宦

宦 U+5BA6, 宦 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5BA6 ← 宥 [U+5BA5] CJK Unified Ideographs 宧 → [U+5BA7]

Translingual

Han character

宦 (Kangxi radical 40, 宀+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 十尸中中 (JSLL), four-corner 3071₇, composition ⿱宀臣)

Derived characters

• 𫐸, 𮅬

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 285, character 4
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7138
• Dae Jaweon: page 563, character 6
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 924, character 1
• Unihan data for U+5BA6

Chinese

simp. and trad.		宦

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 宦
Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 宀 (“house”) + 臣 (“servant”) – slave; servant.

Etymology

Compare Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(g/k)(j)wal (“slave; servant”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan ཁོལ་པོ (khol po, “servant”), Burmese ကျွန် (kywan, “slave”), Proto-Loloish *C-kywan¹ (“slave”), 倌 (OC *koːn, *kroːns).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): huàn (huan⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄢˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): waan⁶
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): fon

  (Hailu, HRS): fon^ˇ

  (Meixian, Guangdong): fon⁴

• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): huang⁵ / huong⁵
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): hoān

  (Teochew, Peng'im): huang⁶ / huêng⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: huàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: huàn
    • Wade–Giles: huan⁴
    • Yale: hwàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huann
    • Palladius: хуань (xuanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu̯än⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: waan⁶
    • Yale: waahn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: waan⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: wan⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /waːn²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fon
    • Hakka Romanization System: fon
    • Hagfa Pinyim: fon⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /fon⁵⁵/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: fon^ˇ
    • Sinological IPA: /fon¹¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: fon⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /fɔn⁵³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: huang⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /huaŋ²¹/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: huong⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /huoŋ²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoān
    • Tâi-lô: huān
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hoan
    • IPA (Xiamen): /huan²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /huan⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /huan²²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /huan³³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /huan³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: huang⁶ / huêng⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huăng / huĕng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /huaŋ³⁵/, /hueŋ³⁵/

Note:

• huang6 - Shantou;
• huêng6 - Chaozhou.

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• Middle Chinese: hwaenH

Rime
Character	宦
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	刪 (70)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	胡慣切
Baxter	hwaenH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦˠuanH/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦʷᵚanH/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣuɐnH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦwaɨnH/
Li Rong	/ɣuanH/
Wang Li	/ɣwanH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɣwanH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	huàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	waan6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*m-kʷˤ<r>a[n]-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡʷraːns/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	宦
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	huàn
Middle Chinese	‹ hwænH ›
Old Chinese	/*m-kʷˁ<r>a[n]-s/
English	servant
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	宦
Reading #	1/1
No.	5361
Phonetic component	宦
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	患
Old Chinese	/*ɡʷraːns/

Definitions

宦

1. to hold public office
2. government official
3. eunuch
4. a surname

Compounds

• 世嗣宦族
• 仕宦 (shìhuàn)
• 名宦
• 奄宦
• 官宦 (guānhuàn)
• 官宦人家
• 官宦氣息／官宦气息
• 宦人
• 宦囊
• 宦女
• 宦學／宦学
• 宦官 (huànguān)
• 宦情
• 宦海 (huànhǎi)
• 宦豎／宦竖 (huànshù)
• 宦途 (huàntú)
• 宦遊／宦游 (huànyóu)
• 宦達／宦达
• 宦門／宦门
• 巧宦
• 年宦
• 游宦 (yóuhuàn)
• 素宦
• 羈宦／羁宦
• 薄宦
• 謫宦／谪宦
• 豎宦／竖宦
• 達官顯宦／达官显宦
• 鄉宦／乡宦
• 門宦／门宦 (ménhuàn)
• 閹宦／阉宦 (yānhuàn)
• 顯宦／显宦

 

References

• 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “宦”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 93.

Japanese

Kanji

宦

(Hyōgai kanji)

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Readings

• Go-on: げん (gen)
• Kan-on: かん (kan)
• Kun: つかえる (tsukaeru, 宦える)、まなぶ (manabu)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 宦 (MC hwaenH). Recorded as Middle Korean 환〯 (hwǎn) (Yale: hwan) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource

宦 (eumhun 벼슬 환 (byeoseul hwan))

1. hanja form^? of 환 (“eunuch”)

Compounds

Compounds

• 환관 (宦官, hwan'gwan)
• 환시 (宦侍, hwansi)
• 내환 (內宦, naehwan)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese

Han character

宦: Hán Nôm readings: hoạn

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.