عرق

See also: غرف, عرف, غرق, ع ر ق, ع ر ف, and غ ر ق

Arabic

Etymology 1

Root
ع ر ق (ʕ r q)
10 terms

Cognate with Ge'ez ዐረቀ (ʿäräḳä, “to be naked, to be orphaned, to be childless, to be bereft”).

Verb

عَرَقَ • (ʕaraqa) I (non-past يَعْرُقُ (yaʕruqu), verbal noun مَعْرِق (maʕriq) or عَرْق (ʕarq))

1. to strip of flesh, to nibble

Conjugation

    Conjugation of عَرَقَ (I, sound, a ~ u, full passive, verbal nouns مَعْرِق, عَرْق)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						مَعْرِق, عَرْق maʕriq, ʕarq
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						عَارِق ʕāriq
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَعْرُوق maʕrūq
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	عَرَقْتُ ʕaraqtu	عَرَقْتَ ʕaraqta	عَرَقَ ʕaraqa		عَرَقْتُمَا ʕaraqtumā	عَرَقَا ʕaraqā		عَرَقْنَا ʕaraqnā	عَرَقْتُمْ ʕaraqtum	عَرَقُوا ʕaraqū
	f		عَرَقْتِ ʕaraqti	عَرَقَتْ ʕaraqat			عَرَقَتَا ʕaraqatā			عَرَقْتُنَّ ʕaraqtunna	عَرَقْنَ ʕaraqna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَعْرُقُ ʔaʕruqu	تَعْرُقُ taʕruqu	يَعْرُقُ yaʕruqu		تَعْرُقَانِ taʕruqāni	يَعْرُقَانِ yaʕruqāni		نَعْرُقُ naʕruqu	تَعْرُقُونَ taʕruqūna	يَعْرُقُونَ yaʕruqūna
	f		تَعْرُقِينَ taʕruqīna	تَعْرُقُ taʕruqu			تَعْرُقَانِ taʕruqāni			تَعْرُقْنَ taʕruqna	يَعْرُقْنَ yaʕruqna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَعْرُقَ ʔaʕruqa	تَعْرُقَ taʕruqa	يَعْرُقَ yaʕruqa		تَعْرُقَا taʕruqā	يَعْرُقَا yaʕruqā		نَعْرُقَ naʕruqa	تَعْرُقُوا taʕruqū	يَعْرُقُوا yaʕruqū
	f		تَعْرُقِي taʕruqī	تَعْرُقَ taʕruqa			تَعْرُقَا taʕruqā			تَعْرُقْنَ taʕruqna	يَعْرُقْنَ yaʕruqna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَعْرُقْ ʔaʕruq	تَعْرُقْ taʕruq	يَعْرُقْ yaʕruq		تَعْرُقَا taʕruqā	يَعْرُقَا yaʕruqā		نَعْرُقْ naʕruq	تَعْرُقُوا taʕruqū	يَعْرُقُوا yaʕruqū
	f		تَعْرُقِي taʕruqī	تَعْرُقْ taʕruq			تَعْرُقَا taʕruqā			تَعْرُقْنَ taʕruqna	يَعْرُقْنَ yaʕruqna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اُعْرُقْ uʕruq			اُعْرُقَا uʕruqā				اُعْرُقُوا uʕruqū
	f		اُعْرُقِي uʕruqī							اُعْرُقْنَ uʕruqna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	عُرِقْتُ ʕuriqtu	عُرِقْتَ ʕuriqta	عُرِقَ ʕuriqa		عُرِقْتُمَا ʕuriqtumā	عُرِقَا ʕuriqā		عُرِقْنَا ʕuriqnā	عُرِقْتُمْ ʕuriqtum	عُرِقُوا ʕuriqū
	f		عُرِقْتِ ʕuriqti	عُرِقَتْ ʕuriqat			عُرِقَتَا ʕuriqatā			عُرِقْتُنَّ ʕuriqtunna	عُرِقْنَ ʕuriqna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُعْرَقُ ʔuʕraqu	تُعْرَقُ tuʕraqu	يُعْرَقُ yuʕraqu		تُعْرَقَانِ tuʕraqāni	يُعْرَقَانِ yuʕraqāni		نُعْرَقُ nuʕraqu	تُعْرَقُونَ tuʕraqūna	يُعْرَقُونَ yuʕraqūna
	f		تُعْرَقِينَ tuʕraqīna	تُعْرَقُ tuʕraqu			تُعْرَقَانِ tuʕraqāni			تُعْرَقْنَ tuʕraqna	يُعْرَقْنَ yuʕraqna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُعْرَقَ ʔuʕraqa	تُعْرَقَ tuʕraqa	يُعْرَقَ yuʕraqa		تُعْرَقَا tuʕraqā	يُعْرَقَا yuʕraqā		نُعْرَقَ nuʕraqa	تُعْرَقُوا tuʕraqū	يُعْرَقُوا yuʕraqū
	f		تُعْرَقِي tuʕraqī	تُعْرَقَ tuʕraqa			تُعْرَقَا tuʕraqā			تُعْرَقْنَ tuʕraqna	يُعْرَقْنَ yuʕraqna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُعْرَقْ ʔuʕraq	تُعْرَقْ tuʕraq	يُعْرَقْ yuʕraq		تُعْرَقَا tuʕraqā	يُعْرَقَا yuʕraqā		نُعْرَقْ nuʕraq	تُعْرَقُوا tuʕraqū	يُعْرَقُوا yuʕraqū
	f		تُعْرَقِي tuʕraqī	تُعْرَقْ tuʕraq			تُعْرَقَا tuʕraqā			تُعْرَقْنَ tuʕraqna	يُعْرَقْنَ yuʕraqna

Verb

عُرِقَ • (ʕuriqa) I (passive-only, non-past يُعْرَقُ (yuʕraqu), verbal noun عَرْق (ʕarq))

1. to be emaciated

Conjugation

    Conjugation of عُرِقَ (I, sound, passive-only, verbal noun عَرْق)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						عَرْق ʕarq
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَعْرُوق maʕrūq
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	عُرِقْتُ ʕuriqtu	عُرِقْتَ ʕuriqta	عُرِقَ ʕuriqa		عُرِقْتُمَا ʕuriqtumā	عُرِقَا ʕuriqā		عُرِقْنَا ʕuriqnā	عُرِقْتُمْ ʕuriqtum	عُرِقُوا ʕuriqū
	f		عُرِقْتِ ʕuriqti	عُرِقَتْ ʕuriqat			عُرِقَتَا ʕuriqatā			عُرِقْتُنَّ ʕuriqtunna	عُرِقْنَ ʕuriqna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُعْرَقُ ʔuʕraqu	تُعْرَقُ tuʕraqu	يُعْرَقُ yuʕraqu		تُعْرَقَانِ tuʕraqāni	يُعْرَقَانِ yuʕraqāni		نُعْرَقُ nuʕraqu	تُعْرَقُونَ tuʕraqūna	يُعْرَقُونَ yuʕraqūna
	f		تُعْرَقِينَ tuʕraqīna	تُعْرَقُ tuʕraqu			تُعْرَقَانِ tuʕraqāni			تُعْرَقْنَ tuʕraqna	يُعْرَقْنَ yuʕraqna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُعْرَقَ ʔuʕraqa	تُعْرَقَ tuʕraqa	يُعْرَقَ yuʕraqa		تُعْرَقَا tuʕraqā	يُعْرَقَا yuʕraqā		نُعْرَقَ nuʕraqa	تُعْرَقُوا tuʕraqū	يُعْرَقُوا yuʕraqū
	f		تُعْرَقِي tuʕraqī	تُعْرَقَ tuʕraqa			تُعْرَقَا tuʕraqā			تُعْرَقْنَ tuʕraqna	يُعْرَقْنَ yuʕraqna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُعْرَقْ ʔuʕraq	تُعْرَقْ tuʕraq	يُعْرَقْ yuʕraq		تُعْرَقَا tuʕraqā	يُعْرَقَا yuʕraqā		نُعْرَقْ nuʕraq	تُعْرَقُوا tuʕraqū	يُعْرَقُوا yuʕraqū
	f		تُعْرَقِي tuʕraqī	تُعْرَقْ tuʕraq			تُعْرَقَا tuʕraqā			تُعْرَقْنَ tuʕraqna	يُعْرَقْنَ yuʕraqna

Verb

عَرِقَ • (ʕariqa) I (non-past يَعْرَقُ (yaʕraqu), verbal noun عَرَق (ʕaraq))

1. to sweat, to perspire

Conjugation

    Conjugation of عَرِقَ (I, sound, i ~ a, no passive, verbal noun عَرَق)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						عَرَق ʕaraq
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						عَرْقَان ʕarqān
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	عَرِقْتُ ʕariqtu	عَرِقْتَ ʕariqta	عَرِقَ ʕariqa		عَرِقْتُمَا ʕariqtumā	عَرِقَا ʕariqā		عَرِقْنَا ʕariqnā	عَرِقْتُمْ ʕariqtum	عَرِقُوا ʕariqū
	f		عَرِقْتِ ʕariqti	عَرِقَتْ ʕariqat			عَرِقَتَا ʕariqatā			عَرِقْتُنَّ ʕariqtunna	عَرِقْنَ ʕariqna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَعْرَقُ ʔaʕraqu	تَعْرَقُ taʕraqu	يَعْرَقُ yaʕraqu		تَعْرَقَانِ taʕraqāni	يَعْرَقَانِ yaʕraqāni		نَعْرَقُ naʕraqu	تَعْرَقُونَ taʕraqūna	يَعْرَقُونَ yaʕraqūna
	f		تَعْرَقِينَ taʕraqīna	تَعْرَقُ taʕraqu			تَعْرَقَانِ taʕraqāni			تَعْرَقْنَ taʕraqna	يَعْرَقْنَ yaʕraqna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَعْرَقَ ʔaʕraqa	تَعْرَقَ taʕraqa	يَعْرَقَ yaʕraqa		تَعْرَقَا taʕraqā	يَعْرَقَا yaʕraqā		نَعْرَقَ naʕraqa	تَعْرَقُوا taʕraqū	يَعْرَقُوا yaʕraqū
	f		تَعْرَقِي taʕraqī	تَعْرَقَ taʕraqa			تَعْرَقَا taʕraqā			تَعْرَقْنَ taʕraqna	يَعْرَقْنَ yaʕraqna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَعْرَقْ ʔaʕraq	تَعْرَقْ taʕraq	يَعْرَقْ yaʕraq		تَعْرَقَا taʕraqā	يَعْرَقَا yaʕraqā		نَعْرَقْ naʕraq	تَعْرَقُوا taʕraqū	يَعْرَقُوا yaʕraqū
	f		تَعْرَقِي taʕraqī	تَعْرَقْ taʕraq			تَعْرَقَا taʕraqā			تَعْرَقْنَ taʕraqna	يَعْرَقْنَ yaʕraqna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اِعْرَقْ iʕraq			اِعْرَقَا iʕraqā				اِعْرَقُوا iʕraqū
	f		اِعْرَقِي iʕraqī							اِعْرَقْنَ iʕraqna

Etymology 2

Root
ع ر ق (ʕ r q)
10 terms

Cognate to Ge'ez ዐረቀ (ʿärräḳä, “to strip naked”).

Verb

عَرَّقَ • (ʕarraqa) II (non-past يُعَرِّقُ (yuʕarriqu), verbal noun تَعْرِيق (taʕrīq))

1. to make sweat, to promote perspiration
2. to water down, to dilute (a drink)
3. to grow roots; to take root
4. to be deeply rooted
5. to vein, to marble

Conjugation

    Conjugation of عَرَّقَ (II, sound, full passive, verbal noun تَعْرِيق)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						تَعْرِيق taʕrīq
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						مُعَرِّق muʕarriq
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مُعَرَّق muʕarraq
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	عَرَّقْتُ ʕarraqtu	عَرَّقْتَ ʕarraqta	عَرَّقَ ʕarraqa		عَرَّقْتُمَا ʕarraqtumā	عَرَّقَا ʕarraqā		عَرَّقْنَا ʕarraqnā	عَرَّقْتُمْ ʕarraqtum	عَرَّقُوا ʕarraqū
	f		عَرَّقْتِ ʕarraqti	عَرَّقَتْ ʕarraqat			عَرَّقَتَا ʕarraqatā			عَرَّقْتُنَّ ʕarraqtunna	عَرَّقْنَ ʕarraqna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُعَرِّقُ ʔuʕarriqu	تُعَرِّقُ tuʕarriqu	يُعَرِّقُ yuʕarriqu		تُعَرِّقَانِ tuʕarriqāni	يُعَرِّقَانِ yuʕarriqāni		نُعَرِّقُ nuʕarriqu	تُعَرِّقُونَ tuʕarriqūna	يُعَرِّقُونَ yuʕarriqūna
	f		تُعَرِّقِينَ tuʕarriqīna	تُعَرِّقُ tuʕarriqu			تُعَرِّقَانِ tuʕarriqāni			تُعَرِّقْنَ tuʕarriqna	يُعَرِّقْنَ yuʕarriqna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُعَرِّقَ ʔuʕarriqa	تُعَرِّقَ tuʕarriqa	يُعَرِّقَ yuʕarriqa		تُعَرِّقَا tuʕarriqā	يُعَرِّقَا yuʕarriqā		نُعَرِّقَ nuʕarriqa	تُعَرِّقُوا tuʕarriqū	يُعَرِّقُوا yuʕarriqū
	f		تُعَرِّقِي tuʕarriqī	تُعَرِّقَ tuʕarriqa			تُعَرِّقَا tuʕarriqā			تُعَرِّقْنَ tuʕarriqna	يُعَرِّقْنَ yuʕarriqna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُعَرِّقْ ʔuʕarriq	تُعَرِّقْ tuʕarriq	يُعَرِّقْ yuʕarriq		تُعَرِّقَا tuʕarriqā	يُعَرِّقَا yuʕarriqā		نُعَرِّقْ nuʕarriq	تُعَرِّقُوا tuʕarriqū	يُعَرِّقُوا yuʕarriqū
	f		تُعَرِّقِي tuʕarriqī	تُعَرِّقْ tuʕarriq			تُعَرِّقَا tuʕarriqā			تُعَرِّقْنَ tuʕarriqna	يُعَرِّقْنَ yuʕarriqna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		عَرِّقْ ʕarriq			عَرِّقَا ʕarriqā				عَرِّقُوا ʕarriqū
	f		عَرِّقِي ʕarriqī							عَرِّقْنَ ʕarriqna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	عُرِّقْتُ ʕurriqtu	عُرِّقْتَ ʕurriqta	عُرِّقَ ʕurriqa		عُرِّقْتُمَا ʕurriqtumā	عُرِّقَا ʕurriqā		عُرِّقْنَا ʕurriqnā	عُرِّقْتُمْ ʕurriqtum	عُرِّقُوا ʕurriqū
	f		عُرِّقْتِ ʕurriqti	عُرِّقَتْ ʕurriqat			عُرِّقَتَا ʕurriqatā			عُرِّقْتُنَّ ʕurriqtunna	عُرِّقْنَ ʕurriqna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُعَرَّقُ ʔuʕarraqu	تُعَرَّقُ tuʕarraqu	يُعَرَّقُ yuʕarraqu		تُعَرَّقَانِ tuʕarraqāni	يُعَرَّقَانِ yuʕarraqāni		نُعَرَّقُ nuʕarraqu	تُعَرَّقُونَ tuʕarraqūna	يُعَرَّقُونَ yuʕarraqūna
	f		تُعَرَّقِينَ tuʕarraqīna	تُعَرَّقُ tuʕarraqu			تُعَرَّقَانِ tuʕarraqāni			تُعَرَّقْنَ tuʕarraqna	يُعَرَّقْنَ yuʕarraqna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُعَرَّقَ ʔuʕarraqa	تُعَرَّقَ tuʕarraqa	يُعَرَّقَ yuʕarraqa		تُعَرَّقَا tuʕarraqā	يُعَرَّقَا yuʕarraqā		نُعَرَّقَ nuʕarraqa	تُعَرَّقُوا tuʕarraqū	يُعَرَّقُوا yuʕarraqū
	f		تُعَرَّقِي tuʕarraqī	تُعَرَّقَ tuʕarraqa			تُعَرَّقَا tuʕarraqā			تُعَرَّقْنَ tuʕarraqna	يُعَرَّقْنَ yuʕarraqna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُعَرَّقْ ʔuʕarraq	تُعَرَّقْ tuʕarraq	يُعَرَّقْ yuʕarraq		تُعَرَّقَا tuʕarraqā	يُعَرَّقَا yuʕarraqā		نُعَرَّقْ nuʕarraq	تُعَرَّقُوا tuʕarraqū	يُعَرَّقُوا yuʕarraqū
	f		تُعَرَّقِي tuʕarraqī	تُعَرَّقْ tuʕarraq			تُعَرَّقَا tuʕarraqā			تُعَرَّقْنَ tuʕarraqna	يُعَرَّقْنَ yuʕarraqna

Etymology 3

Root
ع ر ق (ʕ r q)
10 terms

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʕa.raq/

Noun

عَرَق • (ʕaraq) m

1. verbal noun of عَرِقَ (ʕariqa) (form I)
2. sweat, perspiration
3. arrack (a clear raisin liquor that turns cloudy when water is added)

Declension

Declension of noun عَرَق (ʕaraq)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	عَرَق ʕaraq	الْعَرَق al-ʕaraq	عَرَق ʕaraq
Nominative	عَرَقٌ ʕaraqun	الْعَرَقُ al-ʕaraqu	عَرَقُ ʕaraqu
Accusative	عَرَقًا ʕaraqan	الْعَرَقَ al-ʕaraqa	عَرَقَ ʕaraqa
Genitive	عَرَقٍ ʕaraqin	الْعَرَقِ al-ʕaraqi	عَرَقِ ʕaraqi

Descendants

• Maltese: għaraq
• → Amharic: አረቂ (ʾäräḳi)
• → Azerbaijani: araq
• → Bashkir: араҡы (araqı)
• → Bikol Central: arak
• → Burmese: အရက် (a.rak)
• → Chinese: 阿剌吉 (ālàjí)
• → Daur: argw
• → English: arak, araq, arrack, rack
• → Evenki: аракӣ (arakī)
• → German: Arak
• → Georgian: არაყი (araq̇i)
  • → Bats: არაყ (araq̇)
• → Hebrew: ערק (ʿaráq)
• → Ilocano: arak
• → Italian: arrak
• → Kalmyk: әрк (ärk)
• → Karaim: ракъы (raqı)
• → Kazakh: арақ (araq)
• → Korean: 아락 (arak)
• → Kumyk: гьаракъы (haraqı)
• → Kyrgyz: арак (arak)
• → Limos Kalinga: alak
• → Malay: arak
  • Indonesian: arak
  • → Bikol Central: arak
  • → Chamorro: arak
  • → Ilocano: arak
  • → Limos Kalinga: alak
  • → Tagalog: alak
• → Manchu: ᠠᡵᡴᡳ (arki)
• → Classical Mongolian: ᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢ (ariki)
  • Mongolian: архи (arxi)
• → Nanai: араки (araki)
• → Nivkh: арак (arak)
• → Northern Kurdish: ereq
• → Ossetian: арахъ (araq)
• → Ottoman Turkish: راقی (rakı)
  • Turkish: rakı
  • → Albanian: raki
  • → Armenian: ըռախի (əṙaxi), ռախի (ṙaxi)
  • → Bulgarian: раки́я (rakíja)
  • → English: raki
  • → Finnish: raki
  • → French: raki
  • → German: Raki
  • → Greek: ρακή (rakí), ρακί (rakí)
  • → Ladino:

    Hebrew script: ראקי

    Latin script: raki

  • → Macedonian: ракија (rakija)
  • → Romanian: rachiu
  • → Russian: ракы (raky)
  • → Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: ра̀кија

    Latin script: ràkija

    → English: rakija

• → Persian: عرق ('araq)
  • → Middle Armenian: արաղ (araġ)
    • Armenian: արաղ (araġ)
  • → Punjabi: ਅਰਕ (arak)
• → Portuguese: áraque
• → Russian: арак (arak)
• → Tagalog: alak
• → Tajik: арақ (araq)
• → Tatar: аракы (araqı)
• → Tibetan: ཨ་རག (a rag)
• → Tigre: አረቂ (ʾäräḳi)
• → Tigrinya: አረቂ (ʾäräḳi)
• → Turkmen: arak
• → Southern Altai: аракы (arakï)
• → Uyghur: ھاراق (haraq)
• → Uzbek: aroq
• → Yakut: арыгы (arıgı)

Etymology 4

From the root ع ر ق (ʕ-r-q) in the sense of plants “perspiring” roots or roots being naked or stripped from earth when looked upon; or metathesis from the root ع ق ر (ʕ-q-r) related to عَقَار (ʕaqār, “real estate, ground, land”), compare against its Aramaic cognate עִיקָּרָא / ܥܶܩܳܪܳܐ (ʿiqqārā, ʿeqqārā, “root”) and Old South Arabian 𐩲𐩧𐩤 (ʿrq, “collarbone; lowlying land, plain, depression”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʕirq/

Noun

عِرْق • (ʕirq) m (plural عُرُوق (ʕurūq) or أَعْراق (ʔaʕrāq))

1. plant stem, leaf stem
2. blood vessel

   Synonym: وِعَاء (wiʕāʔ, “blood tube”)

   Hyponyms: شُرْيَان (šuryān, “artery”), وَرِيد (warīd, “vein”)

   • c. 1200, يحيى بن محمد بن أحمد بن العوام, edited by José Antonio Banqueri, كتاب الفلاحة, volume 2, Madrid: Imprenta Real, published 1802^IA, Cap. 33, Art. 9, page 673:

     فإذا أَرَدتَ فتح عرق أو وداج فخذ المبضع بين إصبعك الإبهام والسبّابة كأخذك القلم للكتابة به وليكن نصابه في راحتك وتخرج من رأسه خارج طرفي إصبعك المذكورين قدر طول ظفر إبهامك وأقلّ من ذلك إلى قدر نصف ظفر إبهامك ثم أفتح العرق إلى فوق شقّا بليغا برفق وخفّة. وأمّا التوديج يالقضيب وهو معلوم فتركب فيه المبضع وتخرج من طرفه خارج من القضيب قدر طول ظفر إبهامك، ولا تعجل بالضرب بالمبضع حتّى تقف على العرق بعينه وخاصة الوداجين، ولا تودّج حتّى تستوثق من الدابّة بالشكل والزيار ليألُ يضطرب وتختنق الدابّة بالخناق خنقا شديدا ليدرّ العرق. فإنّ ذلك موضوع خبيث وإن جاوزت يدك ربّما أصاب المبضع عرق الماء وهو المريء الدابّة فقتله.

     If you want to open a vein or jugular, take the scalpel between your thumb and index finger, take it like you take the quill for writing with it, so that its grip is in your palm, and you turn away from its head outwith the two tips of your said fingers by a length of the nail of your thumb and less than that by a half of the nail of your thumb, then you open the vein upwards making a sufficient cut with gentleness and levity. And what concerns the cutting the jugular with the known rod, you mount the scalpel in it and you move away from the rod’s tip by the length of the nail of your thumb, but don’t hasten with hitting with the scalpel until you have discerned the vein by its eye, particularly the two jugulars, and don’t do a jugular cut until you have provided for the security of the beast by hopples and a twitch, so you do not agitate or suffocate the beast at its throat by excessive choking, so the vein flows with abundance. This part being particularly perilous, if your hand go to far then the scalpel could hit the water vein [or windpipe], that is the oesophaghus of the beast, and it would kill it.

3. hereditary disposition
4. race, stock, descent
5. (geology) erg

Declension

Declension of noun عِرْق (ʕirq)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	عِرْق ʕirq	الْعِرْق al-ʕirq	عِرْق ʕirq
Nominative	عِرْقٌ ʕirqun	الْعِرْقُ al-ʕirqu	عِرْقُ ʕirqu
Accusative	عِرْقًا ʕirqan	الْعِرْقَ al-ʕirqa	عِرْقَ ʕirqa
Genitive	عِرْقٍ ʕirqin	الْعِرْقِ al-ʕirqi	عِرْقِ ʕirqi
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	عِرْقَيْن ʕirqayn	الْعِرْقَيْن al-ʕirqayn	عِرْقَيْ ʕirqay
Nominative	عِرْقَانِ ʕirqāni	الْعِرْقَانِ al-ʕirqāni	عِرْقَا ʕirqā
Accusative	عِرْقَيْنِ ʕirqayni	الْعِرْقَيْنِ al-ʕirqayni	عِرْقَيْ ʕirqay
Genitive	عِرْقَيْنِ ʕirqayni	الْعِرْقَيْنِ al-ʕirqayni	عِرْقَيْ ʕirqay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	عُرُوق ʕurūq	الْعُرُوق al-ʕurūq	عُرُوق ʕurūq
Nominative	عُرُوقٌ ʕurūqun	الْعُرُوقُ al-ʕurūqu	عُرُوقُ ʕurūqu
Accusative	عُرُوقًا ʕurūqan	الْعُرُوقَ al-ʕurūqa	عُرُوقَ ʕurūqa
Genitive	عُرُوقٍ ʕurūqin	الْعُرُوقِ al-ʕurūqi	عُرُوقِ ʕurūqi

Descendants

• Gulf Arabic: عرج (ʕirj, “origin, descent”)
• → Azerbaijani: irq
• → Ottoman Turkish: عرق (ʿırk)

  > Turkish: ırk (inherited)

• → Uyghur: ئىرق (irq)
• → Uzbek: irq

References

• Freytag, Georg (1835) “عرق”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[1] (in Latin), volume 3, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 142
• Schwally, Friedrich (1898) “Lexikalische Studien”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft‎^[2] (in German), volume 52, pages 140–142

Azerbaijani

Noun

عرق (definite accusative عرقی, plural عرقلار)

1. Arabic spelling of araq (“vodka”)

Hijazi Arabic

Root
ع ر ق
1 term

Etymology 1

From Arabic عَرَق (ʕaraq).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʕa.raɡ/

Noun

عرق • (ʕarag) m

1. sweat
2. arak

Etymology 2

From Arabic عِرْقْ (ʕirq).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʕirɡ/, [ʕɪrɡ]

Noun

عرق • (ʕirg) m (plural عُرُوق (ʕurūg))

1. vein
2. race (descent)

Etymology 3

From Arabic عَرِقَ (ʕariqa).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʕi.riɡ/, [ʕɪ.rɪɡ]

Verb

عِرِق • (ʕirig) I (non-past يِعْرَق (yiʕrag))

1. to sweat

Conjugation

Conjugation of عرق (ʕirig)
		singular				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	عرقت (ʕirigt)	عرقت (ʕirigt)	عرق (ʕirig)		عرقنا (ʕirigna)	عرقتوا (ʕirigtu)	عرقوا (ʕirgu)
	f		عرقتي (ʕirigti)	عرقت (ʕirgat)
non-past	m	أعرق (ʔaʕrag)	تعرق (tiʕrag)	يعرق (yiʕrag)		نعرق (niʕrag)	تعرقوا (tiʕragu)	يعرقوا (yiʕragu)
	f		تعرقي (tiʕragi)	تعرق (tiʕrag)
imperative	m		اعرق (aʕrag)				اعرقوا (aʕragu)
	f		اعرقي (aʕragi)

Etymology 4

From Arabic عَرَّقَ (ʕarraqa).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʕar.raɡ/

Verb

عَرَّق • (ʕarrag) II (non-past يِعَرِّق (yiʕarrig))

1. to sweat
2. to make sweat, to promote perspiration

Conjugation

Conjugation of عرق (ʕarrag)
		singular				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	عرقت (ʕarragt)	عرقت (ʕarragt)	عرق (ʕarrag)		عرقنا (ʕarragna)	عرقتوا (ʕarragtu)	عرقوا (ʕarragu)
	f		عرقتي (ʕarragti)	عرقت (ʕarragat)
non-past	m	أعرق (ʔaʕarrig)	تعرق (tiʕarrig)	يعرق (yiʕarrig)		نعرق (niʕarrig)	تعرقوا (tiʕarrigu)	يعرقوا (yiʕarrigu)
	f		تعرقي (tiʕarrigi)	تعرق (tiʕarrig)
imperative	m		عرق (ʕarrig)				عرقوا (ʕarrigu)
	f		عرقي (ʕarrigi)

Moroccan Arabic

Root
ع ر ق
2 terms

Etymology 1

From Arabic عَرِقَ (ʕariqa).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʕraq/

Verb

عرق • (ʕraq) I (non-past يعرق (yiʕraq)) (intransitive)

1. to sweat

   كنعرق فيساع فهاد الجو. ― kanaʕraq fīsāʕ f-hād el-jaww. ― I sweat quickly in this weather.

Conjugation

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Etymology 2

From Arabic عَرَّقَ (ʕarraqa).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʕar.raq/

Verb

عرق • (ʕarraq) II (non-past يعرق (yʕarraq)) (transitive)

1. to make sweat

Conjugation

Conjugation of عرق
		singular				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	عرّقت (ʕarraqt)	عرّقتي (ʕarraqti)	عرّق (ʕarraq)		عرّقنا (ʕarraqna)	عرّقتوا (ʕarraqtu)	عرّقوا (ʕarrqu)
	f			عرّقت (ʕarrqāt)
non-past	m	نعرّق (nʕarraq)	تعرّق (tʕarraq)	يعرّق (yʕarraq)		نعرّقوا (nʕarrqu)	تعرّقوا (tʕarrqu)	يعرّقوا (yʕarrqu)
	f		تعرّقي (tʕarrqi)	تعرّق (tʕarraq)
imperative	m		عرّق (ʕarraq)				عرّقوا (ʕarrqu)
	f		عرّقي (ʕarrqi)

Etymology 3

From Arabic عَرَق (ʕaraq).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʕarq/

Noun

عرق • (ʕarq) m

1. sweat

   غيمرضك العرق فهاد البرد.

   ḡaymarrḍak el-ʕarq f-hād el-bard.

   The sweat will make you sick in this cold weather.

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic عِرْق (ʕirq, “root; blood vessel, vein”).

Noun

عرق • (ʿırk) (plural عروق (ʿuruk))

1. (botany) root, the generally underground part of a plant that anchors and supports its body

   Synonym: كوك (kök)

2. (figuratively) root, origin, source, the beginning or starting point of something

   Synonym: كوك (kök)

3. (anatomy) vein, a blood vessel that transports blood from the capillaries back to the heart

   Synonyms: رگ (reg), طمر (damar)

4. (figuratively) temperament, disposition, a person's normal manner of thinking or behaving

   Synonyms: خوی (huy), طبع (tabʼ), طمر (damar), مزاج (mizac)

Derived terms

• عرق غیرت (ʿırk-ı gayret, “zeal; jealousy”)
• عرق لیفی (ʿırk-ı lifi, “capillary”)
• عرق مدنی (ʿırk-ı medeni, “Guinea worm disease”)

 

Descendants

• Turkish: ırk

Further reading

click to expand

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “ırk1”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 2049
• Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “ırk”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎^[3] (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 471
• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “عرق”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[4], Constantinople: Mihran, page 844
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Vena”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[5], Vienna, column 1726
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “عرق”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[6], Vienna, column 3250
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “عرق”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[7], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1295

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic عَرَق (ʕaraq, “sweat, perspiration”).

Noun

عرق • (ʿarak)

1. sweat, perspiration, a fluid that exits the body through pores in the skin

   Synonym: تر (ter)

Derived terms

• عرق انفعال (ʿarak-ı infiʿal, “clammy sweat caused by negative emotions”)
• عرقدار (ʿarakdar, “sweating, perspiring”)
• عرقریز (ʿarakriz, “dripping with sweat”)
• عرقچین (ʿarakçın, “linen cap worn under the turban”)
• عرقی (ʿaraki, “sudatory”)

 

Descendants

• Turkish: arak

Further reading

click to expand

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “arak1”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 276
• Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “arâk”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎^[8] (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 45
• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “عرق”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[9], Constantinople: Mihran, page 844
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Sudor”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[10], Vienna, column 1622
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “عرق”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[11], Vienna, column 3250
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “عرق”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[12], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1295

Persian

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic عَرَق (ʕaraq).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ʔa.ˈɾaq]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔä.ɾǽq]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔä.ɾǽq]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʔä.ɾǽq]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʔä.ɾǽq]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔæ.ɹǽɢ̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔä.ɾǽq]

Readings
Classical reading?	araq
Dari reading?	araq
Iranian reading?	arağ
Tajik reading?	araq

Noun

عَرَق • (araq)

1. sweat, perspiration

   Synonym: خوی (xoy)

   • c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 110:

     آفتی گردد که کوکبها بروی مه روند
     از عرق چون بر گل رویش شود پیدا گلاب

     āfatē gardad ki kawkabhā ba-rō-yi mah rawand
     az araq čūn bar gul-i rōyaš šawad paydā gulāb

     It is a calamity for stars [metaphor for drops of sweat] to go to the face of the moon [metaphor for pale face],
     When rosewater appears on the rose of your face from sweat.

     (Classical Persian transliteration)

2. arak, araq (aniseed-flavoured distilled alcoholic drink)
3. spirit, any type of distilled alcoholic beverage

Derived terms

• عرق ریختن (araq rixtan)
• عرق کردن (araq kardan)
• عرقِ نعنا (araq-e na'nâ)
• عرقی‌جات (araqi-jât)
• عرق‌خواری (araq-xâri)
• عرق‌سگی (araq-sagi)
• عرق‌گیری (araq-giri)

 

Descendants

• → Middle Armenian: արաղ (araġ)
  • Armenian: արաղ (araġ)
• → Punjabi: ਅਰਕ (arak)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic عِرْق (ʕirq).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ʔiɾq]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔɪɾq]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔɪɾq]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʔɪɾq]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʔiɾq]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔeɹɢ̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔiɾq]

Readings
Classical reading?	irq
Dari reading?	irq
Iranian reading?	erğ
Tajik reading?	irq

Noun

عرق • (erq)

1. blood vein

   Synonym: رگ (rag)

2. root, origin, stock, lineage

   Synonyms: ریشه (riše), نژاد (nežâd), اصل (asl)

Further reading

• Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “عرق”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim

South Levantine Arabic

Root
ع ر ق
2 terms

Etymology

From Arabic عَرِقَ (ʕariqa).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʕi.riʔ/, [ˈʕi.rɪʔ]

• Audio (al-Lidd):

  (file)

Verb

عرق • (ʕiriʔ) I (present بعرق (biʕraʔ))

1. to sweat

Conjugation

Conjugation of عرق (ʕiriʔ)
		singular				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	عرقت (ʕriʔt)	عرقت (ʕriʔt)	عرق (ʕiriʔ)		عرقنا (ʕriʔna)	عرقتو (ʕriʔtu)	عرقو (ʕirʔu)
	f		عرقتي (ʕriʔti)	عرقت (ʕirʔat)
present	m	بعرق (baʕraʔ)	بتعرق (btiʕraʔ)	بعرق (biʕraʔ)		منعرق (mniʕraʔ)	بتعرقو (btiʕraʔu)	بعرقو (biʕraʔu)
	f		بتعرقي (btiʕraʔi)	بتعرق (btiʕraʔ)
subjunctive	m	أعرق (ʔaʕraʔ)	تعرق (tiʕraʔ)	يعرق (yiʕraʔ)		نعرق (niʕraʔ)	تعرقو (tiʕraʔu)	يعرقو (yiʕraʔu)
	f		تعرقي (tiʕraʔi)	تعرق (tiʕraʔ)
imperative	m		اعرق (iʕraʔ)				اعرقو (iʕraʔu)
	f		اعرقي (iʕraʔi)

See also

• عرقان (ʕarʔān, “sweating”)

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian عرق ('araq), from Arabic عَرَق (ʕaraq).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /(ʔ)ə.ɾəq/

Noun

عَرَق • ('araq) m (Hindi spelling अरक़)

1. sweat, perspiration, exuded moisture
2. juice, essence
3. (figuratively) liquor

References

• “عرق”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
• “عرق”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.