por
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Page categories
Translingual
[edit]Symbol
[edit]por
See also
[edit]Abinomn
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]por
- you (dual)
Albanian
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- po [pɔː]
Etymology
[edit]From po. Alternatively from Latin porrō (“then, moreover; but”), the loss of the final -r a result of the permanent unstressed position of the conjunction.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Conjunction
[edit]por
- but; however
- Synonyms: megjithatë, mirëpo, ama
References
[edit]- ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “por”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 336
Asturian
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Late Latin pōr, from Latin prō.
Preposition
[edit]por
- for, because of
- by (someone)
Derived terms
[edit]Atong (India)
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Numeral
[edit]por (Bengali script পোর)
Synonyms
[edit]References
[edit]- van Breugel, Seino. 2015. Atong-English dictionary, second edition. Available online: https://www.academia.edu/487044/Atong_English_Dictionary. Stated in Appendix 2.
Blagar
[edit]Noun
[edit]por
References
[edit]- Internet Archive, The Rosetta Project, Blagar Swadesh List
- Wycliffe Bible Translators, Pura Alkitab
- Antoinette Schapper, The Papuan Languages of Timor, Alor and Pantar: Volume 1 (2014), p. 163
Catalan
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Inherited from Old Catalan paor, from Latin pavōrem. First attested in the 12th century.[1] Compare Occitan paur, French peur.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]por f (plural pors)
- fear
- tenir por ― to be afraid
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]por m (plural pors)
References
[edit]- ^ “por”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
- “por” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “por” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
- “por” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Cornish
[edit]Noun
[edit]por f (singulative poren)
Dutch
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]por
- inflection of porren:
Esperanto
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Spanish por, from Late Latin pōr. Doublet of per and pro.
Pronunciation
[edit]Preposition
[edit]por
- for, for the benefit of
- La edzo donis al sia edzino perlan kolĉenon por Kristnasko. ― The husband gave his wife a pearl necklace for Christmas.
See also
[edit]Fala
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Galician-Portuguese por, from Late Latin pōr, from Latin prō (“for”), from Proto-Indo-European *pro-, form of *per-.
Pronunciation
[edit]Preposition
[edit]por
- by
- 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Chapter 1: Lengua Española:
- En esta época en que otras lenguas de España son recuñucias por tos cumu uficiais en sei territoriu […]
- In this time when other languages of Spain are recognised by everyone as official in their territory […]
Usage notes
[edit]- The usage of por in Lagarteiru is generally limited to some fixed expressions, the more common form is pur.
References
[edit]- Valeš, Miroslav (2021) Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)[1], 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN
Galician
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese por, from Late Latin pōr, from Latin prō (“for”) (with metathetic shift due to per), from Proto-Indo-European *pro-, form of *por-. See also porto.
Pronunciation
[edit]Preposition
[edit]por
- indicates motion
- pola rúa
- down the street
- pola porta
- through the door
- for (over a period of time)
- por dez anos
- for ten years
- about, around (near, in the vicinity of)
- polas seis
- at about six
- por aquí
- over here
- for (to obtain)
- Fun á tenda por xabón.
- I went to the store for soap.
- for (in exchange for)
- for (on behalf of)
- (mathematics) times, by, multiplied by
- oito por sete
- eights times seven; eights by seven
- by (indicates the actor in a clause with its verb in the passive voice)
- by, by means of
- per
Related terms
[edit]Hungarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Uncertain. Perhaps from a Proto-Uralic *porɜ (“dust, sand”), but the absence of the expected sound change *p > *f is hard to explain.[1] Compare with Finnish poro (“burning ash, coarse dust, debris”) and Northern Mansi порс (pors, “garbage, waste, dust”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]por (countable and uncountable, plural porok)
- dust
- powder
- (with a possessive suffix) ashes (human or animal remains after cremation)
- Synonym: hamvak
Declension
[edit]Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | por | porok |
accusative | port | porokat |
dative | pornak | poroknak |
instrumental | porral | porokkal |
causal-final | porért | porokért |
translative | porrá | porokká |
terminative | porig | porokig |
essive-formal | porként | porokként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | porban | porokban |
superessive | poron | porokon |
adessive | pornál | poroknál |
illative | porba | porokba |
sublative | porra | porokra |
allative | porhoz | porokhoz |
elative | porból | porokból |
delative | porról | porokról |
ablative | portól | poroktól |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
poré | poroké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
poréi | porokéi |
Possessive forms of por | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | porom | poraim |
2nd person sing. | porod | poraid |
3rd person sing. | pora | porai |
1st person plural | porunk | poraink |
2nd person plural | porotok | poraitok |
3rd person plural | poruk | poraik |
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ por in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
Further reading
[edit]- por in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Ido
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Preposition
[edit]por
Interlingua
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From various Romance derivatives of Late Latin pōr from Latin prō.
Preposition
[edit]por
- Alternative form of pro
Latin
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Classical Latin prō, probably reshaped by analogy with the preposition per. Attested in an imperial inscription from what is now Budapest and another from Tunis.[1][2] Replaced in much of Romance with descendants of per.
Preposition
[edit]pōr (+ ablative, accusative) (Late Latin)
- Alternative form of prō (“for”)
Descendants
[edit]- Gallo-Romance:
- Occitano-Romance:
- Old Occitan: por ("beyond, more" in the context of price)
- Ibero-Romance:
- Asturian: por
- Old Galician-Portuguese: por
- Esperanto: por
References
[edit]- ^ Berger, Roger & Brasseur, Annette. 2004. Les Séquences de Sainte Eulalia: Buona pulcella fut eulalia: Edition, traduction, commentaire, étude linguisuque. Cantica virginis Eulaliae: Edition, traduction, et commentaire avec les autres poèmes du manuscrit 150 de Valenciennes, Rithmus Teutonicus, Dominus caeli rex, Uis fidei. →ISBN. Page 100.
- ^ Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “pro”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volumes 9: Placabilis–Pyxis, page 401
Lolopo
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]por
- (Yao'an, of humans) male
See also
[edit]Norman
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old French porc, from Latin porcus, from Proto-Indo-European *porḱ- (“young swine, young pig”).
Noun
[edit]por m (plural pors)
Northern Kurdish
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]por m or f
- hair
- pora dirêj û delal.
- long and lovely hair.
Declension
[edit]Definite feminine and masculine gender | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Case | Feminine (sg) | Masculine (sg) | Plural | |
Nominative | por | por | por | |
Construct | pora | porê | porên | |
Oblique | porê | porî | poran | |
Demonstrative oblique | wê porê | wî porî | wan poran | |
Vocative | porê | poro | porino | |
Indefinite feminine and masculine gender | ||||
Case | Feminine (sg) | Masculine (sg) | Plural | |
Nominative | porek | porek | porin | |
Construct | poreke | porekî | porine | |
Oblique | porekê | porekî | porinan |
Old French
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Late Latin pōr, from Latin prō.
Pronunciation
[edit]Preposition
[edit]por
Descendants
[edit]Old Occitan
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Adverb
[edit]por
- forwards
- 12th century, anonymous, Girart de Rossilhó 2631:
- On sab son enamic, sobre lhui cor / e si le vat ferit de tau vigor / que del caval lo porta a terra por.
- At the place where he recognizes his enemy, he runs to him, / and goes to strike him with such vigour / that he makes him fall forward from his horse onto the ground.
- On sab son enamic, sobre lhui cor / e si le vat ferit de tau vigor / que del caval lo porta a terra por.
Papiamentu
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Portuguese poder and Spanish poder.
Verb
[edit]por
- can, to be able to
- may
Polish
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Noun
[edit]por m inan or m animal
- leek (Allium ampeloprasum var. porrum)
- leek (edible part of the vegetable)
Declension
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Learned borrowing from Latin porus.
Noun
[edit]por m inan
- (dermatology) pore, sweat hole (tiny opening in the skin)
- (mycology) hymenophore outlet
- pore (microscopic hole found in some solids)
Declension
[edit]Etymology 3
[edit]See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Noun
[edit]por f
Further reading
[edit]- por in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- por in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- por in PWN's encyclopedia
Portuguese
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Old Galician-Portuguese por, from Late Latin pōr, from Latin prō (“for”) (with metathetic shift under the influence of per). Usurped the roles of Latin per.
Pronunciation
[edit]
Preposition
[edit]por
- for (on behalf of)
- Faça isso por mim.
- Do that for me.
- for (in order to obtain)
- Espero por uma resposta.
- I wait for an answer.
- Eu farei de tudo por uma cópia deste livro.
- I will do anything for a copy of this book.
- for (over a period of time)
- Esperei por uma semana.
- I waited for one week.
- for (indicates something given in an exchange)
- Ela deu sua bicicleta pela minha.
- She gave her bicycle for mine.
- by (through the action or presence of)
- A manutenção é feita por engenheiros.
- The maintenance is carried out by engineers.
- by (indicates the creator of a work)
- Os livros por Tolkien são ótimos.
- Books by Tolkien are great.
- by (using the rules or logic of)
- Pela lei, deveríamos estar presos.
- By law, we should be in jail.
- (mathematics) times, by, multiplied by
- oito por sete ― eights times seven; eights by seven
- by; in the name of (indicates an oath)
- Venceremos essa batalha, pelo rei!
- We shall win this battle, by the king!
- per; a; each (expresses the ratio of units)
- Tome uma pílula por dia.
- Take one pill per day.
- (arithmetic) by (indicates a mathematical division)
- Vinte por quatro é cinco.
- Twenty by four is five.
- through (entering and then leaving; being the medium of)
- Ainda passaríamos por muitos túneis antes de chegarmos.
- We would still pass through many tunnels before we arrived.
- Passar por uma situação difícil.
- Go through a difficult situation.
- around; about; near (in the vicinity of)
- O tesouro foi encontrado por Dudinka.
- The treasure was found around Dudinka.
- Gostamos de passear por aí.
- We like to stroll around.
- around; about; approximately (close in quantity, amount or value to)
- O preço de um prato nos mercados daqui é por vinte euros.
- The price of a plate in the local markets is around twenty euros.
- Partiremos pelas dez.
- We will leave around ten.
- throughout (in various parts of)
- Esse tipo de ruína é encontrado pela Escócia.
- This type of ruin is found throughout Scotland.
- for; in favour of (supporting)
- Somos pela melhora da educação.
- We are for the improvement of education.
- (in the formula “X por Y”, where X is a clause and Y the infinitive of the verb in the clause, or of a synonym) for its own sake; without a motive
- Eu falei aquilo só por falar.
- I said that just to say something.
- (with an infinitive) about to
- A chuva está por parar.
- The rain is about to stop.
Usage notes
[edit]Por mandatorily contracts with definite articles in almost all circumstances:
Contractions with indefinite articles and personal pronouns are uncommon and very colloquial:
Quotations
[edit]For quotations using this term, see Citations:por.
Synonyms
[edit]- (over a period of time): durante
- (indicates an exchange): em troca de, a troco de (especially in figurative usage)
- (using the rules or logic of): de acordo com, segundo
- (in the name of): em nome de
- (each): cada
- (through): através de, pelo meio de
- (in the vicinity of): perto de, ao redor de
- (approximately): perto de, ao redor de, mais ou menos, aproximadamente, cerca de
- (throughout): em ... inteiro
- (in favour of): a favor de
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Verb
[edit]por
Romani
[edit]Noun
[edit]por m (plural por{{{4}}})
Romanian
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Borrowed from French pore, Latin porus, from Ancient Greek πόρος (póros, “passage”).
Noun
[edit]por m (plural pori)
Declension
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Inherited from Latin porrus or porrum.
Alternative forms
[edit]Noun
[edit]por m (plural pori)
- (popular) leek (Allium ampeloprasum, syn. Allium porrum)
- (popular) sand leek (Allium scorodoprasum)
- (popular) shallot (Allium ascalonicum)
Declension
[edit]Synonyms
[edit]- (leek): praz
Slovene
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]pọ̑r or pȍr m inan
Inflection
[edit]Masculine inan., hard o-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
nom. sing. | pór | ||
gen. sing. | póra | ||
singular | dual | plural | |
nominative (imenovȃlnik) |
pór | póra | póri |
genitive (rodȋlnik) |
póra | pórov | pórov |
dative (dajȃlnik) |
póru | póroma | pórom |
accusative (tožȋlnik) |
pór | póra | póre |
locative (mẹ̑stnik) |
póru | pórih | pórih |
instrumental (orọ̑dnik) |
pórom | póroma | póri |
Masculine inan., hard o-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
nom. sing. | pòr | ||
gen. sing. | pôra | ||
singular | dual | plural | |
nominative (imenovȃlnik) |
pòr | pôra | pôri |
genitive (rodȋlnik) |
pôra | pôrov | pôrov |
dative (dajȃlnik) |
pôru | pôroma | pôrom |
accusative (tožȋlnik) |
pòr | pôra | pôre |
locative (mẹ̑stnik) |
pôru | pôrih | pôrih |
instrumental (orọ̑dnik) |
pôrom | pôroma | pôri |
Further reading
[edit]- “por”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU (in Slovene), 2014–2024
Spanish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old Spanish por, from Late Latin pōr, from Latin prō. Doublet of pro, which was borrowed.
Pronunciation
[edit]Preposition
[edit]por
- by (indicates the creator of a work)
- La novela Cien años de soledad fue escrita por Gabriel García Márquez.
- The novel One Hundred Years of Solitude was written by Gabriel García Márquez.
- for (indicates something given in an exchange)
- Lo compré por cincuenta euros.
- I bought this for fifty euros.
- through, out, via (indicating movement)
- La mujer ve la puesta de sol por la ventana.
- The woman watches the sunset through the window.
- Supongo que nuestra huésped se fue por la puerta trasera porque no la he visto.
- I guess our guest went out the back door because I haven't seen her.
- across (indicating movement)
- El hombre camina por la calle.
- The man walks across the street.
- about
- due to, because of, for, for the sake of, out of (to express cause or motive)
- Él no pudo venir por eso.
- He couldn't come due to that.
- Por amor a su esposo, ella aguanta a sus suegros.
- Out of love for her husband, she puts up with his in-laws.
- (used with directions) over
- por allí ― over there
- (mathematics) times, by, multiplied by
- ocho por siete ― eights times seven; eights by seven
- according to, for, regarding (to express opinion or something concerning someone)
- Por mí, está bien. ― For all I care, it's fine.
- ¡Bien por ti! ― Good for you!
- via, through, by (indicating the means of something)
- Por favor, devuelva este documento completado por correo electrónico.
- Please, return this document completed via email.
- for (indicating duration)
- Mi profesor se salió por la tangente por una hora entera.
- My professor went off on a tangent for a whole hour.
- for, for the sake of, on behalf of (indicating doing something for someone's benefit)
- No lo hago por ti. ― I'm not doing it for your sake.
- Ella irá a trabajar por mí mañana.
- She will be filling in for me at work tomorrow.
- per, for each
- Cuesta diez dólares por artículo. ― It costs ten dollars per item.
- to (indicating something that has not yet passed)
- Eso está por ver.
- That remains to be seen.
- La hora aún está por confirmar.
- The time is yet to be confirmed.
- about to (indicating something that will soon happen)
- Su hermana está por llegar del aeropuerto en cualquier momento.
- Her sister is about to arrive from the airport any minute now.
- compared to; against; versus (indicating a comparison)
- 2020 October 11, Alejandro Ciriza, El País[2]:
- seis errores en los dos primeros parciales. Seis. 14 al final, por los 52 del rival.
- six errors in the first two sets. Six. 14 at the end, compared to his rival's 52.
Derived terms
[edit]- a juzgar por
- al por menor
- algo por ahí
- ce por be
- como por la palma de la mano
- cortar por lo sano
- dar por hecho
- de no ser por (“if it weren't for, if it hadn't been for”)
- de por ahí
- de por medio
- de por sí
- de por vida
- frente por frente
- ir por la vida
- irse por la tangente
- ojo por ojo, diente por diente
- palabra por palabra
- paso por paso
- por accidente
- por adelantado
- por ahí
- por ahora
- por algo
- por allí
- por alto
- por amor de
- por amor de Dios
- por anticipado
- por antonomasia
- por añadidura
- por aquel entonces
- por arte de magia
- por bajo de
- por bien
- por buenas
- por caridad
- por casualidad
- por causa de
- por ciento
- por cientos
- por cierto
- por completo
- por compromiso
- por conducto de
- por consecuencia
- por consiguiente
- por cuanto
- por cuatro reales
- por cuenta ajena
- por cuenta de la casa
- por cuenta propia
- por cumplir
- por de contado
- por de pronto
- por demás
- por dentro
- por derecho
- por descontado
- por desgracia
- por detrás
- por Dios
- por Dios bendito
- por dónde
- por ejemplo
- por el aire
- por el amor de Dios
- por el chiquito
- por el contrario
- por el momento
- por el morro
- por el suelo
- por en medio
- por encargo
- por encima de la ley
- por ende
- por ensalmo
- por escrito
- por ese entonces
- por eso
- por estas
- por etapas
- por excelencia
- por exceso
- por extensión
- por favor
- por fin
- por fortuna
- por goleada
- por gusto
- por h o por b
- por hora
- por horas
- por hoy
- por igual
- por instantes
- por instinto
- por intermedio de
- por la buena
- por la cara
- por la chita
- por la chucha
- por la chupalla
- por la cuenta
- por la espalda
- por la goma
- por la gracia de Dios
- por la mala
- por la mayor parte
- por la posta
- por la presente
- por la puerta grande
- por la tremenda
- por largo
- por las buenas o por las malas
- por las dudas
- por las espaldas
- por las malas
- por las nubes
- por libre
- por lo bajines
- por lo bajini
- por lo bajo
- por lo claro
- por lo común
- por lo demás
- por lo general
- por lo menos
- por lo poco que sé
- por lo poco que uno sabe
- por lo pronto
- por lo que
- por lo que parece (“by the look of it”)
- por lo regular
- por lo tanto
- por lo visto
- por los aires
- por los años de
- por los cuatro costados
- por los mismos pasos
- por los siglos de los siglos
- por los suelos
- por mal
- por malas
- por más que
- por más señas
- por medio
- por medio de
- por menos de nada
- por menudo
- por mí
- por mi parte
- por mi vida
- por momentos
- por mucho que
- por nada
- por nada del mundo
- por ningún lado (“nowhere to be found”)
- por no hablar de
- por obra de
- por obra y gracia de
- por otra parte
- por otro lado
- por parte de (“by, on the part of”)
- por partes
- por pies
- por poco
- por poder
- por primera vez (“for the first time”)
- por puertas
- por punto general
- por puntos
- por qué
- por real decreto
- por referencia
- por referencias
- por regla general
- por rey
- por semejante
- por separado
- por si
- por si acaso
- por si las moscas
- por sí mismo
- por sí solo
- por siempre
- por sistema
- por su cabeza
- por su cuenta
- por su mano
- por su orden
- por suerte
- por supuesto
- por tanto
- por tiempo
- por todas partes
- por todo
- por todo lo alto
- por todos lados (“everywhere, all over the place, on all sides, all around”)
- por todos los medios
- por todos los santos
- por última vez (“for the last time”)
- por último
- por un casual
- por un igual
- por un lado
- por un pelo
- por un tubo
- por una boca
- por una vez
- por unanimidad
- por ventura
- por vez
- por vía
- por vida de
- por vida mía
- porvenir
- salir por patas
- traído por los pelos
- una por una
- venta al por mayor
See also
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “por”, in Diccionario de la lengua española (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy, 2023 November 28
Swedish
[edit]Noun
[edit]por c
Declension
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- por in Svensk ordbok.
- por in Reverso Context (Swedish-English)
Anagrams
[edit]Tagalog
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Spanish por, from Late Latin pōr, from Latin prō.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /ˈpoɾ/ [ˈpoɾ]
- Rhymes: -oɾ
- Syllabification: por
Noun
[edit]por (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜓᜇ᜔)
Related terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “por” at KWF Diksiyonaryo ng Wikang Filipino[3], Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, 2021
- “por”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
Tocharian A
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Tocharian, from Proto-Indo-European *péh₂wr̥, also the origin of English fire, Ancient Greek πῦρ (pûr), and Hittite 𒉺𒀪𒄯 (paḫḫur). Compare Tocharian B puwar.
Noun
[edit]por
Tok Pisin
[edit]Noun
[edit]por
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