joks

Latvian

Etymology

From Proto-Baltic *yuok-, from Proto-Indo-European *yōk-, the o-grade of *yek- (“to speak”) (whence also Sanskrit याचति (yā́cati, “to ask, to beg”) < (“to say solemnly”)). A minority opinion is that joks is a borrowing from Latin iocus, via a Germanic language. The term is attested in 17th-century dictionaries, where smiekli (“laugh”) is a synonym; these terms became semantically differentiatiated by the mid-19th century, when the meaning of smiekli was broadened. Cognates include Lithuanian juõkas (“laugh, laughter; joke, joking; jesting, fun”), Latin iocus (“joke, jest”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [juōks]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

joks m (1st declension)

1. joke, jest (words or behavior that amuses, causes laughter)

   asprātīgi, muļķīgi, sekli joki ― witty, stupid, shallow jokes

   stāstīt jokus ― to tell jokes

   tas tik bija joks! ― this was such a joke!

   joku stāsts ― humorous story

   joka pēc, joka dēļ ― just for fun

   humoram jāieņem liela vieta cilvēka dzīvē... bez joka, bez smiekliem nevar dzīvot! ― humor must take an important part in human life... without joke(s), without laughs one cannot live!

2. joke (words or actions not meant to be taken seriously)

   pa jokam ― jokingly, not seriously (lit. by joke)

   nav (nekāds) joks ― this is no joke

   nav joka lieta ― this is no joke

   bez jokiem ― no joke (= this is serious)

   nebaidies, tas bija tikai joks ― don't be afraid, that was only a joke

   netici viņam, tie bija tikai muļķīgi joki ― don't believe him, these were just stupid jokes

Declension

Declension of joks (1st declension)

	singular (vienskaitlis)	plural (daudzskaitlis)
nominative (nominatīvs)	joks	joki
accusative (akuzatīvs)	joku	jokus
genitive (ģenitīvs)	joka	joku
dative (datīvs)	jokam	jokiem
instrumental (instrumentālis)	joku	jokiem
locative (lokatīvs)	jokā	jokos
vocative (vokatīvs)	jok	joki

Derived terms

• jocīgs, jocīgums
• jokdaris, jokdare
• jokot, jokoties
• jokupēteris

Lithuanian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *Hyéh₂-kos (“that, who, which”). The negative meaning of the Lithuanian term comes from an earlier *nijóks (“neither”), with the negative prefix (from Proto-Balto-Slavic *nei) being later dropped.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [joːks]

Adjective

jóks m (feminine jokià)

1. no

Declension

declension of joks

	masculine			feminine
	singular	plural		singular	plural
nominative	jóks	jokiẽ		jokià	jókios
genitive	jókio	jokių̃		jokiõs	jokių̃
dative	jokiám	jokíems		jókiai	jokióms
accusative	jókį	jókius		jókią	jókias
instrumental	jókiu	jokiaĩs		jókia	jokiomìs
locative	jokiamè	jokiuosè		jokiojè	jokiosè

Pronoun

jóks

1. no

Declension

declension of joks

	masculine			feminine
	singular	plural		singular	plural
nominative	jóks	jokiẽ		jokià	jókios
genitive	jókio	jokių̃		jokiõs	jokių̃
dative	jokiám	jokíems		jókiai	jokióms
accusative	jókį	jókius		jókią	jókias
instrumental	jókiu	jokiaĩs		jókia	jokiomìs
locative	jokiamè	jokiuosè		jokiojè	jokiosè

See also

• koks
• toks