勉力

Chinese

		exhort	power; force; strength
simp. and trad. (勉力)		勉	力

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): miǎnlì

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄢˇ ㄌㄧˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): min⁵ lik⁶
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): miên-li̍t

  (Hailu, HRS): mien^ˋ lid^ˋ

• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): bián-le̍k

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: miǎnlì
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄢˇ ㄌㄧˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: miǎnlì
    • Wade–Giles: mien³-li⁴
    • Yale: myǎn-lì
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: meanlih
    • Palladius: мяньли (mjanʹli)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹/
    • Homophones:

      [Show/Hide]
      edit edit 勉力 勉勵／勉励

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: min⁵ lik⁶
    • Yale: míhn lihk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: min⁵ lik⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: min⁵ lig⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /miːn¹³ lɪk̚²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: miên-li̍t
    • Hakka Romanization System: mien^ˊ lid
    • Hagfa Pinyim: mian¹ lid⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /mi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ lit̚⁵/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: mien^ˋ lid^ˋ
    • Sinological IPA: /mien⁵³ lit²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bián-le̍k
    • Tâi-lô: bián-li̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: biefnlek
    • IPA (Xiamen): /biɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɪk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /biɛn⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ liɪk̚²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /biɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɪk̚¹²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /biɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɪk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /biɛn⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ liɪk̚⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: mjenX lik

Rime
Character	勉	力
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	仙 (79)	職 (134)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	亡辨切	林直切
Baxter	mjenX	lik
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mˠiᴇnX/	/lɨk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/mᵚiɛnX/	/lɨk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/miænX/	/liek̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mianX/	/lik̚/
Li Rong	/mjɛnX/	/liək̚/
Wang Li	/mĭɛnX/	/lĭək̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/mi̯ɛnX/	/li̯ək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	miǎn	lì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	min5	lik6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*mr[o][r]ʔ  k.rək/

  (Zhengzhang): /*mronʔ  rɯɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	勉	力
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	miǎn	lì
Middle Chinese	‹ mjenX ›	‹ lik ›
Old Chinese	/*mr[o][r]ʔ/	/*k.rək/
English	make an effort	strength
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	勉	力
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	9068	7854
Phonetic component	免	力
Rime group	元	職
Rime subdivision	3	0
Corresponding MC rime	免	力
Old Chinese	/*mronʔ/	/*rɯɡ/

Verb

勉力

1. to strive; to endeavor; to work hard

   • 故朝不勉力務進，夕無見功。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     故朝不勉力务进，夕无见功。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Guanzi, 5^th century BCE to 220 CE

     Gù zhāo bù miǎnlì wù jìn, xī wú jiàn gōng. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Synonyms

edit

• 一力 (yīlì)
• 下力 (xiàlì)
• 不遺餘力／不遗余力 (bùyíyúlì)
• 僶俛／𠊟俯 (mǐnmiǎn) (literary)
• 儘力／尽力 (jǐnlì) (archaic)
• 全力以赴 (quánlìyǐfù)
• 出力 (chūlì)
• 力 (lì) (literary, or in compounds)
• 力圖／力图 (lìtú)
• 力求 (lìqiú)
• 力爭／力争 (lìzhēng)
• 加勁／加劲 (jiājìn)
• 努力 (nǔlì)
• 呵嘶呵嘶 (o⁴ sr¹ o⁴ sr¹) (Xiang)
• 強力／强力 (qiánglì) (literary)
• 悉力 (xīlì) (literary)
• 打拼 (dǎpīn)
• 拍拚 (Hokkien, Teochew)
• 拍灘／拍滩 (Xiamen Hokkien)
• 拼搏 (pīnbó)
• 搏 (bó) (literary, or in compounds)
• 摔拍 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
• 攢勁／攒劲 (zan³ jin⁴) (Xiang)
• 旅力 (lǚlì) (literary)
• 極力／极力 (jílì)
• 殫力／殚力 (dānlì)
• 用力 (yònglì)
• 盡力／尽力 (jìnlì)
• 竭力 (jiélì)
• 竭盡全力／竭尽全力 (jiéjìnquánlì)
• 落力 (lok⁶ lik⁶) (Cantonese, Pinghua, Hakka, Pinghua, Hokkien, Pinghua, Teochew, Pinghua, Wenzhounese, Pinghua)
• 賣力／卖力 (màilì)
• 賣力氣／卖力气 (mài lìqi)