frontier

See also: Frontier

English

Etymology

From Middle English frounter, from Old French fronter (whence Modern French frontière), from front.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˈfɹʌntɪə/, /ˈfɹɒntɪə/, /ˈfɹʌntjə/, /ˈfɹɒntjə/, /fɹʌnˈtɪə/, /fɹɒnˈtɪə/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /fɹʌnˈtɪɹ/, /fɹɑnˈtɪɹ/
• (obsolete) IPA^(key): /ˈfɹʌnt͡ʃə/
• Rhymes: -ɪə(ɹ)
• Hyphenation: fron‧tier

• Audio (US):

  (file)

Noun

frontier (plural frontiers)

1. The part of a country which borders or faces another country or unsettled region.

   Synonyms: march, marches, border, marchland, borderland

   the frontier of civilization

   • 1960 December, Cecil J. Allen, “Operating a mountain main line: the Bern-Lötschberg-Simplon: Part One”, in Trains Illustrated, page 743:

     From time to time the coaches of the Lötschberg Railway itself, which in comfort and décor can rank with the finest in Europe today, travel far from the frontiers of Switzerland on through workings such as these.

   • 1979, Richard Elphic, Hermann Guilomee (editors), The shaping of South African Society, 1652 - 1820, page 297:

     Unlike a boundary, which evokes the image of a line on a map and demarcates spheres of political control, the frontier is an area where colonisation is taking place....no authority is recognised as legitimate by all parties or is able to excersise undisputed control over the area.

2. The most advanced or recent version of something; the leading edge.

   Near-synonyms: vanguard, state of the art

   the frontier of solid state electronics

3. (obsolete) An outwork of a fortification.
   • c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Fourth, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iii]:

     thou hast talk'd. Of sallies and retires, of trenches, tents,
     Of palisadoes, frontiers, parapets

Derived terms

• cyberfrontier
• efficient frontier
• e-frontier
• final frontier
• frontier AI
• frontier artificial intelligence
• Frontier County
• frontierless
• frontier orbital
• frontiersman
• New Frontier
• nonfrontier
• portfolio frontier
• scientific frontier

 

Translations

part of a country that fronts or faces another country or an unsettled region

• Arabic: حَدّ (ar) m (ḥadd), حُدُود m pl (ḥudūd)
• Armenian: սահման (hy) (sahman)
• Avestan: 𐬨𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬀 (mar^əza)
• Belarusian: мяжа́ f (mjažá), грані́ца f (hraníca)
• Bulgarian: гра́ница (bg) f (gránica)
• Catalan: frontera (ca) f
• Chinese:

  Gan: 國界／国界 (goet⁷ gai⁴)

  Mandarin: 邊界／边界 (zh) (biānjiè), 邊疆／边疆 (zh) (biānjiāng), 邊境／边境 (zh) (biānjìng), 國境／国境 (zh) (guójìng), 國界／国界 (zh) (guójiè)

• Czech: pohraničí (cs) n, pomezí n, hranice (cs) f
• Danish: grænse (da) c, landegrænse c, grænseområde n
• Dutch: grens (nl) f, landgrens (nl) f
• Dzongkha: མཚམས (mtshams), ཁྲ་ཡི་ན (khra yi na)
• Estonian: piir (et)
• Fakkanci: ɘ̄r-kèŋgì
• Faroese: landamark n
• Finnish: raja (fi) (border), rajaseutu, rajamaa (fi) (areas near the border)
• French: frontière (fr) f
• German: Grenzland n, Grenzgebiet (de) n, Grenzgegend f, Grenze (de) f, Mark (de) f (historical), Grenzmark (de) f
• Greek: σύνορο (el) n (sýnoro)

  Ancient: ὅρος m (hóros)

• Hindi: सीमा (hi) f (sīmā), सरहद (hi) f (sarhad), सीमांचल (sīmāñcal)
• Hungarian: határ (hu)
• Ido: frontiero (io)
• Indonesian: padan (id), sempadan (id)
• Italian: confine (it) f, frontiera (it) f
• Japanese: 境界 (ja) (きょうかい, kyōkai), 国境 (ja) (くにざかい, kunizakai, こっきょう, kokkyō)
• Khmer: ទល់ដែន (tŭəl daen), ជាយដែន (ciəy daen)
• Korean: 경계(境界) (ko) (gyeonggye), 국경(國境) (ko) (gukgyeong)
• Latin: finis (la) m
• Latvian: robeža (lv) f, pierobeža f
• Ligurian: confìnn-a
• Lithuanian: siena (lt) f
• Macedonian: граница (mk) f (granica)
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: landegrense m or f

  Nynorsk: landegrense f

• Occitan: frontièra (oc) f
• Persian: مرز (fa) (marz), سرحد (fa) (sarhad)
• Polish: granica (pl) f
• Portuguese: fronteira (pt) f
• Romanian: frontieră (ro) f
• Russian: грани́ца (ru) f (graníca), рубе́ж (ru) m (rubéž), окра́ина (ru) f (okráina), межа́ (ru) f (mežá), кордо́н (ru) m (kordón)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: гра̀ница f

  Roman: grànica (sh) f

• Slovak: hranica f
• Slovene: meja (sl) f
• Spanish: frontera (es) f
• Swedish: landgräns (sv) c, gräns (sv) c
• Tajik: сарҳад (sarhad), ҳудуд (tg) (hudud)
• Ukrainian: кордо́н (uk) m (kordón), грани́ця f (hranýcja), рубі́ж m (rubíž), межа́ f (mežá)
• Urdu: سَرحَد f (sarhad)

Verb

frontier (third-person singular simple present frontiers, present participle frontiering, simple past and past participle frontiered)

1. (intransitive) To live as pioneers on frontier territory.
2. (transitive, obsolete) To place on the frontier.
   • 1596 (date written; published 1633), Edmund Spenser, A Vewe of the Present State of Irelande […], Dublin: […] Societie of Stationers, […], →OCLC; republished as A View of the State of Ireland […] (Ancient Irish Histories), Dublin: […] Society of Stationers, […] Hibernia Press, […] [b]y John Morrison, 1809, →OCLC:

     now that it is no more a Border, nor frontiered with Enemies, why should such Privileges be any more continued?

Further reading

• “frontier”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.