Discovering Great Artists: Hands-On Art Experiences in the Styles of Great Masters
By MaryAnn F Kohl and Kim Solga
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Discovering Great Artists - MaryAnn F Kohl
Glossary
Introduction
Discovering Great Artists offers children hands-on activities to explore the styles and techniques of the world’s greatest artists. Each art process focuses on one style and one artist. A brief biography and portrait of each artist adds depth and interest to the art project. The most important aspects of the art projects are discovery, exploration, and individual creativity. The finished product will be an indirect benefit.
Discovering Great Artists introduces children to the great masters. Many great artists will be familiar names, like Michelangelo, da Vinci, Picasso, Rembrandt, and van Gogh. Other names will perhaps be new, such as Arp, Nevelson, Hokusai, or Paik. Each featured artist has a style that can inspire and be explored by children, with a life history that will inspire or add depth to the experience.
Discovering Great Artists is a book of exploring. Young children are usually most interested in the process of art, not the finished product, and may or may not show interest in the associated art history or art appreciation. Many will be curious and can absorb as much as their interests allow. Most older children will want to know more about the artist’s life and how it affected the artist’s style. No one is required to learn the history of each artist or the eras or movements they represent. The information on each page is offered as a source of reference and inspiration for interested learners. Don’t be surprised if children want to collect information about different artists much the way they collect baseball cards and statistics.
Discovering Great Artists encourages children to learn by doing, to become familiar with new ideas. If a child experiences painting with the impasto paint van Gogh used in his swirling, expressive brushstrokes, then that child will feel more comfortable and familiar as an older student or adult studying van Gogh. Imagine visiting a gallery in Paris and seeing that same impasto style by van Gogh in person! Many children have expressed that it is like meeting an old friend.
The most important thing for the child is to explore new art ideas and techniques. Above all, the activities are open-ended. It is up to the child to decide exactly how his or her work of art will turn out. Independent thinking is encouraged, while skills and responsibility are enhanced through individual decisions.
Discovering Great Artists offers art activities to expand the creative experience and awareness of children in all aspects of the visual arts through painting, drawing, printing, sculpture, architecture, and other manipulations of art materials. The activities in this book work well for all ages and abilities, from the most basic skill level to the most challenging. Repeat projects often and see new outcomes and learnings each time.
Discovering Great Artists encourages children to expand their knowledge. Getting to know great artists will inspire children to read books, visit museums, go to the library, collect information, and look at the world in a new way. They will begin to encompass a greater sense of history and art appreciation and see themselves in the scope of time. Perhaps they will be inspired to carry art in their hearts as they grow and develop. They are already great artists in every sense of the word.
LONG, LONG AGO
Renaissance and Post-Renaissance
Giotto di Bondone
Scenes from the Life of Joachim: 2. Joachim among the Shepherds, 1303–1305
Public domain collection compiled by The Yorck Project
1267–1337
When Giotto (ZHEE-O-TO) was a young boy tending sheep in the mountains of northern Italy, he drew pictures to help pass the time. A traveling artist discovered Giotto’s drawings and offered him an apprenticeship. Giotto learned how to make paintbrushes and art tools, studied which minerals could be used to create different colors of paint, and worked on drawings and small parts of paintings. Eventually Giotto left to find work on his own. He became the chief master of cathedral building and public art in Florence, Italy. Giotto is best known for painting people who appeared three-dimensional rather than flat.
Many paintings of Giotto’s time were made with egg tempera paint on special panels of wood. There were no art stores, so each artist had to make paint by grinding minerals, clay, berries, or even insects into fine powder and mixing these pigments with egg yolk and water. Egg tempera makes a thin, fast drying coat of bright color. The paint is very strong and long lasting. Giotto’s beautiful egg tempera paintings are over 700 years old!
Egg Paint
Giotto’s paints were made from egg yolks mixed with clay, minerals, berries, or even ground insects to make colored pigments. Young artists explore Giotto’s technique of painting with egg tempera with a homemade recipe made with crushed chalk.
Materials
colored chalk (bright pastels work best)
old bowl and round rock
muffin tin or plastic egg carton
egg
2 teaspoons water
spoon and fork
paintbrush and paper
Process
Break off small pieces of colored chalk and grind them into powder in an old bowl with a round rock. Note: Avoid breathing the chalk powder.
Put the colored powders into the cups of a muffin tin or egg carton.
Crack the egg and separate the yellow yolk from the clear egg white.
Put the yolk in a clean bowl and mix it with 2 teaspoons of water. Whip it with a fork until the mixture is frothy yellow.
Add spoons of egg-water to the powdered chalk and stir with a paintbrush until you make a smooth, runny paint.
Now use the egg tempera paint to make a painting!
Egg Flowers, Sally Ann Mitchell, age 6
Egg Tempera, Ashley Wimpy
Limbourg Brothers
Très Riches Heures du duc de Berry Folio 1, verso: January, 1412–1416, A Feast in January | Public domain via Wikimedia
1385–1416
One of the most beautiful works of art from the middle ages is a book of paintings made by three young Dutch brothers known as the Limbourg Brothers. The book is called Le Très Riches Heures (The Very Rich Hours). It was made by hand, one page at a time. The brothers Paul, Herman, and Johan were hired by a nobleman, the Duc de Berry, to create a prayer book. It was a calendar with lists of holy days and prayers, and pictures of things that happen through seasons of the year. They made the tiny book on smooth sheets of parchment using paints they made themselves. They worked with tiny paintbrushes and used magnifying lenses to help add detail.
Book of Days
Young artists create their own Book of Days by drawing pictures of their favorite times of the year on a page the same size and design as Les Très Riches Heures.
Materials
paper
pencil, eraser, and ruler
photocopier
colored marking pens with tiny points or colored pencils
2 sheets of heavy paper
stapler or hole punch and yarn
Process
Design a layout for the pages of an idividual Book of Days. The Limbourg Brothers used a rectangle topped by a half circle. Their pages were small—not much more than 5 inches wide and 9 inches tall. Draw these shapes on a piece of paper with a pencil and ruler or invent other shapes to frame the drawings.
Photocopy the page design, making 4 copies—one for each season of the year—or 12 copies—one for each month.
Draw a picture on each of the pages highlighting a favorite thing about each season or month. Perhaps draw a holiday or sport or how the neighborhood looks at a certain time of year. Add tiny details into each drawing, just like the Limbourg Brothers did hundreds of years ago. Write the name of the season or month somewhere in the drawing. Make a design in the top half-circle. One idea is to draw the sun, moon, planets, and stars.
Fasten the drawings together with 2 sheets of heavy paper as covers. Staple them together or use a hole punch with yarn ties to bind your Book of Days.
First Day of School in August, Parker McCown, age 6
Lorenzo Ghiberti
A bronze plaque (history of Joseph), from the Gates of Paradise of the Florence Baptistery
1378–1455
In the year 1401, the city of Florence, Italy, held a competition to choose an artist to decorate the doors of the beautiful city church. The winner was a young sculptor named Lorenzo Ghiberti (GHEE-BAIR-TEE). He created a scene from the Bible with figures that rose up out of the background. Ghiberti had been trained as a goldsmith, and the shimmer of his gold-plated bronze delighted the judges. They liked Ghiberti’s calm, elegant people with their softly flowing robes.
Ghiberti worked all of his life on the great baptistery doors at Florence. Many artists worked under him, carving the scenes, casting the metal panels, and covering them with pure gold. It took 20 years to finish the first set of doors—then the city hired Ghiberti to make even more. Michelangelo later said of Ghiberti’s baptistery doors, They are worthy to stand at the Gates of Paradise.
Florentine Relief
Young artists create a relief panel using cardboard, string, glue, and aluminum foil to explore the style of Ghiberti, and it won’t take nearly so long to complete!
Materials
matte board and heavy paper scraps
scissors
6-inch square piece of cardboard
white glue
heavy string, yarn, or twine
heavy duty aluminum foil
tape
black and colored markers
rough kitchen scrubber or steel wool
sheet of colored construction paper
Process
Cut a few shapes out of the matte board and heavy paper. Glue these shapes onto the cardboard sheet.
Glue some string down on the cardboard to add lines and shapes to the picture.
Lay a sheet of foil over everything. The foil should be larger than the piece of cardboard so the foil edges hang over the cardboard edges. Gently press the foil down onto the design.
Press and rub all over so the shapes and textures of the paper and string show through the foil. Fold the