耐

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耐 U+8010, 耐
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8010
← 耏
[U+800F] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 耑 →
[U+8011]

Translingual

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Han character

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耐 (Kangxi radical 126, 而+3, 9 strokes, cangjie input 一月木戈 (MBDI), four-corner 14200, composition ⿰而寸)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 962, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 28879
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1409, character 24
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2811, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+8010

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 耐
alternative forms 耏
𡬪
𦓎
𩈃
能 “to bear”

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (而) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
耐 *nɯːs
耏 *nɯːs, *njɯ
而 *njɯ
鮞 *njɯ, *njuɡ
鴯 *njɯ
栭 *njɯ
陑 *njɯ
峏 *njɯ
輀 *njɯ
胹 *njɯ
洏 *njɯ
髵 *njɯ
恧 *nɯɡ, *nuɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *nɯːs) : phonetic 而 (OC *njɯ) + semantic 寸.

Etymology 1

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STEDT compares this to 難 (OC *n̥ʰaːn, *naːns) and Proto-Tibeto-Burman *na-n/t (“ill, pain, sore, ache, difficult, evil spirit”)

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 耐
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 泥 (8)
Final (韻) 咍 (41)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 奴代切
Baxter nojH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/nʌiH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/nəiH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/nɒiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/nəjH/
Li
Rong 		/nᴀiH/
Wang
Li 		/nɒiH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/nɑ̆iH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		nài
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		noi6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 耐
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		nài
Middle
Chinese 		‹ nojH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*nˁə-s/
English endure

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 耐
Reading # 1/1
No. 2718
Phonetic
component 		而
Rime
group 		之
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		耐
Old
Chinese 		/*nɯːs/
Notes 說文同耏

Definitions

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耐

  1. to be durable; to be able to withstand
    耐火  ―  nàihuǒ  ―  fire resistant
  2. to bear; to endure
    吃苦耐勞／吃苦耐劳  ―  chīkǔnàiláo  ―  (literally) to consume bitterness and to endure hardship
  3. (Cantonese, of time) long; taking a long time to happen
    我已經等咗好耐呀！ [Cantonese, trad.]
    我已经等咗好耐呀！ [Cantonese, simp.]
    ngo5 ji5 ging1 dang2 zo2 hou2 noi6 aa3! [Jyutping]
    I've already waited forever!
    架巴士咁耐都未嚟㗎？ [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]
    gaa3 baa1 si6-2 gam3 noi6 dou1 mei6 lai4 gaa3? [Jyutping]
    Why is the bus taking so long to arrive?
  4. (literary) to be worth; to merit; to deserve; to be worthy of
  5. (literary) suitable; appropriate
  6. (literary) an ancient punishment involving shaving one's beard and temples
Synonyms
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  • (to bear):
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  • (long):
Dialectal synonyms of 久 (“long (time)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 久
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 久
Northeastern Mandarin Taiwan 久
Malaysia 久
Singapore 久
Cantonese Guangzhou 耐
Hong Kong 耐
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 耐
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 久
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 久
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 耐
Taishan 久
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 耐
Singapore (Guangfu) 耐
Gan Nanchang 久
Hakka Meixian 久
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 久
Boluo (Bendihua) 久
Heyuan (Bendihua) 久
Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua) 久
Heping (Linzhai Bendihua) 久
Lianping (Longjie Bendihua) 久
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 久
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 久
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 久
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 久
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 久
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 久
Hong Kong 久
Senai (Huiyang) 久
Kuching (Hepo) 久
Eastern Min Fuzhou 𣆯
Fuzhou (Changle) 𣆯
Fuqing 𣆯
Yongtai 𣆯
Gutian 長久
Fu'an 𣆯
Ningde 𣆯
Shouning 長遠
Zhouning 長遠
Fuding 久
Singapore (Fuqing) 𣆯
Southern Min Xiamen 久
Quanzhou 久
Jinjiang 久
Dongshan 久
Taipei 久 GT
Penang (Hokkien) 久
Singapore (Hokkien) 久
Manila (Hokkien) 久
Chaozhou 久
Raoping 久
Shantou 久
Haifeng 久
Bangkok (Teochew) 久
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 久
Singapore (Teochew) 久
Wenchang 久
Qionghai 久
Singapore (Hainanese) 久
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 久長
Note GT - General Taiwanese (no particular region identified)
  • (to be worth):
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  • (suitable):
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Compounds

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Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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Definitions

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耐

  1. Alternative form of 能 (“to be able to”)

Etymology 3

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For pronunciation and definitions of 耐 – see 倷 (“you; you; etc.”).
(This character is a variant form of 倷).

References

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  • 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “耐”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 162.

Japanese

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Kanji

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耐

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. to withstand

Readings

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Korean

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Hanja

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耐 (eumhun 견딜 내 (gyeondil nae))

  1. hanja form? of 내 (“endure, bear”)
  2. hanja form? of 내 (“resist”)
  3. hanja form? of 내 (“patient”)

Vietnamese

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Han character

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耐: Hán Việt readings: nại[1]
耐: Nôm readings: nại[1][2], nề[1][2], nài[2]

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Trần (2004).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Hồ (1976).
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