thwala

Northern Ndebele

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-tʊ́ada.

Verb

-thwála

1. to carry

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Southern Ndebele

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-tʊ́ada.

Verb

-thwála

1. to carry

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Tswana

Verb

thwala

1. to find

Xhosa

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-tʊ́ada.

Verb

-thwála

1. (transitive) to carry

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Zulu

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-tʊ́ada.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tʰʷáːla/

Verb

-thwála

1. (transitive) to carry
2. (transitive) to wear (on the head or shoulders)

Inflection

Tone H
Infinitive	ukuthwala
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukuthwala	ukungathwali
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	thwala	-thwale
Plural	thwalani	-thwaleni
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyathwala, ngithwala	engithwalayo, engithwala	ngithwala	angithwali	engingathwali	ngingathwali
2nd singular	uyathwala, uthwala	othwalayo, othwala	uthwala	awuthwali	ongathwali	ungathwali
1st plural	siyathwala, sithwala	esithwalayo, esithwala	sithwala	asithwali	esingathwali	singathwali
2nd plural	niyathwala, nithwala	enithwalayo, enithwala	nithwala	anithwali	eningathwali	ningathwali
Class 1	uyathwala, uthwala	othwalayo, othwala	ethwala	akathwali	ongathwali	engathwali
Class 2	bayathwala, bathwala	abathwalayo, abathwala	bethwala	abathwali	abangathwali	bengathwali
Class 3	uyathwala, uthwala	othwalayo, othwala	uthwala	awuthwali	ongathwali	ungathwali
Class 4	iyathwala, ithwala	ethwalayo, ethwala	ithwala	ayithwali	engathwali	ingathwali
Class 5	liyathwala, lithwala	elithwalayo, elithwala	lithwala	alithwali	elingathwali	lingathwali
Class 6	ayathwala, athwala	athwalayo, athwala	ethwala	awathwali	angathwali	engathwali
Class 7	siyathwala, sithwala	esithwalayo, esithwala	sithwala	asithwali	esingathwali	singathwali
Class 8	ziyathwala, zithwala	ezithwalayo, ezithwala	zithwala	azithwali	ezingathwali	zingathwali
Class 9	iyathwala, ithwala	ethwalayo, ethwala	ithwala	ayithwali	engathwali	ingathwali
Class 10	ziyathwala, zithwala	ezithwalayo, ezithwala	zithwala	azithwali	ezingathwali	zingathwali
Class 11	luyathwala, luthwala	oluthwalayo, oluthwala	luthwala	aluthwali	olungathwali	lungathwali
Class 14	buyathwala, buthwala	obuthwalayo, obuthwala	buthwala	abuthwali	obungathwali	bungathwali
Class 15	kuyathwala, kuthwala	okuthwalayo, okuthwala	kuthwala	akuthwali	okungathwali	kungathwali
Class 17	kuyathwala, kuthwala	okuthwalayo, okuthwala	kuthwala	akuthwali	okungathwali	kungathwali
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngithwalile, ngithwalē	engithwalile, engithwalē	ngithwalile, ngithwalē	angithwalanga	engingathwalanga	ngingathwalanga
2nd singular	uthwalile, uthwalē	othwalile, othwalē	uthwalile, uthwalē	awuthwalanga	ongathwalanga	ungathwalanga
1st plural	sithwalile, sithwalē	esithwalile, esithwalē	sithwalile, sithwalē	asithwalanga	esingathwalanga	singathwalanga
2nd plural	nithwalile, nithwalē	enithwalile, enithwalē	nithwalile, nithwalē	anithwalanga	eningathwalanga	ningathwalanga
Class 1	uthwalile, uthwalē	othwalile, othwalē	ethwalile, ethwalē	akathwalanga	ongathwalanga	engathwalanga
Class 2	bathwalile, bathwalē	abathwalile, abathwalē	bethwalile, bethwalē	abathwalanga	abangathwalanga	bengathwalanga
Class 3	uthwalile, uthwalē	othwalile, othwalē	uthwalile, uthwalē	awuthwalanga	ongathwalanga	ungathwalanga
Class 4	ithwalile, ithwalē	ethwalile, ethwalē	ithwalile, ithwalē	ayithwalanga	engathwalanga	ingathwalanga
Class 5	lithwalile, lithwalē	elithwalile, elithwalē	lithwalile, lithwalē	alithwalanga	elingathwalanga	lingathwalanga
Class 6	athwalile, athwalē	athwalile, athwalē	ethwalile, ethwalē	awathwalanga	angathwalanga	engathwalanga
Class 7	sithwalile, sithwalē	esithwalile, esithwalē	sithwalile, sithwalē	asithwalanga	esingathwalanga	singathwalanga
Class 8	zithwalile, zithwalē	ezithwalile, ezithwalē	zithwalile, zithwalē	azithwalanga	ezingathwalanga	zingathwalanga
Class 9	ithwalile, ithwalē	ethwalile, ethwalē	ithwalile, ithwalē	ayithwalanga	engathwalanga	ingathwalanga
Class 10	zithwalile, zithwalē	ezithwalile, ezithwalē	zithwalile, zithwalē	azithwalanga	ezingathwalanga	zingathwalanga
Class 11	luthwalile, luthwalē	oluthwalile, oluthwalē	luthwalile, luthwalē	aluthwalanga	olungathwalanga	lungathwalanga
Class 14	buthwalile, buthwalē	obuthwalile, obuthwalē	buthwalile, buthwalē	abuthwalanga	obungathwalanga	bungathwalanga
Class 15	kuthwalile, kuthwalē	okuthwalile, okuthwalē	kuthwalile, kuthwalē	akuthwalanga	okungathwalanga	kungathwalanga
Class 17	kuthwalile, kuthwalē	okuthwalile, okuthwalē	kuthwalile, kuthwalē	akuthwalanga	okungathwalanga	kungathwalanga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngāthwala	engāthwala	ngāthwala	angithwalanga	engingathwalanga	ngingathwalanga
2nd singular	wāthwala	owāthwala	wāthwala	awuthwalanga	ongathwalanga	ungathwalanga
1st plural	sāthwala	esāthwala	sāthwala	asithwalanga	esingathwalanga	singathwalanga
2nd plural	nāthwala	enāthwala	nāthwala	anithwalanga	eningathwalanga	ningathwalanga
Class 1	wāthwala	owāthwala	āthwala	akathwalanga	ongathwalanga	engathwalanga
Class 2	bāthwala	abāthwala	bāthwala	abathwalanga	abangathwalanga	bengathwalanga
Class 3	wāthwala	owāthwala	wāthwala	awuthwalanga	ongathwalanga	ungathwalanga
Class 4	yāthwala	eyāthwala	yāthwala	ayithwalanga	engathwalanga	ingathwalanga
Class 5	lāthwala	elāthwala	lāthwala	alithwalanga	elingathwalanga	lingathwalanga
Class 6	āthwala	āthwala	āthwala	awathwalanga	angathwalanga	engathwalanga
Class 7	sāthwala	esāthwala	sāthwala	asithwalanga	esingathwalanga	singathwalanga
Class 8	zāthwala	ezāthwala	zāthwala	azithwalanga	ezingathwalanga	zingathwalanga
Class 9	yāthwala	eyāthwala	yāthwala	ayithwalanga	engathwalanga	ingathwalanga
Class 10	zāthwala	ezāthwala	zāthwala	azithwalanga	ezingathwalanga	zingathwalanga
Class 11	lwāthwala	olwāthwala	lwāthwala	aluthwalanga	olungathwalanga	lungathwalanga
Class 14	bāthwala	obāthwala	bāthwala	abuthwalanga	obungathwalanga	bungathwalanga
Class 15	kwāthwala	okwāthwala	kwāthwala	akuthwalanga	okungathwalanga	kungathwalanga
Class 17	kwāthwala	okwāthwala	kwāthwala	akuthwalanga	okungathwalanga	kungathwalanga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngingathwala	—	ngingathwala	ngingethwale	—	ngingethwale
2nd singular	ungathwala	—	ungathwala	ungethwale	—	ungethwale
1st plural	singathwala	—	singathwala	singethwale	—	singethwale
2nd plural	ningathwala	—	ningathwala	ningethwale	—	ningethwale
Class 1	angathwala	—	engathwala	angethwale	—	engethwale
Class 2	bangathwala	—	bengathwala	bangethwale	—	bengethwale
Class 3	ungathwala	—	ungathwala	ungethwale	—	ungethwale
Class 4	ingathwala	—	ingathwala	ingethwale	—	ingethwale
Class 5	lingathwala	—	lingathwala	lingethwale	—	lingethwale
Class 6	angathwala	—	engathwala	angethwale	—	engethwale
Class 7	singathwala	—	singathwala	singethwale	—	singethwale
Class 8	zingathwala	—	zingathwala	zingethwale	—	zingethwale
Class 9	ingathwala	—	ingathwala	ingethwale	—	ingethwale
Class 10	zingathwala	—	zingathwala	zingethwale	—	zingethwale
Class 11	lungathwala	—	lungathwala	lungethwale	—	lungethwale
Class 14	bungathwala	—	bungathwala	bungethwale	—	bungethwale
Class 15	kungathwala	—	kungathwala	kungethwale	—	kungethwale
Class 17	kungathwala	—	kungathwala	kungethwale	—	kungethwale
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizothwala	engizothwala	ngizothwala	angizuthwala	engingezuthwala	ngingezuthwala
2nd singular	uzothwala	ozothwala	uzothwala	awuzuthwala	ongezuthwala	ungezuthwala
1st plural	sizothwala	esizothwala	sizothwala	asizuthwala	esingezuthwala	singezuthwala
2nd plural	nizothwala	enizothwala	nizothwala	anizuthwala	eningezuthwala	ningezuthwala
Class 1	uzothwala	ozothwala	ezothwala	akazuthwala	ongezuthwala	engezuthwala
Class 2	bazothwala	abazothwala	bezothwala	abazuthwala	abangezuthwala	bengezuthwala
Class 3	uzothwala	ozothwala	uzothwala	awuzuthwala	ongezuthwala	ungezuthwala
Class 4	izothwala	ezothwala	izothwala	ayizuthwala	engezuthwala	ingezuthwala
Class 5	lizothwala	elizothwala	lizothwala	alizuthwala	elingezuthwala	lingezuthwala
Class 6	azothwala	azothwala	ezothwala	awazuthwala	angezuthwala	engezuthwala
Class 7	sizothwala	esizothwala	sizothwala	asizuthwala	esingezuthwala	singezuthwala
Class 8	zizothwala	ezizothwala	zizothwala	azizuthwala	ezingezuthwala	zingezuthwala
Class 9	izothwala	ezothwala	izothwala	ayizuthwala	engezuthwala	ingezuthwala
Class 10	zizothwala	ezizothwala	zizothwala	azizuthwala	ezingezuthwala	zingezuthwala
Class 11	luzothwala	oluzothwala	luzothwala	aluzuthwala	olungezuthwala	lungezuthwala
Class 14	buzothwala	obuzothwala	buzothwala	abuzuthwala	obungezuthwala	bungezuthwala
Class 15	kuzothwala	okuzothwala	kuzothwala	akuzuthwala	okungezuthwala	kungezuthwala
Class 17	kuzothwala	okuzothwala	kuzothwala	akuzuthwala	okungezuthwala	kungezuthwala
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyothwala	engiyothwala	ngiyothwala	angiyuthwala	engingeyuthwala	ngingeyuthwala
2nd singular	uyothwala	oyothwala	uyothwala	awuyuthwala	ongeyuthwala	ungeyuthwala
1st plural	siyothwala	esiyothwala	siyothwala	asiyuthwala	esingeyuthwala	singeyuthwala
2nd plural	niyothwala	eniyothwala	niyothwala	aniyuthwala	eningeyuthwala	ningeyuthwala
Class 1	uyothwala	oyothwala	eyothwala	akayuthwala	ongeyuthwala	engeyuthwala
Class 2	bayothwala	abayothwala	beyothwala	abayuthwala	abangeyuthwala	bengeyuthwala
Class 3	uyothwala	oyothwala	uyothwala	awuyuthwala	ongeyuthwala	ungeyuthwala
Class 4	iyothwala	eyothwala	iyothwala	ayiyuthwala	engeyuthwala	ingeyuthwala
Class 5	liyothwala	eliyothwala	liyothwala	aliyuthwala	elingeyuthwala	lingeyuthwala
Class 6	ayothwala	ayothwala	eyothwala	awayuthwala	angeyuthwala	engeyuthwala
Class 7	siyothwala	esiyothwala	siyothwala	asiyuthwala	esingeyuthwala	singeyuthwala
Class 8	ziyothwala	eziyothwala	ziyothwala	aziyuthwala	ezingeyuthwala	zingeyuthwala
Class 9	iyothwala	eyothwala	iyothwala	ayiyuthwala	engeyuthwala	ingeyuthwala
Class 10	ziyothwala	eziyothwala	ziyothwala	aziyuthwala	ezingeyuthwala	zingeyuthwala
Class 11	luyothwala	oluyothwala	luyothwala	aluyuthwala	olungeyuthwala	lungeyuthwala
Class 14	buyothwala	obuyothwala	buyothwala	abuyuthwala	obungeyuthwala	bungeyuthwala
Class 15	kuyothwala	okuyothwala	kuyothwala	akuyuthwala	okungeyuthwala	kungeyuthwala
Class 17	kuyothwala	okuyothwala	kuyothwala	akuyuthwala	okungeyuthwala	kungeyuthwala
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngithwale	ngingathwali
2nd singular	uthwale	ungathwali
1st plural	sithwale	singathwali
2nd plural	nithwale	ningathwali
Class 1	athwale	angathwali
Class 2	bathwale	bangathwali
Class 3	uthwale	ungathwali
Class 4	ithwale	ingathwali
Class 5	lithwale	lingathwali
Class 6	athwale	angathwali
Class 7	sithwale	singathwali
Class 8	zithwale	zingathwali
Class 9	ithwale	ingathwali
Class 10	zithwale	zingathwali
Class 11	luthwale	lungathwali
Class 14	buthwale	bungathwali
Class 15	kuthwale	kungathwali
Class 17	kuthwale	kungathwali
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngathwala	ngangathwala, angathwala, angangathwala
2nd singular	wathwala	wangathwala, awathwala, awangathwala
1st plural	sathwala	sangathwala, asathwala, asangathwala
2nd plural	nathwala	nangathwala, anathwala, anangathwala
Class 1	wathwala	wangathwala, akathwala, akangathwala
Class 2	bathwala	bangathwala, abathwala, abangathwala
Class 3	wathwala	wangathwala, awathwala, awangathwala
Class 4	yathwala	yangathwala, ayathwala, ayangathwala
Class 5	lathwala	langathwala, alathwala, alangathwala
Class 6	athwala	angathwala, awathwala, awangathwala
Class 7	sathwala	sangathwala, asathwala, asangathwala
Class 8	zathwala	zangathwala, azathwala, azangathwala
Class 9	yathwala	yangathwala, ayathwala, ayangathwala
Class 10	zathwala	zangathwala, azathwala, azangathwala
Class 11	lwathwala	lwangathwala, alwathwala, alwangathwala
Class 14	bathwala	bangathwala, abathwala, abangathwala
Class 15	kwathwala	kwangathwala, akwathwala, akwangathwala
Class 17	kwathwala	kwangathwala, akwathwala, akwangathwala

References

• C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “thwala”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “thwala (3.9)”