jade

See also: Jade, jáde, jäde, jadę, јаде, and яде

English

A jadeite ball

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d͡ʒeɪd/

  • Audio (Southern England):

    (file)

• Rhymes: -eɪd

Etymology 1

Borrowed from French le jade, rebracketing of earlier l’éjade (“jade”), from Spanish piedra de ijada (“flank stone”), via Vulgar Latin *iliata from Latin ilia (“flank”). (Jade was thought to cure pains in the side.)

Noun

jade (usually uncountable, plural jades)

2. A semiprecious stone, either nephrite or jadeite, generally green or white in color, often used for carving figurines.

   Synonyms: jadestone, jade stone, yu

   • 2012 March, Lee A. Groat, “Gemstones”, in American Scientist‎^[1], volume 100, number 2, archived from the original on 14 June 2012, page 128:

     Although there are dozens of different types of gems, among the best known and most important are diamond, ruby and sapphire, emerald and other gem forms of the mineral beryl, chrysoberyl, tanzanite, tsavorite, topaz and jade.

3. A bright shade of slightly bluish or greyish green, typical of polished jade stones.

   jade:  

   Synonym: jade green

4. A succulent plant, Crassula ovata.

   Synonyms: jade plant, lucky plant, money plant, money tree

Translations

gem

• Afrikaans: jade (af)
• Arabic: يَشْم m (yašm), يَشْب m (yašb)
• Armenian: նեֆրիտ (hy) (nefrit)
• Baba Malay: giok
• Basque: jade
• Belarusian: нефры́т m (njefrýt), жад m (žad)
• Bulgarian: нефрит (bg) m (nefrit)
• Burmese: ကျောက်စိမ်း (my) (kyaukcim:)
• Catalan: jade (ca) m
• Chinese: 玉 (zh) (yù), 玉石 (zh) (yùshí)
• Corsican: ghjada, ghjadu, ghiada
• Czech: jadeit m
• Danish: jade (da) n
• Dutch: jade (nl) n
• Dzongkha: གཡང་ཊི (g.yang ṭi)
• Esperanto: jado (eo)
• Faroese: játa f, jada f
• Finnish: jade (fi)
• French: jade (fr) m
• Friulian: jade f
• Galician: xade m
• Georgian: ნეფრიტი (nepriṭi)
• German: Jade (de)
• Greek: νεφρίτης (el) m (nefrítis)
• Hebrew: יַרְקָן (he) m (yarqán)
• Hindi: मरगज (margaj)
• Hungarian: jáde (hu)
• Ido: jado (io)
• Indonesian: giok (id)
• Irish: séad m
• Italian: giada (it) f
• Japanese: 翡翠 (ja) (ひすい, hisui)
• Javanese: giok
• Khmer: យក់ (km) (yŭək)
• Korean: 비취 (bichwi), 옥 (ko) (ok), 경옥 (gyeong'ok)
• Lao: ຢົກ (yok)
• Latin: jadeītēs m
• Macedonian: жад m (žad), не́фрит m (néfrit)
• Malay: jed (Malaysia, Singapore), giok (ms) (Sumatra, Singapore)
• Maori: pounamu (mi)
• Mongolian: хаш (mn) (xaš)
• Nahuatl: chalchihuitl (nah)
• Norwegian: jade (no)

  Bokmål: jade (no)

  Nynorsk: jade

• Persian: یشم سبز (yašm-e sabz)
• Polish: żad m
• Portuguese: jade (pt) m
• Romanian: jad (ro) n
• Russian: нефри́т (ru) m (nefrít) (nephrite), жадеи́т (ru) m (žadeít) (jadeite), жад (ru) m (žad)
• Spanish: jade (es) m
• Swahili: yakuti kijani
• Swedish: jade (sv)
• Tagalog: hade
• Thai: หยก (th) (yòk)
• Tibetan: གཡང་ཊི (g.yang ṭi)
• Turkish: yeşim (tr)
• Ukrainian: нефри́т m (nefrýt), жад m (žad)
• Uyghur: قاشتاش (qashtash)
• Venetan: please add this translation if you can
• Vietnamese: ngọc thạch (vi)
• Yiddish: please add this translation if you can

colour

• Danish: jadegrøn c
• Dutch: jadegroen n
• Estonian: nefriitroheline (et)
• Finnish: jadenvihreä
• German: jadegrün (de)
• Hungarian: jádezöld
• Indonesian: batu lumut, biru empedu, biru giok
• Norwegian: jadegrønn
• Persian: یشمی (fa) (yašmi)
• Romanian: verde ca jadul
• Swahili: rangi ya yakuti kijani
• Swedish: jadegrön (sv)

succulent plant — see money plant

Derived terms

• Caledon jade green
• dwarf jade
• golden jade
• hard jade
• imperial jade
• jade egg
• jade gate
• jade green
• jadeite
• jade plant
• jade stalk
• jade vine
• new jade
• pseudojade
• red jade
• soft jade
• vat jade green
• vesuvianite jade
• Vesuvian jade

 

See also

• agate
• californite
• greenstone
• nephrite
• quartz
• serpentine
• yulan

 

• Appendix:Colors

Adjective

jade (not comparable)

1. Of a grayish shade of green, typical of jade stones.

Etymology 2

From Middle English jade, chade, either a variant of yaud or merely influenced by it. Yaud derives from Old Norse jalda (“mare”), from a Uralic language, such as Moksha эльде (eľďe) or Erzya эльде (eľďe). See yaud for more.

Noun

jade (plural jades)

2. A horse too old to be put to work.

   Synonyms: nag, yaud

   • c. 1590–1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Two Gentlemen of Verona”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i], page 30, column 2:

     Shee hath more qualities then a Water-Spaniell, […] Shee can fetch and carry: why a horſe can doe no more; nay, a horſe cannot fetch, but onely carry, therefore is ſhee better then a Iade.

   • 1640 (date written), H[enry] M[ore], “ΨΥΧΟΖΩΙΑ [Psychozōia], or A Christiano-platonicall Display of Life, […]”, in ΨΥΧΩΔΙΑ [Psychōdia] Platonica: Or A Platonicall Song of the Soul, […], Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: […] Roger Daniel, printer to the Universitie, published 1642, →OCLC, book 2, stanza 47, page 26:

     [F]requent jot / Of his hard ſetting jade did ſo confound / The vvords that he by papyr-ſtealth had got, / That their loſt ſenſe the youngſter could not ſound, / Though he vvith mimical attention did abound.

   • 1759, [Laurence Sterne], chapter X, in The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman, 2nd (1st London) edition, volume I, London: […] R[obert] and J[ames] Dodsley […], published 1760, →OCLC, page 36:

     Let that be as it may, as my purpoſe is to do exact juſtice to every creature brought upon the ſtage of this dramatic work,—I could not ſtifle this diſtinction in favour of Don Quixote’s horſe;—in all other points the parſon’s horſe, I ſay, was juſt ſuch another,—for he was as lean, and as lank, and as ſorry a jade, as Humility herſelf could have beſtrided.

   • 1803 (date written), [Jane Austen], chapter X, in Northanger Abbey; published in Northanger Abbey: And Persuasion. […], volume I, London: John Murray, […], 20 December 1817 (indicated as 1818), →OCLC, page 201:

     My horse would have trotted to Clifton within the hour, if left to himself, and I have almost broke my arm with pulling him in to that cursed broken-winded jade’s pace.

   • 1886, Peter Christen Asbjørnsen, translated by H. L. Brækstad, Folk and Fairy Tales, page 55:

     The king had no other horse to give him but an old jade, for his six brothers and their men had taken all the other horses, but Ashiepattle did not mind that; he mounted the shabby old nag.

3. (especially derogatory) A bad-tempered or disreputable woman.

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:shrew

   • 1598–1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, Much Adoe about Nothing. […], quarto edition, London: […] V[alentine] S[immes] for Andrew Wise, and William Aspley, published 1600, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i]:

     You alwayes end with a iades tricke, I knowe you of olde.

   • 1749, Henry Fielding, “The Reader’s Neck Brought into Danger by a Description, His Escape, and the Great Condescension of Miss Bridget Allworthy”, in The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, volume I, London: A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC, book I, page 21:

     However, what ſhe withheld from the Infant, ſhe beſtowed with the utmoſt Profuſeneſs on the poor unknown Mother, whom ſhe called an impudent Slut, a wanton Huſſy, an audacious Harlot, a wicked Jade, a vile Strumpet, with every other Appellation with which the Tongue of Virtue never fails to laſh thoſe who bring a Diſgrace on the Sex.

   • 1847 December, Ellis Bell [pseudonym; Emily Brontë], chapter III, in Wuthering Heights: […], volume I, London: Thomas Cautley Newby, […], →OCLC, page 64:

     You shall pay me for the plague of having you eternally in my sight—do you hear, damnable jade?

   • 1847 January – 1848 July, William Makepeace Thackeray, “Family Portraits”, in Vanity Fair […], London: Bradbury and Evans […], published 1848, →OCLC, page 73:

     Sir Pitt Crawley was a philosopher with a taste for what is called low life. His first marriage with the daughter of the noble Binkie had been made under the auspices of his parents; and as he often told Lady Crawley in her life-time she was such a confounded quarrelsome high-bred jade that when she died he was hanged if he would ever take another of her sort […]

Translations

horse too old to be put to work

• Bulgarian: кранта (bg) f (kranta)
• Czech: (stará (cs)) herka (cs) f
• Finnish: luuska (fi)
• French: carne (fr) f
• Georgian: ჯაგლაგი (ka) (ǯaglagi)
• German: alter Gaul m, Gaul (de) m, Klepper (de), Mähre (de) f
• Hungarian: gebe (hu)
• Icelandic: jálkur (is) m
• Italian: ronzino (it)
• Polish: chabeta (pl) f, szkapa (pl) f
• Romanian: gloabă (ro) f, mârțoagă (ro) f
• Russian: кля́ча (ru) f (kljáča), одёр (ru) m (odjór)
• Volapük: lujevod (vo) (male or female)

bad-tempered or disreputable woman

• Finnish: luuska (fi)
• Georgian: კადნიერი ქალი (ḳadnieri kali)
• Macedonian: ку́чка f (kúčka), ве́штерка f (véšterka)
• Russian: него́дница (ru) f (negódnica), ба́ба (ru) f (bába), кля́ча (ru) f (kljáča)
• Welsh: jaden f

Verb

jade (third-person singular simple present jades, present participle jading, simple past and past participle jaded) (transitive)

1. To fatigue, tire, or weary (someone or something).

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:tire

   • a. 1705, John Locke, “Of the Conduct of the Understanding”, in Posthumous Works of Mr. John Locke: […], London: […] A[wnsham] and J[ohn] Churchill, […], published 1706, →OCLC, § 27, page 84:

     [T]he Mind once jaded by an attempt above its Power, it either is diſabl'd for the future, or elſe checks at any vigorous Undertaking ever after, at leaſt is very hardly brought to exert its Force again on any Subject that requires Thought and Meditation.

2. (obsolete) To treat (someone or something) like a jade; to spurn.
   • c. 1606–1607 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Anthonie and Cleopatra”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i], page 352, column 1:

     The nere-yet beaten Horſe of Parthia, / We haue iaded out o'th' Field.

3. (obsolete) To make (someone or something) contemptible and ridiculous.
   • c. 1601–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “Twelfe Night, or What You Will”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene v], page 264, column 1:

     I do not now foole my ſelfe, to let imagination iade mee; for euery reaſon excites to this, that my Lady loues me.

Derived terms

• jaded

Translations

to fatigue, tire, or weary — see also fatigue,‎ tire

• Bulgarian: преуморявам (bg) (preumorjavam)
• Finnish: väsyä (fi), kulua (fi) (intr.), väsyttää (fi), kuluttaa (fi) (tr.)
• Georgian: დაღლა (daɣla), დატანჯვა (daṭanǯva)
• Romanian: epuiza (ro), extenua (ro), obosi (ro)
• Russian: утомля́ть (ru) (utomljátʹ)
• Spanish: hastiar (es), hartar (es), agotar (es), exhaustar

Danish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /jaːdə/, [ˈjæːð̩]
• Rhymes: -aːdə

Noun

jade c (singular definite jaden, uncountable)

1. (mineralogy) jade

Finnish

Etymology

From French jade.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈjɑde/, [ˈjɑ̝de̞]
• Rhymes: -ɑde
• Syllabification^(key): ja‧de

Noun

jade

1. (mineralogy) jade

Declension

Inflection of jade (Kotus type 8/nalle, no gradation)
nominative		jade	jadet
genitive		jaden	jadejen
partitive		jadea	jadeja
illative		jadeen	jadeihin
		singular	plural
nominative		jade	jadet
accusative	nom.	jade	jadet
	gen.	jaden
genitive		jaden	jadejen jadein rare
partitive		jadea	jadeja
inessive		jadessa	jadeissa
elative		jadesta	jadeista
illative		jadeen	jadeihin
adessive		jadella	jadeilla
ablative		jadelta	jadeilta
allative		jadelle	jadeille
essive		jadena	jadeina
translative		jadeksi	jadeiksi
abessive		jadetta	jadeitta
instructive		—	jadein
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of jade (Kotus type 8/nalle, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative jadeni jadeni accusative nom. jadeni jadeni gen. jadeni genitive jadeni jadejeni jadeini rare partitive jadeani jadejani inessive jadessani jadeissani elative jadestani jadeistani illative jadeeni jadeihini adessive jadellani jadeillani ablative jadeltani jadeiltani allative jadelleni jadeilleni essive jadenani jadeinani translative jadekseni jadeikseni abessive jadettani jadeittani instructive — — comitative — jadeineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative jadesi jadesi accusative nom. jadesi jadesi gen. jadesi genitive jadesi jadejesi jadeisi rare partitive jadeasi jadejasi inessive jadessasi jadeissasi elative jadestasi jadeistasi illative jadeesi jadeihisi adessive jadellasi jadeillasi ablative jadeltasi jadeiltasi allative jadellesi jadeillesi essive jadenasi jadeinasi translative jadeksesi jadeiksesi abessive jadettasi jadeittasi instructive — — comitative — jadeinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative jademme jademme accusative nom. jademme jademme gen. jademme genitive jademme jadejemme jadeimme rare partitive jadeamme jadejamme inessive jadessamme jadeissamme elative jadestamme jadeistamme illative jadeemme jadeihimme adessive jadellamme jadeillamme ablative jadeltamme jadeiltamme allative jadellemme jadeillemme essive jadenamme jadeinamme translative jadeksemme jadeiksemme abessive jadettamme jadeittamme instructive — — comitative — jadeinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative jadenne jadenne accusative nom. jadenne jadenne gen. jadenne genitive jadenne jadejenne jadeinne rare partitive jadeanne jadejanne inessive jadessanne jadeissanne elative jadestanne jadeistanne illative jadeenne jadeihinne adessive jadellanne jadeillanne ablative jadeltanne jadeiltanne allative jadellenne jadeillenne essive jadenanne jadeinanne translative jadeksenne jadeiksenne abessive jadettanne jadeittanne instructive — — comitative — jadeinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative jadensa jadensa accusative nom. jadensa jadensa gen. jadensa genitive jadensa jadejensa jadeinsa rare partitive jadeaan jadeansa jadejaan jadejansa inessive jadessaan jadessansa jadeissaan jadeissansa elative jadestaan jadestansa jadeistaan jadeistansa illative jadeensa jadeihinsa adessive jadellaan jadellansa jadeillaan jadeillansa ablative jadeltaan jadeltansa jadeiltaan jadeiltansa allative jadelleen jadellensa jadeilleen jadeillensa essive jadenaan jadenansa jadeinaan jadeinansa translative jadekseen jadeksensa jadeikseen jadeiksensa abessive jadettaan jadettansa jadeittaan jadeittansa instructive — — comitative — jadeineen jadeinensa

Derived terms

compounds

• jademagnolia
• jadenvihreä

 

Further reading

• “jade”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja‎^[2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

French

Etymology

Rebracketed from earlier l’éjade (“jade”), from Spanish piedra de ijada (“flank stone”), via Vulgar Latin *iliata from Latin ilia (“flank”) (jade was thought to cure pains in the side).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʒad/

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

jade m (plural jades)

1. jade

Descendants

• → Catalan: jade
• → English: jade
• → German: Jade
• → Italian: giada
• → Portuguese: jade
• → Romanian: jad
• → Spanish: jade

Further reading

• “jade”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Anagrams

• déjà

Portuguese

Etymology

From French jade, rebracketing of earlier l’éjade (“jade”), from Spanish piedra de ijada (“flank stone”), via Vulgar Latin *iliata from Latin ilia (“flank”) (jade was thought to cure pains in the side).

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈʒa.d͡ʒi/

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈʒa.d͡ʒi/
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈʒa.de/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈʒa.dɨ/ [ˈʒa.ðɨ]

• Rhymes: (Brazil) -ad͡ʒi, (Portugal) -adɨ
• Hyphenation: ja‧de

Noun

jade m (plural jades)

1. jade (gem)

Serbo-Croatian

Noun

jade (Cyrillic spelling јаде)

1. vocative singular of jad

Spanish

Etymology

Borrowed from French jade, back formation from le jade, rebracketing of earlier l’éjade (“jade”), from Spanish piedra de ijada (literally “flank stone”), via Vulgar Latin *iliata from Latin ilia (“flank”) (jade was thought to cure pains in the side).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈxade/ [ˈxa.ð̞e]

• Audio (Venezuela):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ade
• Syllabification: ja‧de

Noun

jade m (plural jades)

1. (mineralogy) jade

Derived terms

• jadeíta

 

Further reading

• “jade”, in Diccionario de la lengua española (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy, 2023 November 28

Anagrams

• deja

Yoruba

Alternative forms

• jáàde (Ekiti, Ondo)

Etymology

From já +‎ òde

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d͡ʒá.ꜜdē/

Verb

jáde

1. to go out