Angina Pectoris, (Heart Chest Pain) A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
By Kenneth Kee
5/5
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About this ebook
Angina pectoris is a medical symptom that literally means "strangling in the chest."
Patients complain that the angina symptom is a squeezing, suffocating or burning feeling in their chest but the episode of angina is not a heart attack.
The heart muscle is not injured permanently and the pain normally disappears with rest unlike a heart attack.
Angina Pectoris is an early warning symptom of an ischemic heart disease (IHD).
IHD is the most frequent form of heart disease in adults.
It happens when a waxy substance called plaque accumulates on the inner walls of the coronary arteries.
These arteries deliver oxygen-rich blood to the heart.
Plaque reduces and stiffens the lumen of the coronary arteries.
This decreases the flow of oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle, inducing chest pain.
Plaque buildup also tends more to induce blood clots in the arteries.
Blood clots can partly or totally block blood flow, which can produce a heart attack.
Angina also can be an indication of coronary micro-vascular disease (MVD
This is heart disease that involves the heart’s smallest coronary arteries.
In coronary MVD, the plaque does not cause blockages in the arteries like it does in IHD.
Angina happens when the blood supply of the heart is partly obstructed by narrowing of the blood vessel:
1. It happens during exertion when the supply of the blood to the heart is inadequate to keep up with the higher demands of the heart muscles.
2. It can also happen when anger or fear induces the heart muscles to pump faster to deliver the body with oxygen.
3. Emotional stress can also induce spasm of the coronary arteries decreasing oxygen to the heart tissues.
4. Smoking
Stable angina is the most frequent form of angina.
It happens when the heart is pumping harder than usual
Unstable angina does not keep the normal ECG pattern
Unstable angina may happen more often and be more serious than stable angina
Variant angina pectoris, or Prinzmetal's angina, is a rare form of angina induced by coronary spasm
Micro-vascular angina is a form of angina where patients feel chest pain but do not appear to have an obstruction in a coronary artery.
The main sign is ST depression in the ECG (electrocardiogram) during the attack which becomes normal after the attack.
An ECG can reveal signs of heart damage due to IHD and signs of a previous or present heart attack.
Some people who have angina can have normal ECGs
By eating healthy food, not smoking, restricted alcohol, and avoiding stress, the patient may have a better and more comfortable life and with fewer angina attacks.
Nitrates are the medicines most often given to treat angina.
Nitroglycerin works in seconds. Nitroglycerin pills or spray may be given to stop chest pain.
The patient may require taking more medicines to prevent the patient from having angina.
1. ACE inhibitors to reduce blood pressure and protect the heart
2. Beta-blockers to reduce heart rate, blood pressure, and oxygen use by the heart
3. Calcium channel blockers to relax arteries, reduce blood pressure, decrease strain on the heart
4. Nitrates to assist to prevent angina
5. Ranolazine (Ranexa) to treat chronic angina
TABLE OF CONTENT
Introduction
Chapter 1 Angina Pectoris
Chapter 2 Causes
Chapter 3 Symptoms
Chapter 4 Diagnosis
Chapter 5 Treatment
Chapter 6 Prognosis
Chapter 7 Coronary Heart Disease
Chapter 8 Congestive Heart Failure
Epilogue
Kenneth Kee
Medical doctor since 1972.Started Kee Clinic in 1974 at 15 Holland Dr #03-102, relocated to 36 Holland Dr #01-10 in 2009.Did my M.Sc (Health Management ) in 1991 and Ph.D (Healthcare Administration) in 1993.Dr Kenneth Kee is still working as a family doctor at the age of 74However he has reduced his consultation hours to 3 hours in the morning and 2 hours inthe afternoon.He first started writing free blogs on medical disorders seen in the clinic in 2007 on http://kennethkee.blogspot.com.His purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of his patients which is also his dissertation for his Ph.D (Healthcare Administration). He then wrote an autobiography account of his journey as a medical student to family doctor on his other blog http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.comThis autobiography account “A Family Doctor’s Tale” was combined with his early “A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders” into a new Wordpress Blog “A Family Doctor’s Tale” on http://ken-med.com.From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 1000 eBooks.He apologized for typos and spelling mistakes in his earlier books.He will endeavor to improve the writing in futures.Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.The later books go into more details of medical disorders.He has published 1000 eBooks on various subjects on health, 1 autobiography of his medical journey, another on the autobiography of a Cancer survivor, 2 children stories and one how to study for his nephew and grand-daughter.The purpose of these simple guides is to educate patient on health disorders and not meant as textbooks.He does not do any night duty since 2000 ever since Dr Tan had his second stroke.His clinic is now relocated to the Buona Vista Community Centre.The 2 units of his original clinic are being demolished to make way for a new Shopping Mall.He is now doing some blogging and internet surfing (bulletin boards since the 1980's) startingwith the Apple computer and going to PC.The entire PC is upgraded by himself from XT to the present Pentium duo core.The present Intel i7 CPU is out of reach at the moment because the CPU is still expensive.He is also into DIY changing his own toilet cistern and other electric appliance.His hunger for knowledge has not abated and he is a lifelong learner.The children have all grown up and there are 2 grandchildren who are even more technically advanced than the grandfather where mobile phones are concerned.This book is taken from some of the many articles in his blog (now with 740 posts) A Family Doctor’s Tale.Dr Kee is the author of:"A Family Doctor's Tale""Life Lessons Learned From The Study And Practice Of Medicine""Case Notes From A Family Doctor"
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Angina Pectoris, (Heart Chest Pain) A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions - Kenneth Kee
Angina Pectoris,
(Heart Chest Pain)
A
Simple
Guide
To
The Condition,
Diagnosis,
Treatment
And
Related Conditions
By
Dr Kenneth Kee
M.B.,B.S. (Singapore)
Ph.D (Healthcare Administration)
Copyright Kenneth Kee 2016 Smashwords Edition
Published by Kenneth Kee at Smashwords.com
Dedication
This book is dedicated
To my wife Dorothy
And my children
Carolyn, Grace
And Kelvin
This book describes the Angina Pectoris, Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases which is seen in some of my patients in my Family Clinic.
(What You Need to Treat Angina Pectoris)
This eBook is licensed for the personal enjoyment only. This eBook may not be re-sold or given away to other people. If you would like to share this book with another person, please purchase an additional copy for each reader.
If you’re reading this book and did not purchase it, or it was not purchased for your use only, then please return to Smashwords.com and purchase your own copy.
Thank you for respecting the hard work of this author.
Introduction
I have been writing medical articles for my blog http://kennethkee.blogspot.com (A Simple Guide to Medical Condition) for the benefit of my patients since 2007.
My purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of my patients.
Health Education was also my dissertation for my Ph.D (Healthcare Administration).
I then wrote an autobiolographical account of his journey as a medical student to family doctor on his other blog http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.com.
This autobiolographical account A Family Doctor’s Tale
was combined with my early A Simple Guide to Medical Conditions
into a new Wordpress Blog A Family Doctor’s Tale
on http://kenkee481.wordpress.com.
From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 700 amazon kindle books and some into Smashwords.com eBooks.
Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.
For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.
The later books go into more details of medical conditions.
The first chapter is always from my earlier blogs which unfortunately tends to have typos and spelling mistakes.
Since 2013, I have tried to improve my spelling and writing.
As I tried to bring you the latest information about a condition or illness by reading the latest journals both online and offline, I find that I am learning more and improving on my own medical knowledge in diagnosis and treatment for my patients.
Just by writing all these simple guides I find that I have learned a lot from your reviews (good or bad), criticism and advice.
I am sorry for the repetitions in these simple guides as the second chapters onwards have new information as compared to my first chapter taken from my blog.
I also find repetition definitely help me and maybe some readers to remember the facts in the books more easily.
I apologize if these repetitions are irritating to some readers.
Chapter 1
Angina Pectoris
What is Angina Pectoris?
Angina pectoris is a medical symptom that literally means strangling in the chest.
Patients complain that the angina symptom is a squeezing, suffocating or burning feeling in their chest but the episode of angina is not a heart attack.
The heart muscle is not injured permanently and the pain normally disappears with rest unlike a heart attack.
Angina Pectoris is an early warning symptom of an ischemic heart disease (IHD).
IHD is the most frequent form of heart disease in adults.
It happens when a waxy substance called plaque accumulates on the inner walls of the coronary arteries.
These arteries deliver oxygen-rich blood to the heart.
Plaque reduces and stiffens the lumen of the coronary arteries.
This decreases the flow of oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle, inducing chest pain.
Plaque buildup also tends more to induce blood clots in the arteries.
Blood clots can partly or totally block blood flow, which can produce a heart attack.
Angina also can be an indication of coronary micro-vascular disease (MVD).
This is heart disease that involves the heart’s smallest coronary arteries.
In coronary MVD, the plaque does not cause blockages in the arteries like it does in IHD.
Studies have shown that coronary MVD tends more to affect women than men.
Coronary MVD also is called syndrome X heart disease and non-obstructive IHD
Angina pectoris appears as a form of chest discomfort because of the poor blood flow through the blood vessels (coronary vessels) of the heart muscle (myocardium)
Angina happens when the blood supply of the heart is partly obstructed by narrowing of the blood vessel:
1. It happens during exertion when the supply of the blood to the heart is inadequate to keep up with the higher demands of the heart muscles.
2. It can also happen when anger or fear induces the heart muscles to pump faster to deliver the body with oxygen.
3. Emotional stress can also induce spasm of the coronary arteries decreasing oxygen to the heart tissues.
4. Smoking can also narrow the blood arteries to the heart.
What are the types of Angina pectoris?
Stable angina
Stable angina is the most frequent form of angina.
It happens when the heart is pumping harder than usual.
Stable angina has a normal pattern. (Pattern
indicates how frequently the angina happens, how severe it is, and what factors activate it.)
If the patient has stable angina, the patient can find out its pattern and foretell when the pain will happen.
The pain normally goes away a