ngcwaba

Northern Ndebele

Etymology

Probably from a Khoe language. Compare Khoekhoe ǀhowas (“grave”). However, it could come from a Tuu language. Compare Nǀuu ŋǀoβa (“bury”).

Verb

-ngcwaba^?

1. to bury

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Swazi

Etymology

Probably from a Khoe language. Compare Khoekhoe ǀhowas (“grave”). However, it could come from a Tuu language. Compare Nǀuu ŋǀoβa (“bury”).

Verb

-ngcwába

1. to bury

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Xhosa

Etymology

Probably from a Khoe language. Compare Khoekhoe ǀhowas (“grave”). However, it could come from a Tuu language. Compare Nǀuu ŋǀoβa (“bury”).

Verb

-ngcwaba

1. (transitive) to bury

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

References

• Louw, J.A. (2013) “The Impact of Khoesan on Southern Bantu”, in Vossen, Rainer, editor, The Khoesan Languages, Routledge, →ISBN, pages 435-444

Zulu

Etymology

Probably from a Khoe language. Compare Khoekhoe ǀhowas (“grave”). However, it could come from a Tuu language. Compare Nǀuu ŋǀoβa (“bury”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ᵑǀʱwâːɓa/

Verb

-ngcwâba

1. (transitive) to bury

Inflection

Tone HH
Infinitive	ukungcwaba
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukungcwaba	ukungangcwabi
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	ngcwaba	-ngcwabe
Plural	ngcwabani	-ngcwabeni
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyangcwaba, ngingcwaba	engingcwabayo, engingcwaba	ngingcwaba	angingcwabi	engingangcwabi	ngingangcwabi
2nd singular	uyangcwaba, ungcwaba	ongcwabayo, ongcwaba	ungcwaba	awungcwabi	ongangcwabi	ungangcwabi
1st plural	siyangcwaba, singcwaba	esingcwabayo, esingcwaba	singcwaba	asingcwabi	esingangcwabi	singangcwabi
2nd plural	niyangcwaba, ningcwaba	eningcwabayo, eningcwaba	ningcwaba	aningcwabi	eningangcwabi	ningangcwabi
Class 1	uyangcwaba, ungcwaba	ongcwabayo, ongcwaba	engcwaba	akangcwabi	ongangcwabi	engangcwabi
Class 2	bayangcwaba, bangcwaba	abangcwabayo, abangcwaba	bengcwaba	abangcwabi	abangangcwabi	bengangcwabi
Class 3	uyangcwaba, ungcwaba	ongcwabayo, ongcwaba	ungcwaba	awungcwabi	ongangcwabi	ungangcwabi
Class 4	iyangcwaba, ingcwaba	engcwabayo, engcwaba	ingcwaba	ayingcwabi	engangcwabi	ingangcwabi
Class 5	liyangcwaba, lingcwaba	elingcwabayo, elingcwaba	lingcwaba	alingcwabi	elingangcwabi	lingangcwabi
Class 6	ayangcwaba, angcwaba	angcwabayo, angcwaba	engcwaba	awangcwabi	angangcwabi	engangcwabi
Class 7	siyangcwaba, singcwaba	esingcwabayo, esingcwaba	singcwaba	asingcwabi	esingangcwabi	singangcwabi
Class 8	ziyangcwaba, zingcwaba	ezingcwabayo, ezingcwaba	zingcwaba	azingcwabi	ezingangcwabi	zingangcwabi
Class 9	iyangcwaba, ingcwaba	engcwabayo, engcwaba	ingcwaba	ayingcwabi	engangcwabi	ingangcwabi
Class 10	ziyangcwaba, zingcwaba	ezingcwabayo, ezingcwaba	zingcwaba	azingcwabi	ezingangcwabi	zingangcwabi
Class 11	luyangcwaba, lungcwaba	olungcwabayo, olungcwaba	lungcwaba	alungcwabi	olungangcwabi	lungangcwabi
Class 14	buyangcwaba, bungcwaba	obungcwabayo, obungcwaba	bungcwaba	abungcwabi	obungangcwabi	bungangcwabi
Class 15	kuyangcwaba, kungcwaba	okungcwabayo, okungcwaba	kungcwaba	akungcwabi	okungangcwabi	kungangcwabi
Class 17	kuyangcwaba, kungcwaba	okungcwabayo, okungcwaba	kungcwaba	akungcwabi	okungangcwabi	kungangcwabi
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngingcwabile, ngingcwabē	engingcwabile, engingcwabē	ngingcwabile, ngingcwabē	angingcwabanga	engingangcwabanga	ngingangcwabanga
2nd singular	ungcwabile, ungcwabē	ongcwabile, ongcwabē	ungcwabile, ungcwabē	awungcwabanga	ongangcwabanga	ungangcwabanga
1st plural	singcwabile, singcwabē	esingcwabile, esingcwabē	singcwabile, singcwabē	asingcwabanga	esingangcwabanga	singangcwabanga
2nd plural	ningcwabile, ningcwabē	eningcwabile, eningcwabē	ningcwabile, ningcwabē	aningcwabanga	eningangcwabanga	ningangcwabanga
Class 1	ungcwabile, ungcwabē	ongcwabile, ongcwabē	engcwabile, engcwabē	akangcwabanga	ongangcwabanga	engangcwabanga
Class 2	bangcwabile, bangcwabē	abangcwabile, abangcwabē	bengcwabile, bengcwabē	abangcwabanga	abangangcwabanga	bengangcwabanga
Class 3	ungcwabile, ungcwabē	ongcwabile, ongcwabē	ungcwabile, ungcwabē	awungcwabanga	ongangcwabanga	ungangcwabanga
Class 4	ingcwabile, ingcwabē	engcwabile, engcwabē	ingcwabile, ingcwabē	ayingcwabanga	engangcwabanga	ingangcwabanga
Class 5	lingcwabile, lingcwabē	elingcwabile, elingcwabē	lingcwabile, lingcwabē	alingcwabanga	elingangcwabanga	lingangcwabanga
Class 6	angcwabile, angcwabē	angcwabile, angcwabē	engcwabile, engcwabē	awangcwabanga	angangcwabanga	engangcwabanga
Class 7	singcwabile, singcwabē	esingcwabile, esingcwabē	singcwabile, singcwabē	asingcwabanga	esingangcwabanga	singangcwabanga
Class 8	zingcwabile, zingcwabē	ezingcwabile, ezingcwabē	zingcwabile, zingcwabē	azingcwabanga	ezingangcwabanga	zingangcwabanga
Class 9	ingcwabile, ingcwabē	engcwabile, engcwabē	ingcwabile, ingcwabē	ayingcwabanga	engangcwabanga	ingangcwabanga
Class 10	zingcwabile, zingcwabē	ezingcwabile, ezingcwabē	zingcwabile, zingcwabē	azingcwabanga	ezingangcwabanga	zingangcwabanga
Class 11	lungcwabile, lungcwabē	olungcwabile, olungcwabē	lungcwabile, lungcwabē	alungcwabanga	olungangcwabanga	lungangcwabanga
Class 14	bungcwabile, bungcwabē	obungcwabile, obungcwabē	bungcwabile, bungcwabē	abungcwabanga	obungangcwabanga	bungangcwabanga
Class 15	kungcwabile, kungcwabē	okungcwabile, okungcwabē	kungcwabile, kungcwabē	akungcwabanga	okungangcwabanga	kungangcwabanga
Class 17	kungcwabile, kungcwabē	okungcwabile, okungcwabē	kungcwabile, kungcwabē	akungcwabanga	okungangcwabanga	kungangcwabanga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngāngcwaba	engāngcwaba	ngāngcwaba	angingcwabanga	engingangcwabanga	ngingangcwabanga
2nd singular	wāngcwaba	owāngcwaba	wāngcwaba	awungcwabanga	ongangcwabanga	ungangcwabanga
1st plural	sāngcwaba	esāngcwaba	sāngcwaba	asingcwabanga	esingangcwabanga	singangcwabanga
2nd plural	nāngcwaba	enāngcwaba	nāngcwaba	aningcwabanga	eningangcwabanga	ningangcwabanga
Class 1	wāngcwaba	owāngcwaba	āngcwaba	akangcwabanga	ongangcwabanga	engangcwabanga
Class 2	bāngcwaba	abāngcwaba	bāngcwaba	abangcwabanga	abangangcwabanga	bengangcwabanga
Class 3	wāngcwaba	owāngcwaba	wāngcwaba	awungcwabanga	ongangcwabanga	ungangcwabanga
Class 4	yāngcwaba	eyāngcwaba	yāngcwaba	ayingcwabanga	engangcwabanga	ingangcwabanga
Class 5	lāngcwaba	elāngcwaba	lāngcwaba	alingcwabanga	elingangcwabanga	lingangcwabanga
Class 6	āngcwaba	āngcwaba	āngcwaba	awangcwabanga	angangcwabanga	engangcwabanga
Class 7	sāngcwaba	esāngcwaba	sāngcwaba	asingcwabanga	esingangcwabanga	singangcwabanga
Class 8	zāngcwaba	ezāngcwaba	zāngcwaba	azingcwabanga	ezingangcwabanga	zingangcwabanga
Class 9	yāngcwaba	eyāngcwaba	yāngcwaba	ayingcwabanga	engangcwabanga	ingangcwabanga
Class 10	zāngcwaba	ezāngcwaba	zāngcwaba	azingcwabanga	ezingangcwabanga	zingangcwabanga
Class 11	lwāngcwaba	olwāngcwaba	lwāngcwaba	alungcwabanga	olungangcwabanga	lungangcwabanga
Class 14	bāngcwaba	obāngcwaba	bāngcwaba	abungcwabanga	obungangcwabanga	bungangcwabanga
Class 15	kwāngcwaba	okwāngcwaba	kwāngcwaba	akungcwabanga	okungangcwabanga	kungangcwabanga
Class 17	kwāngcwaba	okwāngcwaba	kwāngcwaba	akungcwabanga	okungangcwabanga	kungangcwabanga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngingangcwaba	—	ngingangcwaba	ngingengcwabe	—	ngingengcwabe
2nd singular	ungangcwaba	—	ungangcwaba	ungengcwabe	—	ungengcwabe
1st plural	singangcwaba	—	singangcwaba	singengcwabe	—	singengcwabe
2nd plural	ningangcwaba	—	ningangcwaba	ningengcwabe	—	ningengcwabe
Class 1	angangcwaba	—	engangcwaba	angengcwabe	—	engengcwabe
Class 2	bangangcwaba	—	bengangcwaba	bangengcwabe	—	bengengcwabe
Class 3	ungangcwaba	—	ungangcwaba	ungengcwabe	—	ungengcwabe
Class 4	ingangcwaba	—	ingangcwaba	ingengcwabe	—	ingengcwabe
Class 5	lingangcwaba	—	lingangcwaba	lingengcwabe	—	lingengcwabe
Class 6	angangcwaba	—	engangcwaba	angengcwabe	—	engengcwabe
Class 7	singangcwaba	—	singangcwaba	singengcwabe	—	singengcwabe
Class 8	zingangcwaba	—	zingangcwaba	zingengcwabe	—	zingengcwabe
Class 9	ingangcwaba	—	ingangcwaba	ingengcwabe	—	ingengcwabe
Class 10	zingangcwaba	—	zingangcwaba	zingengcwabe	—	zingengcwabe
Class 11	lungangcwaba	—	lungangcwaba	lungengcwabe	—	lungengcwabe
Class 14	bungangcwaba	—	bungangcwaba	bungengcwabe	—	bungengcwabe
Class 15	kungangcwaba	—	kungangcwaba	kungengcwabe	—	kungengcwabe
Class 17	kungangcwaba	—	kungangcwaba	kungengcwabe	—	kungengcwabe
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizongcwaba	engizongcwaba	ngizongcwaba	angizungcwaba	engingezungcwaba	ngingezungcwaba
2nd singular	uzongcwaba	ozongcwaba	uzongcwaba	awuzungcwaba	ongezungcwaba	ungezungcwaba
1st plural	sizongcwaba	esizongcwaba	sizongcwaba	asizungcwaba	esingezungcwaba	singezungcwaba
2nd plural	nizongcwaba	enizongcwaba	nizongcwaba	anizungcwaba	eningezungcwaba	ningezungcwaba
Class 1	uzongcwaba	ozongcwaba	ezongcwaba	akazungcwaba	ongezungcwaba	engezungcwaba
Class 2	bazongcwaba	abazongcwaba	bezongcwaba	abazungcwaba	abangezungcwaba	bengezungcwaba
Class 3	uzongcwaba	ozongcwaba	uzongcwaba	awuzungcwaba	ongezungcwaba	ungezungcwaba
Class 4	izongcwaba	ezongcwaba	izongcwaba	ayizungcwaba	engezungcwaba	ingezungcwaba
Class 5	lizongcwaba	elizongcwaba	lizongcwaba	alizungcwaba	elingezungcwaba	lingezungcwaba
Class 6	azongcwaba	azongcwaba	ezongcwaba	awazungcwaba	angezungcwaba	engezungcwaba
Class 7	sizongcwaba	esizongcwaba	sizongcwaba	asizungcwaba	esingezungcwaba	singezungcwaba
Class 8	zizongcwaba	ezizongcwaba	zizongcwaba	azizungcwaba	ezingezungcwaba	zingezungcwaba
Class 9	izongcwaba	ezongcwaba	izongcwaba	ayizungcwaba	engezungcwaba	ingezungcwaba
Class 10	zizongcwaba	ezizongcwaba	zizongcwaba	azizungcwaba	ezingezungcwaba	zingezungcwaba
Class 11	luzongcwaba	oluzongcwaba	luzongcwaba	aluzungcwaba	olungezungcwaba	lungezungcwaba
Class 14	buzongcwaba	obuzongcwaba	buzongcwaba	abuzungcwaba	obungezungcwaba	bungezungcwaba
Class 15	kuzongcwaba	okuzongcwaba	kuzongcwaba	akuzungcwaba	okungezungcwaba	kungezungcwaba
Class 17	kuzongcwaba	okuzongcwaba	kuzongcwaba	akuzungcwaba	okungezungcwaba	kungezungcwaba
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyongcwaba	engiyongcwaba	ngiyongcwaba	angiyungcwaba	engingeyungcwaba	ngingeyungcwaba
2nd singular	uyongcwaba	oyongcwaba	uyongcwaba	awuyungcwaba	ongeyungcwaba	ungeyungcwaba
1st plural	siyongcwaba	esiyongcwaba	siyongcwaba	asiyungcwaba	esingeyungcwaba	singeyungcwaba
2nd plural	niyongcwaba	eniyongcwaba	niyongcwaba	aniyungcwaba	eningeyungcwaba	ningeyungcwaba
Class 1	uyongcwaba	oyongcwaba	eyongcwaba	akayungcwaba	ongeyungcwaba	engeyungcwaba
Class 2	bayongcwaba	abayongcwaba	beyongcwaba	abayungcwaba	abangeyungcwaba	bengeyungcwaba
Class 3	uyongcwaba	oyongcwaba	uyongcwaba	awuyungcwaba	ongeyungcwaba	ungeyungcwaba
Class 4	iyongcwaba	eyongcwaba	iyongcwaba	ayiyungcwaba	engeyungcwaba	ingeyungcwaba
Class 5	liyongcwaba	eliyongcwaba	liyongcwaba	aliyungcwaba	elingeyungcwaba	lingeyungcwaba
Class 6	ayongcwaba	ayongcwaba	eyongcwaba	awayungcwaba	angeyungcwaba	engeyungcwaba
Class 7	siyongcwaba	esiyongcwaba	siyongcwaba	asiyungcwaba	esingeyungcwaba	singeyungcwaba
Class 8	ziyongcwaba	eziyongcwaba	ziyongcwaba	aziyungcwaba	ezingeyungcwaba	zingeyungcwaba
Class 9	iyongcwaba	eyongcwaba	iyongcwaba	ayiyungcwaba	engeyungcwaba	ingeyungcwaba
Class 10	ziyongcwaba	eziyongcwaba	ziyongcwaba	aziyungcwaba	ezingeyungcwaba	zingeyungcwaba
Class 11	luyongcwaba	oluyongcwaba	luyongcwaba	aluyungcwaba	olungeyungcwaba	lungeyungcwaba
Class 14	buyongcwaba	obuyongcwaba	buyongcwaba	abuyungcwaba	obungeyungcwaba	bungeyungcwaba
Class 15	kuyongcwaba	okuyongcwaba	kuyongcwaba	akuyungcwaba	okungeyungcwaba	kungeyungcwaba
Class 17	kuyongcwaba	okuyongcwaba	kuyongcwaba	akuyungcwaba	okungeyungcwaba	kungeyungcwaba
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngingcwabe	ngingangcwabi
2nd singular	ungcwabe	ungangcwabi
1st plural	singcwabe	singangcwabi
2nd plural	ningcwabe	ningangcwabi
Class 1	angcwabe	angangcwabi
Class 2	bangcwabe	bangangcwabi
Class 3	ungcwabe	ungangcwabi
Class 4	ingcwabe	ingangcwabi
Class 5	lingcwabe	lingangcwabi
Class 6	angcwabe	angangcwabi
Class 7	singcwabe	singangcwabi
Class 8	zingcwabe	zingangcwabi
Class 9	ingcwabe	ingangcwabi
Class 10	zingcwabe	zingangcwabi
Class 11	lungcwabe	lungangcwabi
Class 14	bungcwabe	bungangcwabi
Class 15	kungcwabe	kungangcwabi
Class 17	kungcwabe	kungangcwabi
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngangcwaba	ngangangcwaba, angangcwaba, angangangcwaba
2nd singular	wangcwaba	wangangcwaba, awangcwaba, awangangcwaba
1st plural	sangcwaba	sangangcwaba, asangcwaba, asangangcwaba
2nd plural	nangcwaba	nangangcwaba, anangcwaba, anangangcwaba
Class 1	wangcwaba	wangangcwaba, akangcwaba, akangangcwaba
Class 2	bangcwaba	bangangcwaba, abangcwaba, abangangcwaba
Class 3	wangcwaba	wangangcwaba, awangcwaba, awangangcwaba
Class 4	yangcwaba	yangangcwaba, ayangcwaba, ayangangcwaba
Class 5	langcwaba	langangcwaba, alangcwaba, alangangcwaba
Class 6	angcwaba	angangcwaba, awangcwaba, awangangcwaba
Class 7	sangcwaba	sangangcwaba, asangcwaba, asangangcwaba
Class 8	zangcwaba	zangangcwaba, azangcwaba, azangangcwaba
Class 9	yangcwaba	yangangcwaba, ayangcwaba, ayangangcwaba
Class 10	zangcwaba	zangangcwaba, azangcwaba, azangangcwaba
Class 11	lwangcwaba	lwangangcwaba, alwangcwaba, alwangangcwaba
Class 14	bangcwaba	bangangcwaba, abangcwaba, abangangcwaba
Class 15	kwangcwaba	kwangangcwaba, akwangcwaba, akwangangcwaba
Class 17	kwangcwaba	kwangangcwaba, akwangcwaba, akwangangcwaba

Derived terms

• umngcwabo

References

• C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “ngcwaɓa”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “ngcwaɓa (6-3.9)”
• Louw, J.A. (2013) “The Impact of Khoesan on Southern Bantu”, in Vossen, Rainer, editor, The Khoesan Languages, Routledge, →ISBN, pages 435-444