悉

悉 U+6089, 悉 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6089 ← 悈 [U+6088] CJK Unified Ideographs 悊 → [U+608A]

Translingual

Han character

悉 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 竹木心 (HDP), four-corner 2033₉, composition ⿱釆心)

Derived characters

• 僁 㗭 㣰 𢴑 㴽 𤎕 䊝 𦄵 蟋 𨄠 鏭 𠞹 窸

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 386, character 32
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10635
• Dae Jaweon: page 719, character 5
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2301, character 7
• Unihan data for U+6089

Chinese

trad.		悉
simp. #		悉
alternative forms		怸 𢚊 𢝕

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 悉
Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Qin slip script	Ancient script	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (悉) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
僁	*siːd, *sid
悉	*sid
蟋	*sid, *srid
窸	*sid

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 釆 (“to distinguish”) + 心 (“heart”) – detailed.

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *sjej-s (“to know; to understand”) (STEDT). Compare with Tibetan ཤེས་པ (shes pa, “to understand; to know”), Burmese သိ (si., “to know”), Mizo thei (“can; to be able”), Chepang चीःसा (ciʔ‑, “to know; to understand”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xī (xi¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): sik¹
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): sit

  (Meixian, Guangdong): xid⁵

• Northern Min (KCR): sĭ
• Eastern Min (BUC): sék
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): sit / siak / sek

  (Teochew, Peng'im): sêg⁴

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xī
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: si
    • Wade–Giles: hsi¹
    • Yale: syī
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shi
    • Palladius: си (si)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: sik¹
    • Yale: sīk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sik⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: xig¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɪk̚⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sit
    • Hakka Romanization System: xid^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: xid⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /sit̚²/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: xid⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /sit̚¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sĭ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /si²⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: sék
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɛiʔ²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sit
    • Tâi-lô: sit
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sid
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /sit̚⁵/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /sit̚³²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siak
    • Tâi-lô: siak
    • Phofsit Daibuun: siag
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /siak̚⁵/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sek
    • Tâi-lô: sik
    • Phofsit Daibuun: seg
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /siɪk̚³²/

Note:

• sit - literary;
• siak/sek - vernacular.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: sêg⁴
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sek
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sek̚²/

---

• Middle Chinese: sit

Rime
Character	悉
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	質 (48)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	息七切
Baxter	sit
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/siɪt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/sit̚/
Shao Rongfen	/sjet̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/sit̚/
Li Rong	/siĕt̚/
Wang Li	/sĭĕt̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/si̯ĕt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sat1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s]i[t]/

  (Zhengzhang): /*sid/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	悉
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xī
Middle Chinese	‹ sit ›
Old Chinese	/*[s]i[t]/
English	completely
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	悉
Reading #	1/1
No.	13339
Phonetic component	悉
Rime group	質
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	悉
Old Chinese	/*sid/

Definitions

悉

1. to know; to learn; to be informed of

   得悉  ―  déxī  ―  to know

   熟悉  ―  shúxī  ―  to know clearly

2. to use up; to exhaust
3. all; fully; entirely

   • 王命眾，悉至于庭。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     王命众，悉至于庭。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Book of Documents, circa 4^th – 3^rd century BCE

     Wáng mìng zhòng, xī zhìyú tíng. [Pinyin]

     The king commanded all to come to him in the courtyard (of his palace).

   • 趙王悉召群臣議。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     赵王悉召群臣议。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE

     Zhào wáng xī zhào qúnchén yì. [Pinyin]

     The King of Zhao summoned all ministers to discuss the matter.

   • 餘小臣不得上，乃悉持龍髯。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     余小臣不得上，乃悉持龙髯。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Wang Chong, Lun Heng (Discussive Weighing), 80 CE

     Yú xiǎochén bùdé shàng, nǎi xī chí lóng rán. [Pinyin]

     The remaining smaller officials, who could not find a seat on the dragon, all got hold of the dragon's beard.

4. detailed

Compounds

• 備悉／备悉
• 功力悉敵／功力悉敌
• 奉悉
• 威悉河 (Wēixī Hé)
• 工力悉敵／工力悉敌
• 得悉 (déxī)
• 悉力 (xīlì)
• 悉尼 (Xīní)
• 悉平
• 悉心 (xīxīn)
• 悉心戮力
• 悉心畢力／悉心毕力
• 悉心竭力
• 悉悉
• 悉數／悉数
• 悉曇／悉昙 (xītán)
• 悉率
• 悉知
• 悉窣
• 悉索敝賦／悉索敝赋
• 悉索薄賦／悉索薄赋
• 悉達多／悉达多 (Xīdáduō)
• 探悉
• 據悉／据悉 (jùxī)
• 敬悉
• 洞悉 (dòngxī)
• 洞悉明白
• 洞悉真相
• 熟悉 (shúxī)
• 獲悉／获悉 (huòxī)
• 知悉 (zhīxī)
• 纖悉／纤悉
• 纖悉無遺／纤悉无遗
• 耶悉茗
• 詞不悉心／词不悉心
• 詳悉／详悉
• 銖兩悉稱／铢两悉称
• 體悉／体悉

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (悉):

• → Vietnamese: tất (悉)

References

• “悉”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

悉

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

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Readings

• On (unclassified): しつ (shitsu)
• Kun: つくす (tsukusu, 悉す)、ことごとく (kotogotoku, 悉く)

Korean

Hanja

悉 • (sil) (hangeul 실, revised sil, McCune–Reischauer sil, Yale sil)

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Vietnamese

Han character

悉: Hán Nôm readings: tạt, dứt, tất, tắt

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