hofu

Swahili

Alternative forms

• hawafu, (obsolete) khofu

Etymology

From Arabic خَوْف (ḵawf).

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

Noun

hofu (n class, plural hofu)

1. fear

Synonyms

• woga

Verb

-hofu (infinitive kuhofu)

1. to fear, be afraid

Conjugation

Conjugation of -hofu
Positive present -nahofu Subjunctive -hofu Negative -hofu Imperative singular hofu
Infinitives
Positive kuhofu Negative kutohofu
Imperatives
Singular hofu Plural hofuni
Tensed forms
Habitual huhofu Positive past positive subject concord + -lihofu Negative past negative subject concord + -kuhofu
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nahofu) Singular Plural 1st person ninahofu/nahofu tunahofu 2nd person unahofu mnahofu 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anahofu wanahofu other classes positive subject concord + -nahofu
Negative present (negative subject concord + -hofu) Singular Plural 1st person sihofu hatuhofu 2nd person huhofu hamhofu 3rd person m-wa(I/II) hahofu hawahofu other classes negative subject concord + -hofu
Positive future positive subject concord + -tahofu Negative future negative subject concord + -tahofu
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -hofu) Singular Plural 1st person nihofu tuhofu 2nd person uhofu mhofu 3rd person m-wa(I/II) ahofu wahofu other classes positive subject concord + -hofu
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sihofu Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngehofu Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singehofu Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalihofu Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalihofu
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -ahofu) Singular Plural 1st person nahofu twahofu 2nd person wahofu mwahofu 3rd person m-wa(I/II) ahofu wahofu m-mi(III/IV) wahofu yahofu ji-ma(V/VI) lahofu yahofu ki-vi(VII/VIII) chahofu vyahofu n(IX/X) yahofu zahofu u(XI) wahofu see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwahofu pa(XVI) pahofu mu(XVIII) mwahofu
Perfect positive subject concord + -mehofu "Already" positive subject concord + -meshahofu "Not yet" negative subject concord + -jahofu "If/When" positive subject concord + -kihofu "If not" positive subject concord + -sipohofu Consecutive kahofu / positive subject concord + -kahofu Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kahofu
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -nihofu -tuhofu 2nd person -kuhofu -wahofu/-kuhofuni/-wahofuni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mhofu -wahofu m-mi(III/IV) -uhofu -ihofu ji-ma(V/VI) -lihofu -yahofu ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kihofu -vihofu n(IX/X) -ihofu -zihofu u(XI) -uhofu see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kuhofu pa(XVI) -pahofu mu(XVIII) -muhofu Reflexive -jihofu
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -hofu- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -hofuye -hofuo m-mi(III/IV) -hofuo -hofuyo ji-ma(V/VI) -hofulo -hofuyo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -hofucho -hofuvyo n(IX/X) -hofuyo -hofuzo u(XI) -hofuo see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -hofuko pa(XVI) -hofupo mu(XVIII) -hofumo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -hofu) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yehofu -ohofu m-mi(III/IV) -ohofu -yohofu ji-ma(V/VI) -lohofu -yohofu ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chohofu -vyohofu n(IX/X) -yohofu -zohofu u(XI) -ohofu see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kohofu pa(XVI) -pohofu mu(XVIII) -mohofu
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Synonyms

• -ogopa

Derived terms

• Verbal derivations:
  • Applicative: -hofia
  • Causative: -hofisha
  • Passive: -hofiwa
  • Reciprocal: -hofiana