Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/minuti
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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Celtic
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Indo-European *mey- (“to bind”).[1] The *-néwti suffix is reconstructed on the basis of Sanskrit मिनोति (minoti, “to fix, establish”).
Verb
[edit]*minuti
- to bind
Inflection
[edit]| Suffixless preterite | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active voice | ||||
| Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
| 1st singular | *minumi | *minumam | *mimisū | *mima |
| 2nd singular | *minusi | *minutās | *mimisesi | *mimas? |
| 3rd singular | *minuti | *minuto | *mimiseti | *mime |
| 1st plural | *minumosi | *minumo | *mimisomosi | *mimmo |
| 2nd plural | *minutesi | *minustē | *mimisetesi | *minte |
| 3rd plural | *minunti | *minunto | *mimisonti | *mimars |
| Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
| 1st singular | *meyasū | ? | — | |
| 2nd singular | *meyasesi | ? | *minu | |
| 3rd singular | *meyaseti | ? | *minutou | |
| 1st plural | *meyasomosi | ? | *minumos | |
| 2nd plural | *meyasetesi | ? | *minute | |
| 3rd plural | *meyasonti | ? | *minuntou | |
| Passive voice | ||||
| Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
| 1st singular | *minur | — | *mimisūr | — |
| 2nd singular | *minutar | — | *mimisetar | — |
| 3rd singular | *minutor | ? | *mimisetor | — |
| 1st plural | *minummor | — | *mimisommor | — |
| 2nd plural | *minudwe | — | *mimisedwe | — |
| 3rd plural | *minuntor | ? | *mimisontor | — |
| Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
| 1st singular | *meyasūr | — | — | |
| 2nd singular | *meyasetar | — | — | |
| 3rd singular | *meyasetor | — | — | |
| 1st plural | *meyasommor | — | — | |
| 2nd plural | *meyasedwe | — | — | |
| 3rd plural | *meyasontor | — | — | |
| Declension of the past participle | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *mītos | *mītou | *mītoi |
| vocative | *mīte | *mītou | *mītoi |
| accusative | *mītom | *mītou | *mītoms |
| genitive | *mītī | *mītous | *mītom |
| dative | *mītūi | *mītobom | *mītobos |
| instrumental | *mītū | *mītobim | *mītobis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *mītā | *mītai | *mītās |
| vocative | *mītā | *mītai | *mītās |
| accusative | *mītam | *mītai | *mītams |
| genitive | *mītās | *mītous | *mītom |
| dative | *mītai | *mītābom | *mītābos |
| instrumental | *? | *mītābim | *mītābis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *mītom | *mītou | *mītā |
| vocative | *mītom | *mītou | *mītā |
| accusative | *mītom | *mītou | *mītā |
| genitive | *mītī | *mītous | *mītom |
| dative | *mītūi | *mītobom | *mītobos |
| instrumental | *mītū | *mītobim | *mītobis |
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]From Proto-Indo-European *mey- (“to change (places)”)[2]
Verb
[edit]*minuti[3]
Inflection
[edit]| Suffixless preterite | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active voice | ||||
| Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
| 1st singular | *minumi | *minumam | *mimisū | *mima |
| 2nd singular | *minusi | *minutās | *mimisesi | *mimas? |
| 3rd singular | *minuti | *minuto | *mimiseti | *mime |
| 1st plural | *minumosi | *minumo | *mimisomosi | *mimmo |
| 2nd plural | *minutesi | *minustē | *mimisetesi | *minte |
| 3rd plural | *minunti | *minunto | *mimisonti | *mimars |
| Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
| 1st singular | *meyasū | ? | — | |
| 2nd singular | *meyasesi | ? | *minu | |
| 3rd singular | *meyaseti | ? | *minutou | |
| 1st plural | *meyasomosi | ? | *minumos | |
| 2nd plural | *meyasetesi | ? | *minute | |
| 3rd plural | *meyasonti | ? | *minuntou | |
| Passive voice | ||||
| Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
| 1st singular | *minur | — | *mimisūr | — |
| 2nd singular | *minutar | — | *mimisetar | — |
| 3rd singular | *minutor | ? | *mimisetor | — |
| 1st plural | *minummor | — | *mimisommor | — |
| 2nd plural | *minudwe | — | *mimisedwe | — |
| 3rd plural | *minuntor | ? | *mimisontor | — |
| Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
| 1st singular | *meyasūr | — | — | |
| 2nd singular | *meyasetar | — | — | |
| 3rd singular | *meyasetor | — | — | |
| 1st plural | *meyasommor | — | — | |
| 2nd plural | *meyasedwe | — | — | |
| 3rd plural | *meyasontor | — | — | |
| Declension of the past participle | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *mītos | *mītou | *mītoi |
| vocative | *mīte | *mītou | *mītoi |
| accusative | *mītom | *mītou | *mītoms |
| genitive | *mītī | *mītous | *mītom |
| dative | *mītūi | *mītobom | *mītobos |
| instrumental | *mītū | *mītobim | *mītobis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *mītā | *mītai | *mītās |
| vocative | *mītā | *mītai | *mītās |
| accusative | *mītam | *mītai | *mītams |
| genitive | *mītās | *mītous | *mītom |
| dative | *mītai | *mītābom | *mītābos |
| instrumental | *? | *mītābim | *mītābis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *mītom | *mītou | *mītā |
| vocative | *mītom | *mītou | *mītā |
| accusative | *mītom | *mītou | *mītā |
| genitive | *mītī | *mītous | *mītom |
| dative | *mītūi | *mītobom | *mītobos |
| instrumental | *mītū | *mītobim | *mītobis |
Reconstruction notes
[edit]- KPV presumes this verb acquired the exact same form as the homonymous verb meaning "bind".
- This verb from an originally laryngeal-free root was reshaped after verbs with originally laryngeal-final roots like *binati; this analogy is apparent in both the past participle (evidenced in Middle Cornish tremit (“effort”)) and Middle Welsh tramwy.
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*mi-nu-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 271
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*mi-nV-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 271
- ^ Schumacher, Stefan, Schulze-Thulin, Britta (2004) Die keltischen Primärverben: ein vergleichendes, etymologisches und morphologisches Lexikon [The Celtic Primary Verbs: A comparative, etymological and morphological lexicon] (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 110) (in German), Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck, →ISBN, pages 485-486