琉璃
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Chinese
[edit]| phonetic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (琉璃) | 琉 | 璃 | |
| simp. #(琉璃) | 琉 | 璃 | |
| alternative forms | 瑠璃 流離／流离 | ||
Etymology
[edit]From an unidentified language in the Western Regions, perhaps a Middle Indo-Aryan language, e.g. Gandhari 𐨬𐨅𐨜𐨂𐨪𐨁𐨩 (veḍuriya),[1] a form attested in as a component in a proper noun. Compare Pali veḷuriya (“precious stone, maybe lapis lazuli”), Sanskrit वैडूर्य (vaiḍūrya, “cat's-eye, beryl”),[2] whence Chinese 吠瑠璃 (fèiliúlí). The Middle Chinese reflex may have been subjected to hyperthesis with the ḍ- and r- syllables exchanged, with further ḍ > l (Ji, 1998v4).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): lau4 lei4
- Eastern Min (BUC): liù-liè
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄡˊ ㄌㄧˊ → ㄌㄧㄡˊ ˙ㄌㄧ (toneless final syllable variant)
- Tongyong Pinyin: lióuli̊
- Wade–Giles: liu2-li5
- Yale: lyóu-li
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liou.li
- Palladius: люли (ljuli)
- Sinological IPA (key): /li̯oʊ̯³⁵ li³⁵/ → /li̯oʊ̯³⁵ li³/
- Homophones:
[Show/Hide] 流離／流离
琉璃
- (Standard Chinese)
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: lau4 lei4
- Yale: làuh lèih
- Cantonese Pinyin: lau4 lei4
- Guangdong Romanization: leo4 léi4
- Sinological IPA (key): /lɐu̯²¹ lei̯²¹/
- Homophones:
流離／流离
琉璃
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: liù-liè
- Sinological IPA (key): /l̃ieu⁵³⁻³³ l̃ie⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Middle Chinese: ljuw lje
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*ru rel/
Noun
[edit]琉璃
- (literary, originally) a kind of blue and translucent natural precious stone, probably lapis lazuli
- coloured glaze similar to this kind of stone
- (literary) Synonym of 玻璃 (“glass”)
- (literary) lamp made from glass
- (literary, figuratively) any translucent object
- (Beijing Mandarin) dragonfly
Synonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Baums, Stefan, Glass, Andrew (2002–) “Veḍuriyaprabha”, in A Dictionary of Gandhari[1]
- ^ 1917, Field Museum of Natural History: 1909, “The Beginnings of Porcelain in China”, Berthold Laufer and Henry Windsor Nichols, The Museum, page 138:
- The glassy paste for the production of ceramic glazes was called liu-li 琉璃 (in the Han Annals 流離) or p'i-liu-li, derived from Prākrit veluriya, Mahārāshṭrī verulia (Sanskrit vaiḍūrya).
Japanese
[edit]| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 琉 | 璃 |
| る Jinmeiyō |
り Grade: S |
| goon | on'yomi |
Etymology
[edit]The spelling is an orthographic borrowing from Chinese 琉璃 (liúlí).
| For pronunciation and definitions of 琉璃 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
| (This term, 琉璃, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Korean
[edit]| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 琉 | 璃 |
Noun
[edit]Categories:
- Chinese terms derived from Middle Indo-Aryan languages
- Mandarin terms with homophones
- Mandarin words containing toneless variants
- Cantonese terms with homophones
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Eastern Min lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Teochew lemmas
- Middle Chinese lemmas
- Old Chinese lemmas
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Eastern Min nouns
- Hokkien nouns
- Teochew nouns
- Middle Chinese nouns
- Old Chinese nouns
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 琉
- Chinese terms spelled with 璃
- Chinese literary terms
- Beijing Mandarin
- Chinese disyllabic morphemes
- zh:Materials
- Japanese terms spelled with 琉 read as る
- Japanese terms spelled with 璃 read as り
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms borrowed from Chinese
- Japanese orthographic borrowings from Chinese
- Japanese terms derived from Chinese
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese terms spelled with jinmeiyō kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji
- Japanese terms with 2 kanji
- Japanese proper nouns
- Korean lemmas
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- Korean hanja forms