PTCE - Pharmacy Technician Certification Exam Flashcard Book + Online

edition.

Brand names: Vicodin, Lortab, Lorcet Plus, Norco, Hycet, Anexsia, Xodol, Zamicet, Zydone

Generic name: Hydrocodone/acetaminophen

Drug class: Narcotic, analgesic

• Relieves pain.

(1)

Brand name: Toprol XL

Generic name: Metoprolol succinate

Drug class: Beta blocker, beta1 selective blocker

• Blocks the action of epinephrine and norepinephrine on beta receptors located mainly in the heart and kidneys.

• Notice the suffix -olol, which distinguishes beta blockers from other drug classes.

(2)

Indication: Moderate to moderately severe pain relief

Side effects: Drowsiness, sedation, dizziness

Special considerations:

• This is a Schedule III habit-forming drug.

• The patient should not use in combination with acetaminophen or other products containing acetaminophen and to not exceed the maximum dose allowance of acetaminophen (doses that exceed 4 g of acetaminophen per day).

• The patient should not take with alcohol.

(1)

Indications: Early treatment of acute myocardial infarction (MI), congestive heart failure, hypertension, angina

Side effects: Dizziness, headache, tiredness

Special considerations:

• The patient should not take concurrently with other beta blockers.

• Patients should be alerted that this medication should not be discontinued abruptly.

(2)

Brand names: OxyContin, Roxicodone, OxyIR, OxyFAST, Oxecta

Generic name: Oxycodone

Drug class: Opioid analgesic

• Relieves pain.

(3)

Brand name: Protonix

Generic name: Pantoprazole

Drug class: Proton pump inhibitor (PPI)

• Prevents acid buildup.

• Notice the suffix -prazole, which distinguishes PPIs from other drug classes.

(4)

Indication: Moderate to severe pain

Side effects: Nausea, vomiting, constipation, dizziness, sweating, flushing, weakness

Special considerations:

• This is a Schedule II habit-forming drug.

• The patient should not take with alcohol.

(3)

Indications: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), ulcers, heartburn

Side effects: Diarrhea, headache, hyperglycemia, nausea, abdominal pain, flatulence

Special considerations:

• The patient should not take if hypersensitive to other proton pump inhibitors.

(4)

Brand names: Prilosec, Zegerid

Generic name: Omeprazole

Drug class: Proton pump inhibitor (PPI)

• Prevents acid buildup.

• Notice the suffix -prazole, which distinguishes PPIs from other drug classes.

(5)

Brand name: Zocor

Generic name: Simvastatin

Drug class: Statin, HMG-CoA (3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA) reductase inhibitor

• Lowers low-density lipoprotein (LDL)/cholesterol.

• Notice the suffix -statin, which distinguishes lipid-lowering agents from other drug classes.

(6)

Indications: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), ulcers

Side effects: Diarrhea, headache, hyperglycemia, nausea, abdominal pain, flatulence

Special considerations:

• The patient should not take if hypersensitive to other proton pump inhibitors.

(5)

Indication: Hypercholesterolemia

Side effects: Constipation, flatulence, upper respiratory infection

Special considerations:

• The patient should avoid drinking more than 1 quart of grapefruit juice.

• This medication can lead to hepatic failure.

(6)

Brand name: Adderall XR

Generic name: Amphetamine/dextroamphetamine XR

Drug class: Central nervous system stimulant

• Excites the nervous system.

(7)

Brand name: Duragesic

Generic name: Fentanyl transdermal

Drug class: Opioid analgesic

• Relieves pain.

(8)

Indications: Narcolepsy, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Side effects: Dizziness, hypertension, insomnia, confusion, nausea, diarrhea

Special considerations:

• This is a Schedule II habit-forming drug.

• The patient should not take concurrently with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs).

• Patients with hypertension and advanced arteriosclerosis should avoid this medication.

(7)

Indication: Chronic pain

Side effects: Asthenia, confusion, constipation, dry mouth, nausea, vomiting

Special considerations:

• This is a Schedule II habit-forming drug.

• This medication has high potential for diversion.

(8)

Brand names: Zithromax, Zmax

Generic name: Azithromycin

Drug class: Macrolide antibiotic

• Stops bacterial growth by interfering with their ability to make protein.

• Notice the suffix -mycin, which distinguishes macrolide antibiotics from other drug classes. There are few exceptions to this rule.

(9)

Brand name: Valtrex

Generic name: Valacyclovir HCl

Drug class: Antiviral

• Treats viral infections.

• Notice the suffix –vir, which indicates that this drug is an antiviral.

(10)

Indications: Mild to moderate upper respiratory bacterial infections, acute sinusitis, acute otitis media, pharyngitis/ tonsillitis, pneumonia

Side effects: Diarrhea, nausea, abdominal pain

Special considerations:

• The patient should not take this medication with pimozide.

• The patient should complete the full course of therapy.

(9)

Indications: Herpes labialis (cold sores), herpes zoster, genital herpes

Side effects: Abdominal pain, headache, nausea

Special considerations:

• This medication may lead to acute renal failure in elderly patients or patients with renal impairment.

(10)

Brand name: Effexor ER

Generic name: Venlafaxine ER

Drug class: Antidepressant, serotonins–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI)

• Treats depression.

(11)

Brand name: Allegra

Generic name: Fexofenadine

Drug class: Antihistamine (2nd generation)

• Blocks the release of histamines.

(12)

Indications: Depression, generalized anxiety, social anxiety, panic disorder

Side effects: Headache, nausea, insomnia, asthenia, dizziness, dry mouth

Special considerations:

• This medication should not be taken concurrently with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs).

• The patient should wait 14 days before initiating therapy after being on an MAOI or 7 days before taking an MAOI after stopping Effexor XR.

• Patients should be alerted that this medication should not be discontinued abruptly.

(11)

Indication: Seasonal allergies

Side effects: Headache

Special considerations:

• The patient should be aware that taking this medication with fruit juice may decrease its efficacy.

(12)

Brand names: Neurontin, Gralise, Horizant

Generic name: Gabapentin

Drug class: Anticonvulsant

• Treats seizures.

(13)

Brand names: Percocet, Tylox, Primlev, Roxicet

Generic name: Oxycodone/acetaminophen

Drug class: Narcotic, analgesic, antipyretic

• Relieves pain and reduces fever.

(14)

Indications: Epilepsy, neuropathic pain

Side effects: Ataxia, dizziness, fatigue, somnolence

Special considerations:

• Patients should be alerted that this medication should not be discontinued abruptly.

• The patient should not take this medication with alcohol.

(13)

Indication: Moderate to moderately severe pain relief

Side effects: Lightheadedness, dizziness, drowsiness or sedation, nausea, vomiting

Special considerations:

• This medication is a Schedule II habit-forming drug.

• The patient should not use this medication in combination with acetaminophen or other products containing acetaminophen in order to not exceed the maximum dose allowance of acetaminophen (doses that exceed 4 g of acetaminophen per day).

• The patient should not take this medication with alcohol.

(14)

Brand names: Zestril, Prinivil

Generic name: Lisinopril

Drug class: Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor

• Decreases blood pressure and dilates blood vessels.

(15)

Brand name: Lotrel

Generic name: Amlodipine besylate and benazepril HCl

Drug class: Antihypertensive

• Treats hypertension.

(16)

Indications: Hypertension, heart failure

Side effects: Dizziness, cough, headache

Special considerations:

• Alert pharmacist if a patient on an ACE inhibitor attempts to buy cough medication or complains of a cough. The cessation of the treatment is the only effective treatment for the ACE inhibitor-related cough.

(15)

Indication: Hypertension

Side effects: Peripheral edema, dizziness, fatigue

Special considerations:

• The patient should not take this medication if pregnant.

• This medication can lead to excessive hypotension if taken concurrently with diuretics.

(16)

Brand name: Prevacid

Generic name: Lansoprazole

Drug class: Proton pump inhibitor (PPI)

• Prevents acid buildup.

• Notice the suffix -prazole, which distinguishes PPIs from other drug classes.

(17)

Brand names: Levoxyl, Synthroid, L Thyroxine, Levo T, Levothroid, Levoxine, Tirosint, Unithroid

Generic name: Levothyroxine

Drug class: Thyroid hormone, antihypothyroid

• Replaces thyroid hormone.

(18)

Indications: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), ulcers, heartburn

Side effects: Diarrhea, nausea, headache, fatigue, abdominal pain

Special considerations:

• The patient should not take this medication if hypersensitive to other proton pump inhibitors.

(17)

Indications: Hypothyroidism, goiter

Side effects: Arrhythmias, cramps, diarrhea, nervousness, tachycardia, tremor

Special considerations:

• This medication should not be used for treatment of obesity or for weight loss.

• The patient should not take this medication if allergic to aspirin.

(18)

Brand name: Augmentin

Generic name: Amoxicillin/clavulanate

Drug class: Penicillin antibiotic

• Kills bacteria by interfering with their cell wall formation.

(19)

Brand name: Norvasc

Generic name: Amlodipine besylate

Drug class: Calcium channel blocker

• Decreases blood pressure.

(20)

Indications: Lower respiratory tract bacterial infections, otitis media, sinusitis, skin infections, urinary tract infections

Side effects: Diarrhea, diaper rash, mycosis, nausea, vomiting

Special considerations:

• The patient should not take this medication if allergic to penicillins, cephalosporins, or carbapenems.

• Patients with renal impairment should avoid using the extended-release tablets.

(19)

Indications: Hypertension, angina

Side effects: Edema, headache, fatigue, palpitation, dizziness, flushing, nausea

Special considerations:

• The prescriber needs to adjust the dose for patients with severe hepatic impairment because this medication is extensively metabolized by the liver.

(20)

Brand names: Flonase, Veramyst

Generic name: Fluticasone intranasal

Drug class: Corticosteroid, intranasal

• Reduces inflammation and mucus production.

(21)

Brand names: Xanax, Niravam

Generic name: Alprazolam

Drug class: Benzodiazepine

• Produces sedation, induces sleep (hypnotic), reduces anxiety (anxiolytic), reduces convulsions (anticonvulsant), and relaxes muscles.

• Notice the suffix -am, which distinguishes benzodiazepines from other drug classes.

(22)

Indications: Allergic and nonallergic nasal symptoms

Side effects: Headache, upper respiratory infection, pharyngitis, nasal congestion, nasal discharge, allergic rhinitis, dysphonia

Special considerations:

• Patients with recent nasal injury or surgery should avoid this medication.

(21)

Indications: Anxiety, panic disorders

Side effects: Drowsiness, depression, headache, constipation, diarrhea, dry mouth

Special considerations:

• This is a Schedule IV habit-forming drug.

• This medication should not be taken with alcohol.

• Patients should be alerted to not discontinue this medication abruptly.

(22)

Brand name: Flomax

Generic name: Tamsulosin HCl

Drug class: Alpha blocker or alpha antagonist

• Blocks alpha receptors, resulting in vasoconstriction and decreased gastrointestinal motility.

(23)

Brand names: Rhinocort Aqua, Entocort

Generic name: Budesonide

Drug class: Corticosteroid

• Reduces inflammation and mucus production.

(24)

Indication: Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)

Side effects: Hypotension, dizziness, gastrointestinal upset, nasal congestion, drowsiness

Special considerations:

• The first dose of this medication may cause loss of consciousness. The patient should be alerted to avoid standing up quickly upon initiation of this medication.

• This medication should not be taken with alcohol.

(23)

Indication: Crohn’s disease

Side effects: Headache, nausea, respiratory infection, back pain, dizziness, abdominal pain, dyspepsia, vomiting, fatigue

Special considerations:

• Patients should be alerted that high-fat meals will delay absorption of this medication.

(24)

Brand names: Glucophage, Fortamet, Glumetza, Riomet

Generic name: Metformin

Drug class: Antihyperglycemic

• Controls blood sugar by decreasing hepatic glucose production, decreasing glucose absorption by the gastrointestinal system, and improve target cell response to insulin.

(25)

Brand name: Zoloft

Generic name: Sertraline

Drug class: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), antidepressant

• Treats depression.

(26)

Indication: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (non–insulin-dependent diabetes)

Side effects: Asthenia, diarrhea, flatulence, gastrointestinal complaints, nausea, vomiting

Special considerations:

• Patients with hepatic disease and patients aged 80 years or older with renal impairment should avoid this medication.

(25)

Indications: Depression, panic disorder, obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD)

Side effects: Diarrhea, nausea, headache, insomnia, dizziness, dry mouth, fatigue, somnolence

Special considerations:

• This medication is not approved for use in pediatric patients.

• Patients must allow a 14-day withdrawal period before or after taking a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI).

(26)

Brand names: Wellbutrin XL, Zyban, Budeprion SR, Aplenzin, Buproban, Forfivo XL

Generic name: Bupropion XL

Drug class: Antidepressant, smoking cessation aid

• Treats depression.

(27)

Brand name: Omnicef

Generic name: Cefdinir

Drug class: Cephalosporin antibiotic

• Kills bacteria by interfering with their cell wall formation.

• Notice the prefix cef-, which distinguishes cephalosporins from other drug classes.

(28)

Indications: Major depressive disorder, smoking cessation

Side effects: Headache, dry mouth, nausea, weight loss, insomnia, abdominal pain, agitation, anxiety, constipation, dizziness

Special considerations:

• The patient should not take this medication if suffering from a seizure disorder or if at risk of developing seizures.

• Patients should allow at least 14 days before initiation after stopping monoamine oxidase inhibitors.

(27)

Indications: Community-acquired pneumonia, respiratory tract infections, acute maxillary sinusitis, skin infections

Side effects: Diarrhea, nausea, rash, headache

Special considerations:

• The prescriber should reduce the dose by half in patients with renal impairment.

(28)

Brand name: Cozaar

Generic name: Losartan potassium

Drug class: Angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB)

• Notice the suffix -sartan, which distinguishes ARBs from other drug classes.

(29)

Brand name: Risperdal

Generic name: Risperidone

Drug class: Antipsychotic (2nd generation)

• Treats psychosis by tranquilizing the patient.

(30)

Indication: Hypertension

Side effects: Fatigue, hypoglycemia, chest pain, cough, diarrhea, upper respiratory infection, hypotension, dizziness, nausea

Special considerations:

• Patients should not use this medication if pregnant.

• The patients should be alerted not to take this medication concurrently with ACE inhibitors and beta-adrenergic blocking agents.

(29)

Indications: Schizophrenia, bipolar mania

Side effects: Somnolence, insomnia, agitation, anxiety, headache, rhinitis, constipation, dyspepsia, nausea, vomiting

Special considerations:

• This medication is not approved for treatment of patients with dementia-related psychosis.

(30)

Brand name: Pravachol

Generic name: Pravastatin

Drug class: Statin, HMG-CoA (3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA) reductase inhibitor

• Reduces low-density lipoprotein (LDL)/cholesterol.

• Notice the suffix -statin, which distinguishes lipid-lowering agents from other drug classes.

(31)

Brand names: Amoxil, Moxatag, Trimox

Generic name: Amoxicillin

Drug class: Penicillin antibiotic

• Kills bacteria by interfering with their cell wall formation.

(32)

Indications: Hypercholesterolemia or hyperlipidemia

Side effects: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, chest pain, fatigue, rash, cough, heartburn, myalgia

Special considerations:

• The patient should be aware that there is a