珍珠

Chinese

		precious thing; treasure	pearl; bead
simp. and trad. (珍珠)		珍	珠
alternative forms		真珠 obsolete

Etymology

Pearls were previously called 真珠 (zhēnzhū, “true pearls”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): zhēnzhū

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄣ ㄓㄨ

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): җынҗў (žɨnžw, I-I)

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zan¹ zyu¹

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): chṳ̂n-chû

  (Meixian, Guangdong): jin¹ zu¹

• Eastern Min (BUC): dĭng-ciŏ / cĭng-ciŏ
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chin-chu / tin-chu

  (Teochew, Peng'im): diang¹ zu¹

• Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ¹tsen-tsy₁ / ¹tsen-tsyu₁

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhēnzhū
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄣ ㄓㄨ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhenjhu
    • Wade–Giles: chên¹-chu¹
    • Yale: jēn-jū
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jenju
    • Palladius: чжэньчжу (čžɛnʹčžu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: җынҗў (žɨnžw, I-I)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂəŋ²⁴ ʈ͡ʂu²⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: zan¹ zyu¹
    • Yale: jān jyū
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzan¹ dzy¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: zen¹ ju¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɐn⁵⁵ t͡syː⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳ̂n-chû
    • Hakka Romanization System: ziin^ˊ zu^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: zin¹ zu¹
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sɨn²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡su²⁴/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: jin¹ zu¹
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sin⁴⁴ t͡su⁴⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: dĭng-ciŏ / cĭng-ciŏ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tiŋ⁵⁵ ^(t͡s-)ʒuo⁵⁵/, /t͡siŋ⁵⁵ ^(t͡s-)ʒuo⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chin-chu
    • Tâi-lô: tsin-tsu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: cinzw
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sin⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sin³³ t͡su³³/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sin⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tin-chu
    • Tâi-lô: tin-tsu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dinzw
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tin³³ t͡su³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tin⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tin⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: diang¹ zu¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tiang tsu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tiaŋ³³⁻²³ t͡su³³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹tsen-tsy₁
    • MiniDict: tsen^平 tsy^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹tsen-tsr₁
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sən⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹/
  • (Northern: Suzhou)
    • Wugniu: ¹tsen-tsyu₁
    • MiniDict: tsen^平 tsyu^平
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /t͡sən⁴⁴ t͡sz̩ʷ/

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• Middle Chinese: trin tsyu

Rime
Character	珍	珠
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	知 (9)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	眞 (44)	虞 (24)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	陟鄰切	章俱切
Baxter	trin	tsyu
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʈˠiɪn/	/t͡ɕɨo/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈᵚin/	/t͡ɕio/
Shao Rongfen	/ȶien/	/t͡ɕio/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈjin/	/cuə̆/
Li Rong	/ȶjĕn/	/t͡ɕio/
Wang Li	/ȶǐĕn/	/t͡ɕĭu/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ȶi̯ĕn/	/t͡ɕi̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhēn	zhū
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zan1	zyu1

Noun

珍珠

1. pearl (gem) (Classifier: 粒; 顆／颗 m)
2. tapioca pearl (Classifier: 粒; 顆／颗 m)
3. (figurative) tear; teardrop

Synonyms

• (pearl):

edit

• 明珠 (míngzhū) (shiny pearl)
• 珠仔 (Hakka)
• 珠子 (zhūzi)
• 珠璣／珠玑 (zhūjī)

 

Derived terms

• 珍珠奶茶 (zhēnzhū nǎichá)
• 珍珠岩
• 珍珠母 (zhēnzhūmǔ)
• 珍珠港 (Zhēnzhūgǎng)
• 珍珠粉 (zhēnzhūfěn)
• 珍珠草
• 珍珠菜 (zhēnzhūcài)
• 珍珠貝／珍珠贝
• 珍珠霜 (zhēnzhūshuāng)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (真珠, 珍珠):

• → Japanese: 真珠(しんじゅ) (shinju)
• → Korean: 진주(眞珠, 珍珠)
• → Vietnamese: trân châu (真珠, 珍珠) (see there for further descendants)

Others:

• → Common Turkic: *yinǯü
  • Old Turkic: 𐰘𐰃𐰨𐰇 (y²inčü)
  • Kipchak:
    • Bashkir: ынйы (ınyı)
    • Crimean Tatar: inci
    • Karachay-Balkar: инджи (inci)
    • Karaim:

      Latin script: in'dži

      Cyrillic script: иньджи

    • Kazakh: інжу (ınju)
    • Kumyk: инжи (inji)
    • Kyrgyz: инжу (inju)
    • Tatar: энҗе (ence)
  • Proto-Oghuz:
    • Old Anatolian Turkish:
      • Azerbaijani: inci
      • Ottoman Turkish: اینجو (inci, incü)
        • Turkish: inci
      • → Old East Slavic: инчи (inči)
    • Turkmen: hünji
  • Siberian Turkic:
    • Khakas: нинӌі (nincì)
    • Northern Altai: чиндьи (čindʹi), чинъчи (činʺči)
    • Old Uyghur: [script needed] (jenčü)
      • Western Yugur: unžo
    • Shor: ненчи
    • Southern Altai: јинји (ǰinǰi)
    • Tofa: ниньҷи
    • Tuvan: чинжи (çinji)
  • Uyghur: ئۇنجە (unje), ئۇنجى (unji), ئىنجۇ (inju)
  • Uzbek: inju
  • → Bulgar: *ǯinǯü
    • Chuvash: ӗнчӗ (ĕnč̬ĕ)
    • → Old Hungarian: *dzsindzsü
      • Hungarian: gyöngy
      • → Serbo-Croatian:

        Cyrillic script: ђинђуха, ђинђува

        Latin script: đinđuha, đinđuva

      • →⇒ Ukrainian: дженджеру́ха (džendžerúxa)
    • → Old East Slavic: жьньчюгъ (žĭnĭčjugŭ), жьмьчюгъ (žĭmĭčjugŭ) (see there for further descendants)
  • → Classical Mongolian: ᠵᠢᠨᠵᠦᠦ (ǰinǰüü)
    • Mongolian: жинжүү (žinžüü)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
珍	珠
ちん Grade: S	じゅ Grade: S
on'yomi

Proper noun

珍(ちん)珠(じゅ) • (Chinju) 

1. a surname

Korean

Hanja in this term
珍	珠

Noun

珍珠 • (jinju) (hangeul 진주)

1. hanja form^? of 진주 (“pearl”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
珍	珠

Noun

珍珠

1. chữ Hán form of trân châu (“pearl”).