고다

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Korean 고으〮다〮 (Yale: kwòú-tá), 고오〮다〮 (Yale: kwòwó-tá).

First attested in the Gugeupganibang eonhae (救急簡易方諺解 / 구급간이방언해), 1489, as Middle Korean 고으〮다〮 (Yale: kwòú-tá).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ˈko̞(ː)da̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [고(ː)다]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	goda
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	goda
McCune–Reischauer?	koda
Yale Romanization?	kōta

Verb

고다 • (goda) (infinitive 과 or 고아, sequential 고니) (transitive)

1. (cooking) to stew (to simmer slowly); to boil down
2. to distil (alcohol)

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the verb 고다 (goda): vowel-stem, regular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	곤다 gonda	과 gwa	과요, 고아요 gwayo, goayo	곱니다 gomnida
	Past	괐다 gwatda	괐어 gwasseo	괐어요 gwasseoyo	괐습니다 gwatseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	고느냐 goneunya	과 gwa	과요, 고아요 gwayo, goayo	곱니까 gomnikka
	Past	괐느냐 gwanneunya	괐어 gwasseo	괐어요 gwasseoyo	괐습니까 gwatseumnikka
Hortative		고자 goja	과 gwa	과요, 고아요 gwayo, goayo	고십시다 gosipsida
Imperative		과라, 고아라 gwara, goara	과 gwa	과요, 고아요 gwayo, goayo	곱시오 gopsio
Assertive		고겠다 gogetda	고겠어 gogesseo	고겠어요 gogesseoyo	고겠습니다 gogetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		과 gwa	과서, 고아서 gwaseo, goaseo	고니 goni	고니까 gonikka
Contrast		고지만 gojiman	고는데 goneunde	고더니 godeoni
Conjunction		고고 gogo
Condition		고면 gomyeon	과야, 고아야 gwaya, goaya
Motive		고려고 goryeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		곰 gom	고기 gogi
Past-tense verbal nouns		괐음, 고았음 gwasseum, goasseum	괐기, 고았기 gwatgi, goatgi
Determiners	Past	곤 gon
	Present	고는 goneun
	Future	골 gol

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	고신다 gosinda	고셔 gosyeo	고세요, 고셔요 goseyo, gosyeoyo	고십니다 gosimnida
	Past	고셨다 gosyeotda	고셨어 gosyeosseo	고셨어요 gosyeosseoyo	고셨습니다 gosyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	고시느냐 gosineunya	고셔 gosyeo	고세요, 고셔요 goseyo, gosyeoyo	고십니까 gosimnikka
	Past	고셨느냐 gosyeonneunya	고셨어 gosyeosseo	고셨어요 gosyeosseoyo	고셨습니까 gosyeotseumnikka
Imperative		고시라 gosira	고셔 gosyeo	고세요 goseyo	고십시오 gosipsio
Assertive		고시겠다 gosigetda	고시겠어 gosigesseo	고시겠어요 gosigesseoyo	고시겠습니다 gosigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		고셔 gosyeo	고셔서 gosyeoseo	고시니 gosini	고시니까 gosinikka
Contrast		고시지만 gosijiman	고시는데 gosineunde	고시더니 gosideoni
Conjunction		고시고 gosigo
Condition		고시면 gosimyeon	고셔야 gosyeoya
Motive		고시려고 gosiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		고심 gosim	고시기 gosigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		고셨음 gosyeosseum	고셨기 gosyeotgi
Determiners	Past	고신 gosin
	Present	고시는 gosineun
	Future	고실 gosil