柑

See also: 某

柑 U+67D1, 柑 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-67D1 ← 某 [U+67D0] CJK Unified Ideographs 柒 → [U+67D2]

Translingual

Han character

柑 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 木廿一 (DTM), four-corner 4497₀, composition ⿰木甘)

Derived characters

• 𦴑, 䈤

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 519, character 2
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14619
• Dae Jaweon: page 907, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1177, character 3
• Unihan data for U+67D1

Chinese

simp. and trad.		柑
alternative forms		甘

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (甘) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
紺	*kɯːms
姏	*mɡaːm
嵌	*sɡaːmʔ, *kʰraːm
甘	*kaːm
柑	*kaːm
苷	*kaːm
泔	*kaːm
坩	*kaːm, *kʰaːm
蚶	*ɢaːm, *ɢaːm
酣	*ɢaːm
甝	*ɢaːm
魽	*ɢaːm
邯	*ɡaːm, *ɡaːm
鉗	*ɡram
箝	*ɡram
黚	*ɡram, *ɡrɯm
拑	*ɡram

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaːm) : semantic 木 (“wood; tree”) + phonetic 甘 (OC *kaːm); however, the phonetic component coud also indicate that the mandarin fruit is sweet. Similar but unrelated to 某.

Etymology 1

Either the same etymon as 甘 (OC *kaːm, “sweet”) (Wang, 1982), or, in light of the citrus fruit's southern origin, possibly connected with Austroasiatic; compare Proto-Austroasiatic *ŋaːm (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gān (gan¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄢ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gam¹
• Eastern Min (BUC): găng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kam / kaⁿ

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gan¹

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gān
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gan
    • Wade–Giles: kan¹
    • Yale: gān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gan
    • Palladius: гань (ganʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kän⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gam¹
    • Yale: gām
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gam¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: gem¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɐm⁵⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: găng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaŋ⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kam
    • Tâi-lô: kam
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kafm
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kam³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Singapore): /kam⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kaⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: kann
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kvaf
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kã³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kã⁴⁴/

Note:

• kam - literary;
• kaⁿ - vernacular.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: gan¹
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kaⁿ
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kã³³/

---

• Middle Chinese: kam

Rime
Character	柑
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	談 (143)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	古三切
Baxter	kam
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɑm/
Pan Wuyun	/kɑm/
Shao Rongfen	/kɑm/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kam/
Li Rong	/kɑm/
Wang Li	/kɑm/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kɑm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gam1

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*kaːm/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	柑
Reading #	1/1
No.	3653
Phonetic component	甘
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	甘
Old Chinese	/*kaːm/
Notes	甘轉註分化

Definitions

柑

柑

1. mandarin orange
2. tangerine
3. (dialectal Hakka, Mingxi Min, Waxiang) pomelo

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 柚子 (“pomelo”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		柚1
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		柚子, 柚1
Taxonomic name		柚1
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	柚子
	Taiwan	柚子
	Harbin	柚子
	Shenyang	柚子
	Singapore	柚子
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	柚子
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	柚子
	Xuzhou	柚子
Lanyin Mandarin	Lanzhou	柚子
	Ürümqi	柚子
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	柚子, 氣柑
	Chongqing	柚子, 橙子
	Wuhan	柚子
	Guiyang	橙子, 柚子
	Kunming	柚子
	Guilin	柚子
	Liuzhou	柚子
	Nanning (Wuming)	㯷碌
	Dagudi (Maliba)	มะโอ
	Reshuitang (Longling)	มะโอ, ส้มโอ
	Mae Salong (Lancang)	มะโอ
	Mae Sai (Tengchong)	柚子
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	柚子, 文旦
	Yangzhou	柚子, 文旦
	Hefei	柚子
Mandarin	Nanping (Yanping)	枹枹
Cantonese	Guangzhou	碌柚, 沙田柚
	Hong Kong	碌柚, 囉柚 dated, humorous
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	碌柚
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	禾碌, 碌
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	碌仔
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	碌仔
	Macau	碌柚
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	碌柚
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	碌仔
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	果碌
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	碌
	Foshan	碌柚
	Foshan (Shunde)	碌柚
	Foshan (Sanshui)	碌柚
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	孤碌
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	布碌
	Zhongshan (Huancheng)	布碌
	Zhongshan (Nanlang)	布碌
	Zhongshan (Xiaolan)	碌柚
	Zhongshan (Dongsheng, Xiaolan)	碌柚
	Zhongshan (Tanbei, Xiaolan)	碌柚
	Zhongshan (Henglan)	碌柚
	Zhongshan (Dongfeng)	碌柚
	Zhongshan (Nantou)	碌柚
	Zhongshan (Fusha)	碌柚
	Zhongshan (Shalang)	碌柚
	Zhongshan (Gangkou)	碌柚
	Zhongshan (Huangpu)	碌柚
	Zhongshan (Sanjiao)	碌
	Zhongshan (Langwang, Minzhong)	碌柚
	Zhongshan (Minzhong)	碌柚
	Zhongshan (Guzhen)	補碌
	Zhongshan (Banfu)	碌柚
	Zhongshan (Tanzhou)	碌柚
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	布碌
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	波碌
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	補碌
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	補碌
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	補碌
	Taishan	補碌
	Kaiping (Chikan)	補碌, 碌柚
	Enping (Niujiang)	補碌
	Heshan (Yayao)	碌柚
	Dongguan	禾碌
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	禾碌
	Qingyuan	柚果
	Yingde (Hanguang)	沙田柚
	Yangshan	畢碌, 柚1
	Lianshan (Butian)	沙田柚
	Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui)	板碌
	Shaoguan	碌柚
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	碌柚
	Renhua	碌柚
	Lechang	柚公
	Sihui	不碌
	Guangning	不碌
	Huaiji	果柚
	Fengkai (Nanfeng)	大柑
	Yunfu	奔碌
	Xinxing	柚1
	Luoding	蜜柚
	Yunan (Pingtai)	告柚
	Yangjiang	㯷子
	Nanning	㯷碌
Nanning (Tanka)	㯷碌
Wuzhou	㯷碌, 沙田柚
Yulin	柚子, 碌㯷子, 沙田柚
Rongxian	碌㯷子
Hepu (Lianzhou)	𢱕㯷, 沙甜㯷
Guiping	波碌
Guiping (Mule)	波碌
Pingnan	波碌
Guigang (Gangcheng)	柚仔2
Guigang (Pingdong)	碌㯷仔
Beihai	𢱕㯷
Beihai (Nankang)	𢱕㯷
Beihai (Yingpan)	𢱕㯷
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	𢱕㯷, 㯷子
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	㯷碌, 㯷子
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	𢱕㯷, 㯷子
Danzhou	厚皮柑
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	碌柚, 波碌
Ipoh (Guangfu)	碌柚
Sarikei (Xinhui)	補碌
Singapore (Guangfu)	碌柚
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	禾碌, 碌柚
Móng Cái	㯷碌
Bangkok (Guangfu)	碌柚
Betong (Rongxian)	碌柚
Gan	Nanchang	柚子
	Pengze	柚子
	Lichuan	橙仔
	Pingxiang	橙子
	Jianning	稠橙
	Taining	枹兒
Hakka	Meixian	柚仔2
	Xingning	柚哩
	Dabu (Xihe)	柚仔2
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	碌, 碌柚
	Huizhou (Shuikou Bendihua)	碌
	Huizhou (Hengli Bendihua)	碌哩
	Huidong (Pingshan Bendihua)	碌仔
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	碌
	Longmen (Pingling Bendihua)	沙田碌
	Longmen (Luxi Bendihua)	碌哎
	Boluo (Bendihua)	碌柚
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	碌仔
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	布碌
	Wuhua (Shuizhai)	柚哩
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	柚哩
	Wuhua (Changbu)	柚哩
	Wuhua (Mianyang)	柚哩
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	碌咧, 碌
	Zijin (Guzhu Bendihua)	碌
	Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua)	柚哎, 尾
	Longchuan (Sidu Bendihua)	柑哎
	Heping (Linzhai Bendihua)	柑
	Lianping (Zhongxin Bendihua)	柚1
	Lianping (Longjie Bendihua)	柚1
	Wengyuan	大柑
	Nanxiong (Zhuji)	柑咧
	Xinfeng (Matou Bendihua)	沙田柚, 柑
	Xinfeng (Daxi Bendihua)	甜柑
	Liannan	畢碌
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	畢碌
	Jiexi	柚1
	Luhe	柚仔2
	Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)	大柑
	Nanjing (Meilin)	蜜卵
	Nanjing (Tianluokeng, Shuyang)	柚1, 大柑
	Changting	柚哩
	Longyan (Yongding)	柚子
	Longyan (Xiayang, Yongding)	柚子
	Longyan (Gaobei, Yongding)	枹
	Wuping	橙柑
	Wuping (Zhongshan)	柚子
	Wuping (Yanqian)	橙柑
	Liancheng	酒餅柑
	Liancheng (Peitian)	柚1
	Liancheng (Zhongbao)	柚1
	Liancheng (Laiyuan)	柚1
	Ninghua	柚1
	Yudu	大柑子, 大柑, 柑子
	Ningdu	橙子
	Ruijin	柚子
	Shicheng	橙, 橙子
	Shangyou (Shexi)	橙, 柚仔2
	Tonggu (Sandu)	柚1
	Ganzhou (Panlong)	橙子
	Dayu	冬柑
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	柚仔2
	Miaoli (Gongguan; N. Sixian)	柚仔2
	Miaoli (Zhuolan; N. Sixian)	柚仔2
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	柚仔2
	Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian)	柚仔2
	Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian)	柚仔2
	Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian)	柚仔2
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	柚仔2
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	柚1
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	柚仔2, 柚1
Miaoli (Zhuolan; Raoping)	柚1
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	柚子, 柚1
Hong Kong	碌仔
Mengshan (Xihe)	碌袍
Fumian (Xisha, Xinqiao)	碌㯷果, 沙田柚
Luchuan	碌㯷
Luchuan (Daqiao)	沙田柚
Luchuan (Sihe, Hengshan)	碌㯷, 柚子
Bobai (Cuntou, Xintian)	柚1
Beiliu (Mumian, Xilang)	碌㯷
Xingye (Gaofeng)	沙田柚
Rongxian (Xiandi)	碌㯷果
Chengdu (Hexingchang)	柚子
Weiyuan (Guanyingtan)	柚子
Yilong (Ma'an)	柚子
Xichang (Huanglianguan)	柚子
Sabah (Longchuan)	碌仔, 波碌
Kuala Lumpur (Dabu)	柚仔2
Senai (Huiyang)	碌
Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo)	柚1
Singkawang	柚1
Bangkok (Meixian)	柚仔2
Bangkok (Fengshun)	柚1
Bangkok (Jiexi)	柚1
Huizhou	Fuliang	枹, 柚兒
Jin	Taiyuan	柚子
	Xinzhou	柚子
Northern Min	Jian'ou	橘泡, 橘, 大橘, 棓
	Songxi	大橘
	Jianyang	大橘
	Wuyishan	香丸
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	枹
	Fuzhou (Changle)	枹
	Fuqing	枹, 文旦
	Yongtai	枹
	Gutian	枹
	Fu'an	老枹
	Ningde	𩈈
	Shouning	老枹
	Zhouning	老枹, 𩈈
	Fuding	老枹
	Youxi	枹
	Matsu	枹
Southern Min	Xiamen	柚1, 柚仔1
	Quanzhou	枹, 柚1
	Jinjiang	枹
	Yongchun	枹
	Zhangzhou	柚1, 柚仔1, 柚仔3
	Zhangzhou (Changtai)	柚仔3
	Zhao'an	柚仔1
	Dongshan	柚1
	Taipei	柚仔1
	New Taipei (Tamsui)	柚仔1
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	柚仔1
	New Taipei (Pingxi)	柚仔1
	Kaohsiung	柚仔1
	Kaohsiung (Cijin)	柚仔1
	Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang)	柚仔1
	Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang)	柚仔1
	Kaohsiung (Tianliao)	柚仔1
	Yilan	柚仔1
	Yilan (Toucheng)	柚仔1
	Changhua (Lukang)	柚仔1
	Changhua (Yongjing)	柚仔1
	Taichung	柚仔1
	Tainan	柚仔1
	Tainan (Anping)	柚仔1
	Hsinchu	柚仔1
	Pingtung (Baoli, Checheng)	柚仔1
	Kinmen	柚1
	Penghu (Magong)	柚1
	Penghu (Xiyu)	柚1
	Penang (Hokkien)	柚仔1
	Singapore (Hokkien)	柚仔1, 柚1
	Manila (Hokkien)	柚1
	Longyan	枹
	Zhangping (Yongfu)	枹
	Datian	枹
	Shunchang (Pushang)	枹
	Pingnan (Sijie)	沙田柚
	Pingle (Zhoutang)	柚3, 沙田柚
	Lechang (Tatou)	柚3
	Yingde (Yuzui)	柚仔3, 沙田柚
	Yunan (Liantan)	柚3
	Chaozhou	柚1
	Shantou	柚1
	Shantou (Chaoyang)	柚1
	Jieyang	柚1
	Haifeng	柚1
	Bangkok (Teochew)	柚1
	Chiang Mai (Teochew)	柚1
	Hat Yai (Teochew)	柚1, ส้มโอ
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	柚1
	Leizhou	甘枹, 橘紅
	Wenchang	柚1
	Haikou	柚1
Puxian Min	Putian	柚1
	Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang)	柚1
	Xianyou	柚1
	Fuding (Aoyao)	老枹
Central Min	Yong'an	柚2
	Sanming (Sanyuan)	柚2
	Sanming (Shaxian)	柚1
Shaojiang Min	Shaowu	大柑, 大柑兒
	Guangze	柑兒
	Mingxi	柑
	Shunchang	柚1
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	布碌
	Zhongshan (Sanxiang)	布碌
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	㯷子
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Dahe)	柚子
Shehua	Fuding	老枹
	Luoyuan	𩈈
	Sanming	枹
	Shunchang	柚柿
	Hua'an	柚3
	Guixi (Zhangping)	柚仔2
	Cangnan	枹
	Jingning (Hexi)	柚1
	Lishui	柚1
	Longyou	枹
	Chaozhou	柚1
	Fengshun	柚仔2
Waxiang	Guzhang (Gaofeng)	柑
	Yuanling (Shaojiwan)	柑
Wu	Shanghai	文旦
	Shanghai (Songjiang)	文旦
	Shanghai (Zhoupu, Pudong)	文旦
	Shanghai (Jiading)	文旦
	Shanghai (Luodian, Baoshan)	文旦
	Shanghai (Chongming)	文旦
	Suzhou	文旦
	Suzhou (Lili, Wujiang)	文旦
	Suzhou (Shengze, Wujiang)	文旦
	Wuxi	文旦
	Changshu	文旦
	Kunshan	文旦
	Jiaxing	香泡, 文旦, 沙田柚
	Changzhou	沙田柚
	Liyang	柚子
	Yixing	文旦
	Danyang	文旦
	Jingjiang	柚子
	Jiangyin	文旦
	Huzhou (Shuanglin)	文旦
	Hangzhou	柚子
	Shaoxing	文旦
	Zhuji (Wangjiajing)	柚子
	Shengzhou (Chongren)	香團
	Shengzhou (Taiping)	香團
	Ningbo	文旦, 香泡
	Yuyao	文旦, 香泡
	Taizhou (Huangyan)	文蛋, 橙, 欒
	Wenzhou	泡, 柚1, 文旦
	Quzhou	香泡
	Jinhua	樸, 柚子
	Jinhua (Tangxi)	泡兒
	Yiwu	泡, 香泡
	Yongkang	泡
Xiang	Changsha	柚子
	Shuangfeng	橙子
	Quanzhou	柚子
Xiangnan Tuhua	Dong'an	柚子
Yuebei Tuhua	Shaoguan (Dacun, Baitu, Qujiang)	柚嘀
	Shaoguan (Shibei, Xinshao, Zhenjiang)	大肚柑
	Renhua (Zhoutian)	大肚柑
	Renhua (Shitang)	柚1
	Ruyuan (Songwei, Guitou)	柚1
	Lechang (Changlai)	柚公
	Lechang (Beixiang)	柚公
	Lechang (Huangpu)	柑子
	Lechang (Guitang, Pingshi)	沙田柑
	Lechang (Sanxi)	柑子

Compounds

• 佛手柑 (fóshǒugān)
• 傳柑／传柑
• 刺柑
• 柑仔 (kâm-é)
• 柑子 (gānzi)
• 柑果 (gānguǒ)
• 柑桔 (gānjú)
• 柑橘 (gānjú)
• 柑香酒
• 栟柑
• 椪柑 (pènggān)
• 橘柑
• 油柑 (yóugān)
• 蜜柑 (mìgān)
• 金柑 (jīngān)
• 雙柑斗酒

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (柑):

• → Japanese: 柑(かん) (kan)
• → Vietnamese: cam (柑)

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 柑 – see 拑 (“to grab; to pinch; to cling; to grip tightly”). (This character is an obsolete form of 拑).

Japanese

Kanji

柑

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: かん (kan)^{←かん (kan, historical)←かむ (kamu, ancient)}
• Kan-on: かん (kan)^{←かん (kan, historical)←かむ (kamu, ancient)}
• Kun: みかん (mikan, 柑)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
柑
かん Jinmeiyō
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 柑 (MC kam).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [kã̠ɴ]

Affix

柑(かん) • (kan) 

1. citrus fruit

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 椪(ぽん)柑(かん) (ponkan, “ponkan”)
• 蜜(み)柑(かん) (mikan, “mandarin orange”)

Korean

Hanja

柑 • (gam, geom) (hangeul 감, 검, revised gam, geom, McCune–Reischauer kam, kŏm, Yale kam, kem)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

柑: Hán Nôm readings: cam, cùm

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.