सम
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Hindi
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Sanskrit सम (sama), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *samHás, from Proto-Indo-European *somHós (“same”). Doublet of हम (ham), a Persian borrowing. Cognate of English same.
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]सम • (sam) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling سم)
- same
- even, equal
- समकोण ― samkoṇ ― right angle
- homogeneous
- (arithmetic) even (divisible by two)
- Antonym: विषम (viṣam)
Derived terms
[edit]Pali
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Alternative scripts
Adjective
[edit]सम
- Devanagari script form of sama
Declension
[edit]Declension table of "सम" (masculine)
Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative (first) | समो (samo) | समा (samā) |
Accusative (second) | समं (samaṃ) | समे (same) |
Instrumental (third) | समेन (samena) | समेहि (samehi) or समेभि (samebhi) |
Dative (fourth) | समस्स (samassa) or समाय (samāya) or समत्थं (samatthaṃ) | समानं (samānaṃ) |
Ablative (fifth) | समस्मा (samasmā) or समम्हा (samamhā) or समा (samā) | समेहि (samehi) or समेभि (samebhi) |
Genitive (sixth) | समस्स (samassa) | समानं (samānaṃ) |
Locative (seventh) | समस्मिं (samasmiṃ) or समम्हि (samamhi) or समे (same) | समेसु (samesu) |
Vocative (calling) | सम (sama) | समा (samā) |
Declension table of "समा" (feminine)
Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative (first) | समा (samā) | समायो (samāyo) or समा (samā) |
Accusative (second) | समं (samaṃ) | समायो (samāyo) or समा (samā) |
Instrumental (third) | समाय (samāya) | समाहि (samāhi) or समाभि (samābhi) |
Dative (fourth) | समाय (samāya) | समानं (samānaṃ) |
Ablative (fifth) | समाय (samāya) | समाहि (samāhi) or समाभि (samābhi) |
Genitive (sixth) | समाय (samāya) | समानं (samānaṃ) |
Locative (seventh) | समाय (samāya) or समायं (samāyaṃ) | समासु (samāsu) |
Vocative (calling) | समे (same) | समायो (samāyo) or समा (samā) |
Declension table of "सम" (neuter)
Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative (first) | समं (samaṃ) | समानि (samāni) |
Accusative (second) | समं (samaṃ) | समानि (samāni) |
Instrumental (third) | समेन (samena) | समेहि (samehi) or समेभि (samebhi) |
Dative (fourth) | समस्स (samassa) or समाय (samāya) or समत्थं (samatthaṃ) | समानं (samānaṃ) |
Ablative (fifth) | समस्मा (samasmā) or समम्हा (samamhā) or समा (samā) | समेहि (samehi) or समेभि (samebhi) |
Genitive (sixth) | समस्स (samassa) | समानं (samānaṃ) |
Locative (seventh) | समस्मिं (samasmiṃ) or समम्हि (samamhi) or समे (same) | समेसु (samesu) |
Vocative (calling) | सम (sama) | समानि (samāni) |
Sanskrit
[edit]Alternative scripts
[edit]Alternative scripts
- সম (Assamese script)
- ᬲᬫ (Balinese script)
- সম (Bengali script)
- 𑰭𑰦 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀲𑀫 (Brahmi script)
- သမ (Burmese script)
- સમ (Gujarati script)
- ਸਮ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌸𑌮 (Grantha script)
- ꦱꦩ (Javanese script)
- 𑂮𑂧 (Kaithi script)
- ಸಮ (Kannada script)
- សម (Khmer script)
- ສມ (Lao script)
- സമ (Malayalam script)
- ᠰᠠᠮᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘭𑘦 (Modi script)
- ᠰᠠᠮᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧍𑧆 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐳𑐩 (Newa script)
- ସମ (Odia script)
- ꢱꢪ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆱𑆩 (Sharada script)
- 𑖭𑖦 (Siddham script)
- සම (Sinhalese script)
- 𑪁𑩴 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚨𑚢 (Takri script)
- ஸம (Tamil script)
- సమ (Telugu script)
- สม (Thai script)
- ས་མ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒮𑒧 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨰𑨢 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Indo-Iranian *samHás (“same”), from Proto-Indo-European *somHós (“same”).
Cognate with Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬨𐬀 (hama), Old Persian 𐏃𐎶 (h-m /hama/) (whence Persian هم (ham)), Ancient Greek ὁμός (homós, “same”), Latin similis, Old English sama (whence English same).
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]सम • (samá) stem
- same, equal, alike
- (with instrumental or genitive) equivalent to, like, identical to
- even, smooth, flat, plain, level
Declension
[edit]Masculine a-stem declension of सम (samá) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | समः samáḥ |
समौ / समा¹ samaú / samā́¹ |
समाः / समासः¹ samā́ḥ / samā́saḥ¹ |
Vocative | सम sáma |
समौ / समा¹ sámau / sámā¹ |
समाः / समासः¹ sámāḥ / sámāsaḥ¹ |
Accusative | समम् samám |
समौ / समा¹ samaú / samā́¹ |
समान् samā́n |
Instrumental | समेन saména |
समाभ्याम् samā́bhyām |
समैः / समेभिः¹ samaíḥ / samébhiḥ¹ |
Dative | समाय samā́ya |
समाभ्याम् samā́bhyām |
समेभ्यः samébhyaḥ |
Ablative | समात् samā́t |
समाभ्याम् samā́bhyām |
समेभ्यः samébhyaḥ |
Genitive | समस्य samásya |
समयोः samáyoḥ |
समानाम् samā́nām |
Locative | समे samé |
समयोः samáyoḥ |
समेषु saméṣu |
Notes |
|
Feminine ā-stem declension of समा (samā́) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | समा samā́ |
समे samé |
समाः samā́ḥ |
Vocative | समे sáme |
समे sáme |
समाः sámāḥ |
Accusative | समाम् samā́m |
समे samé |
समाः samā́ḥ |
Instrumental | समया / समा¹ samáyā / samā́¹ |
समाभ्याम् samā́bhyām |
समाभिः samā́bhiḥ |
Dative | समायै samā́yai |
समाभ्याम् samā́bhyām |
समाभ्यः samā́bhyaḥ |
Ablative | समायाः / समायै² samā́yāḥ / samā́yai² |
समाभ्याम् samā́bhyām |
समाभ्यः samā́bhyaḥ |
Genitive | समायाः / समायै² samā́yāḥ / samā́yai² |
समयोः samáyoḥ |
समानाम् samā́nām |
Locative | समायाम् samā́yām |
समयोः samáyoḥ |
समासु samā́su |
Notes |
|
Neuter a-stem declension of सम (samá) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | समम् samám |
समे samé |
समानि / समा¹ samā́ni / samā́¹ |
Vocative | सम sáma |
समे sáme |
समानि / समा¹ sámāni / sámā¹ |
Accusative | समम् samám |
समे samé |
समानि / समा¹ samā́ni / samā́¹ |
Instrumental | समेन saména |
समाभ्याम् samā́bhyām |
समैः / समेभिः¹ samaíḥ / samébhiḥ¹ |
Dative | समाय samā́ya |
समाभ्याम् samā́bhyām |
समेभ्यः samébhyaḥ |
Ablative | समात् samā́t |
समाभ्याम् samā́bhyām |
समेभ्यः samébhyaḥ |
Genitive | समस्य samásya |
समयोः samáyoḥ |
समानाम् samā́nām |
Locative | समे samé |
समयोः samáyoḥ |
समेषु saméṣu |
Notes |
|
Descendants
[edit]- Assamese: সোঁ (xü̃, “right”)
- Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀲𑀫 (sama)
- Pali: sama
- Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀲𑀫 (sama)
- Punjabi: ਸਮ (sam)
Borrowed terms
[edit]References
[edit]- Monier Williams (1899) “सम”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1152/1.
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 703
Categories:
- Hindi terms inherited from Sanskrit
- Hindi terms derived from Sanskrit
- Hindi terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Hindi terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Hindi terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Hindi terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Hindi doublets
- Hindi terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hindi lemmas
- Hindi adjectives
- Hindi indeclinable adjectives
- Hindi terms with usage examples
- hi:Arithmetic
- Pali lemmas
- Pali adjectives
- Pali adjectives in Devanagari script
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-Aryan
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation
- Sanskrit lemmas
- Sanskrit adjectives
- Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script