fume

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See also: fumé, and fumê

English

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Etymology

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From Middle English fume, from Old French fum (“smoke, steam, vapour”), from Latin fūmus (“vapour, smoke”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós (“smoke”), from *dʰewh₂- (“to smoke, raise dust”). Doublet of thymus and thymos. More at dun, dusk, dust.

Pronunciation

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  • (UK) IPA(key): /fjuːm/
  • Audio (US):(file)
  • Rhymes: -uːm

Noun

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fume (plural fumes)

  1. A gas or vapour/vapor that is strong-smelling or dangerous to inhale.
    Don't stand around in there breathing the fumes while the adhesive cures.
  2. A material that has been vaporized from the solid or liquid state to the gas state and re-coalesced to the solid state.
    Lead fume is a greyish powder, mainly comprising lead sulfate.
  3. Rage or excitement which deprives the mind of self-control.
    • 1692–1717, Robert South, Twelve Sermons Preached upon Several Occasions, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), London:
      The Fumes of his Passion do as really intoxicate and confound his judging and discerning Faculty , as the Fumes of Drink discompose and stupify the Brain of a Man over - charged with it.
    • 1855 December – 1857 June, Charles Dickens, Little Dorrit, London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1857, →OCLC:
      In his execution of this mission, Mr Tinkler perhaps expressed that Mr Dorrit was in a raging fume.
  4. Anything unsubstantial or airy; idle conceit; vain imagination.
    • a. 1627 (date written), Francis [Bacon], “Considerations Touching a VVarre vvith Spaine. […]”, in William Rawley, editor, Certaine Miscellany VVorks of the Right Honourable Francis Lo. Verulam, Viscount S. Alban. […], London: […] I. Hauiland for Humphrey Robinson, […], published 1629, →OCLC:
      a show of fumes and fancies
  5. The incense of praise; inordinate flattery.
  6. (obsolete) A passionate person.

Usage notes

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  • In the sense of strong-smelling or dangerous vapor, the noun is typically plural, as in the example.

Derived terms

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Translations

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Verb

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fume (third-person singular simple present fumes, present participle fuming, simple past and past participle fumed)

  1. (transitive) To expose (something) to fumes; specifically, to expose wood, etc., to ammonia in order to produce dark tints.
  2. (transitive) To apply or offer incense to.
    • 1740, John Dyer, “The Ruins of Rome. A Poem.”, in Poems. [...] Viz. I. Grongar Hill. II. The Ruins of Rome. III. The Fleece, in Four Books, London: Printed by John Hughs, for Messrs. R[obert] and J[ames] Dodsley, […], published 1759, →OCLC, pages 42–43:
      Tyrian garbs, / Neptunian Albion's high teſtaceous food [i.e., oysters], / And flavour'd Chian wines with incenſe fum'd / To ſlake Patrician thirſt: for theſe, their rights / In the vile ſtreets they proſtitute to ſale; / Their ancient rights, their dignities, their laws, / Their native glorious freedom.
  3. (intransitive) To emit fumes.
    • 1667, John Milton, “Book X”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:
      where the golden altar fumed
    • a. 1686, Earl of Roscommon [i.e., Wentworth Dillon, 4th Earl of Roscommon], Samuel Johnson, “Virgil’s Sixth Eclogue, Silenus”, in The Works of the English Poets. With Prefaces, Biographical and Critical, […], volumes X (The Poems of Rochester, Roscommon, and Yalden), London: […] E. Cox; for C. Bathurst, […], published 1779, page 234, →OCLC:
      Young Chromis and Mnaſylus chanc'd to ſtray / Where (ſleeping in a cave) Silenus lay, / Whoſe conſtant cups fly fuming to his brain, / And always boil in each extended vein; / His truſty flaggon, full of potent juice, / Was hanging by, worn thin with age and uſe; [...]
  4. (intransitive) To pass off in fumes or vapours.
  5. (intransitive, figuratively) To express or feel great anger.
    He’s still fuming about the argument they had yesterday.
  6. (intransitive, figuratively) To be as in a mist; to be dulled and stupefied.

Derived terms

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Translations

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Asturian

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Verb

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fume

  1. first-person singular present subjunctive of fumar
  2. third-person singular present subjunctive of fumar

French

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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fume

  1. inflection of fumer:
    1. first/third-person singular present indicative/subjunctive
    2. second-person singular imperative

Anagrams

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Galician

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Attested since circa 1300. From Old Galician-Portuguese fumo (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin fūmus, although the final vowel could imply an Old French borrowing. Cognate with Portuguese fumo and Spanish humo.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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fume m (plural fumes)

  1. smoke
    • c. 1300, R. Martínez López, editor, General Estoria. Versión gallega del siglo XIV, Oviedo: Publicacións de Archivum, page 209:
      coyda que o bafo et fume daquel fogo que ensuzou et [empoçoou] as agoas et aterra daly
      he thinks that the fumes and the smoke of that fire defiled and poisoned the waters and the soil there
    • 1348, J. Méndez Pérez & al. (eds.), El monasterio de San Salvador de Chantada, Santiago de Compostela: I. Padre Sarmiento, page 326:
      a vida deste mundo he asy como a sonbra, et quando ome se deleyta en ella he asy como o fumo' que se vay logo
      the life in this world is like the shadow, and when a man delight in it is like the smoke, which soon goes away
  2. fume
    Synonyms: bafo, vapor
  3. (figurative, in the plural) haughtiness
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Verb

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fume

  1. inflection of fumar:
    1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
    2. third-person singular imperative

References

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Latin

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Noun

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fūme

  1. vocative singular of fūmus

Middle English

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Etymology 1

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Borrowed from Old French fum, from Latin fūmus, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós.

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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fume (plural fumes)

  1. Visible gaseous emanations; fumes or smoke.
  2. Any sort of vapour or gaseous emanation.
  3. (physiology) Fumes as the supposed cause of feelings.
  4. (rare) An airborne scent or odour.
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Descendants
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  • English: fume
  • Scots: fume
References
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Etymology 2

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From Old French fumer.

Verb

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fume

  1. Alternative form of fumen

Norwegian Nynorsk

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Verb

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fume (present tense fumar, past tense fuma, past participle fuma, passive infinitive fumast, present participle fumande, imperative fume/fum)

  1. (pre-2012) alternative form of fomme

Portuguese

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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fume

  1. inflection of fumar:
    1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
    2. third-person singular imperative

Spanish

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Verb

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fume

  1. inflection of fumar:
    1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
    2. third-person singular imperative

Tarantino

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Noun

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fume

  1. smoke
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