gniden
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Middle English
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old English gnīdan (“to rub, grind together, crumble”), from Proto-West Germanic *gnīdan, from Proto-Germanic *gnīdaną (“to rub, crush”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰneydʰ-, *gʰneyd- (“to gnaw, chew, scratch, rub”); compare gnodden.
Cognate with Danish gnide (“to rub”), Swedish gnida (“to rub, scrape”), Icelandic gníða (“to rub”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]gniden (third-person singular simple present gnideth, present participle gnidynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative *gnod, past participle gniden) (rare)
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of gniden (strong class 1)
infinitive | (to) gniden | ||
---|---|---|---|
present tense | past tense | ||
1st-person singular | gnide | *gnod | |
2nd-person singular | gnidest | *gnode, gnide, *gnod | |
3rd-person singular | gnideth | *gnod | |
subjunctive singular | gnide | *gnode1, gnide1 | |
imperative singular | — | ||
plural2 | gniden, gnide | *gnoden, *gnode, gniden, gnide | |
imperative plural | gnideth, gnide | — | |
participles | gnidynge, gnidende | gniden, gnide, ygniden, ygnide |
1Replaced by the indicative in later Middle English.
2Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.
Synonyms
[edit]- gnodden (all senses)
References
[edit]- “gnīden, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Swedish
[edit]Adjective
[edit]gniden (comparative mer gniden, superlative mest gniden)
Declension
[edit]Inflection of gniden | |||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Positive | Comparative | Superlative2 |
Common singular | gniden | gnidnare | gnidnast |
Neuter singular | gnidet | gnidnare | gnidnast |
Plural | gnidna | gnidnare | gnidnast |
Masculine plural3 | gnidne | gnidnare | gnidnast |
Definite | Positive | Comparative | Superlative |
Masculine singular1 | gnidne | gnidnare | gnidnaste |
All | gnidna | gnidnare | gnidnaste |
1) Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine. 2) The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative. 3) Dated or archaic |
References
[edit]Categories:
- Middle English terms inherited from Old English
- Middle English terms derived from Old English
- Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Middle English lemmas
- Middle English verbs
- Middle English rare terms
- Middle English class 1 strong verbs
- Swedish lemmas
- Swedish adjectives