian”, adjective) + ‎-tar → ‎shqiptar (“an Albanian”, noun)

2. forms relational adjectives. -al

   Synonym: -ik

   ‎komb (“nation”) + ‎-tar → ‎kombëtar (“national”)

   ‎qeveri (“government”) + ‎-tar → ‎qeveritar (“governmental”)

   ‎shqip (“Albanian”, adjective) + ‎-tar → ‎shqiptar (“Albanian”, adjective)

Derived terms

Albanian terms suffixed with -tar

Basque

Alternative forms

• -dar, -tiar, -ar, -liar

Suffix

-tar

1. Used to create adjectives and nouns that denote ethnonyms.

Derived terms

Basque terms suffixed with -tar

Estonian

Etymology

Clipped from the ending of tütar. Cognate to Finnish -tar.

Suffix

-tar (genitive -tari, partitive -tari)

1. Forms feminine agent or occupational nouns

   kaunis "beautiful" → kaunitar "beautiful woman"

   laulja "singer" → lauljatar "female singer"

Declension

Declension of -tar (ÕS type 19/seminar, no gradation)
		singular	plural
nominative		-tar	-tarid
accusative	nom.
	gen.	-tari
genitive			-taride
partitive		-tari	-tare -tarisid
illative		-tari -tarisse	-taridesse -taresse
inessive		-taris	-tarides -tares
elative		-tarist	-taridest -tarest
allative		-tarile	-taridele -tarele
adessive		-taril	-taridel -tarel
ablative		-tarilt	-taridelt -tarelt
translative		-tariks	-tarideks -tareks
terminative		-tarini	-tarideni
essive		-tarina	-taridena
abessive		-tarita	-tarideta
comitative		-tariga	-taridega

Synonyms

• -nna (in some cases)

Derived terms

Estonian terms suffixed with -tar

Finnish

Etymology

Clipped from tytär (“daughter”) and then adapted to vowel harmony.

Suffix

-tar (front vowel harmony variant -tär, linguistic notation -tAr)

1. Forms the female counterpart of nouns indicating a person.

   ‎kuningas (“king”) + ‎-tar → ‎kuningatar (“queen”)

   ‎näyttelijä (“actor”) + ‎-tar → ‎näyttelijätär (“actress”)

   ‎Saksa (“Germany”) + ‎-tar → ‎saksatar (“a German female”)

Usage notes

• This is a nominal suffix, i.e. attached to nouns.
• The suffix is appended to the weak stem.
• With words ending in -lainen, -tar is appended to the stem not including -lainen.
• Nowadays it's uncommon and old fashioned to use the female forms of professions.
• Historically surnames ending in -nen had female forms, e.g. if a man had Leinonen as his surname, his wife would have been Leinotar instead.

Declension

Inflection of -tar (Kotus type 32*C/sisar, tt-t gradation)
nominative		-tar	-ttaret
genitive		-ttaren	-ttarien -tarten
partitive		-tarta	-ttaria
illative		-ttareen	-ttariin
		singular	plural
nominative		-tar	-ttaret
accusative	nom.	-tar	-ttaret
	gen.	-ttaren
genitive		-ttaren	-ttarien -tarten
partitive		-tarta	-ttaria
inessive		-ttaressa	-ttarissa
elative		-ttaresta	-ttarista
illative		-ttareen	-ttariin
adessive		-ttarella	-ttarilla
ablative		-ttarelta	-ttarilta
allative		-ttarelle	-ttarille
essive		-ttarena	-ttarina
translative		-ttareksi	-ttariksi
abessive		-ttaretta	-ttaritta
instructive		—	-ttarin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of -tar (Kotus type 32*C/sisar, tt-t gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative -ttareni -ttareni accusative nom. -ttareni -ttareni gen. -ttareni genitive -ttareni -ttarieni -tarteni partitive -tartani -ttariani inessive -ttaressani -ttarissani elative -ttarestani -ttaristani illative -ttareeni -ttariini adessive -ttarellani -ttarillani ablative -ttareltani -ttariltani allative -ttarelleni -ttarilleni essive -ttarenani -ttarinani translative -ttarekseni -ttarikseni abessive -ttarettani -ttarittani instructive — — comitative — -ttarineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative -ttaresi -ttaresi accusative nom. -ttaresi -ttaresi gen. -ttaresi genitive -ttaresi -ttariesi -tartesi partitive -tartasi -ttariasi inessive -ttaressasi -ttarissasi elative -ttarestasi -ttaristasi illative -ttareesi -ttariisi adessive -ttarellasi -ttarillasi ablative -ttareltasi -ttariltasi allative -ttarellesi -ttarillesi essive -ttarenasi -ttarinasi translative -ttareksesi -ttariksesi abessive -ttarettasi -ttarittasi instructive — — comitative — -ttarinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative -ttaremme -ttaremme accusative nom. -ttaremme -ttaremme gen. -ttaremme genitive -ttaremme -ttariemme -tartemme partitive -tartamme -ttariamme inessive -ttaressamme -ttarissamme elative -ttarestamme -ttaristamme illative -ttareemme -ttariimme adessive -ttarellamme -ttarillamme ablative -ttareltamme -ttariltamme allative -ttarellemme -ttarillemme essive -ttarenamme -ttarinamme translative -ttareksemme -ttariksemme abessive -ttarettamme -ttarittamme instructive — — comitative — -ttarinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative -ttarenne -ttarenne accusative nom. -ttarenne -ttarenne gen. -ttarenne genitive -ttarenne -ttarienne -tartenne partitive -tartanne -ttarianne inessive -ttaressanne -ttarissanne elative -ttarestanne -ttaristanne illative -ttareenne -ttariinne adessive -ttarellanne -ttarillanne ablative -ttareltanne -ttariltanne allative -ttarellenne -ttarillenne essive -ttarenanne -ttarinanne translative -ttareksenne -ttariksenne abessive -ttarettanne -ttarittanne instructive — — comitative — -ttarinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative -ttarensa -ttarensa accusative nom. -ttarensa -ttarensa gen. -ttarensa genitive -ttarensa -ttariensa -tartensa partitive -tartaan -tartansa -ttariaan -ttariansa inessive -ttaressaan -ttaressansa -ttarissaan -ttarissansa elative -ttarestaan -ttarestansa -ttaristaan -ttaristansa illative -ttareensa -ttariinsa adessive -ttarellaan -ttarellansa -ttarillaan -ttarillansa ablative -ttareltaan -ttareltansa -ttariltaan -ttariltansa allative -ttarelleen -ttarellensa -ttarilleen -ttarillensa essive -ttarenaan -ttarenansa -ttarinaan -ttarinansa translative -ttarekseen -ttareksensa -ttarikseen -ttariksensa abessive -ttarettaan -ttarettansa -ttarittaan -ttarittansa instructive — — comitative — -ttarineen -ttarinensa

Derived terms

Finnish terms suffixed with -tar

Related terms

• -tär (front vowel variant)

Greenlandic

Suffix

-tar (v-v^?, additive^?, VTV → VsV^?)

1. Signifies habitual behaviour.

   atuarpoq (“attends school (once)”) -> atuartarpoq (“attends school (is a student)”)

   • 1992, “Usuni kipigaa”, in Atuagagdliutit:

     Nammineq tissassarluni inersinnaannginnerluni anisuualu qanoq ililluni anisassava?

     I wonder if he will be unable to stimulate himself to an orgasm, and how will the semen leave?

Usage notes

Was formerly sometimes truncative.

Derived terms

Greenlandic terms suffixed with -tar

References

• Vestgrønlands Grammatik, p. 124, F.A.J. Nielsen, 2014
• -tar in Katersat
• Vestgrønlands Grammatik, p. 75, F.A.J. Nielsen, 2014