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    Different Sleep Disorders, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Different Sleep Disorders, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Different Sleep Disorders, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Ebook255 pages2 hours

    Different Sleep Disorders, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions

    By Kenneth Kee

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    About this ebook

    This book describes Different Sleep Disorders, Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases

    Sleep is something which every one needs.

    It helps to relax the mind and permits the body to rest and rejuvenate itself.

    Sleep disorders are a group of disorders that influence the ability to sleep well on a regular basis.

    More than 70 percent of high school students document getting fewer than 8 hours of sleep on weeknights.

    Most people occasionally have sleeping disorders due to stress, hectic schedules, and other outside influences.

    When these disorders start to happen on a regular basis and disrupt daily life, they may indicate a sleeping disorder.

    Depending on the type of sleep disorder, different people may have a difficult time falling asleep and may feel very tired throughout the day.

    The lack of sleep can have a negative effect on energy, mood, concentration, and overall health.

    In some cases, sleep disorders can be a symptom of another medical or mental health disorder.

    These sleeping disorders may finally go away when treatment is obtained for the underlying cause.

    When sleep disorders are not produced by another disorder, treatment normally requires a combination of medical treatments and lifestyle changes.

    It is important to receive a diagnosis and treatment immediately if the doctor suspects the patient might have a sleep disorder.

    When left untreated, the negative effects of sleep disorders can cause further unhealthy results.

    They can also influence the performance at work, cause strain in relationships, and harm the ability to do daily activities.

    General symptoms of sleep disorders are:
    1. Difficulty falling or staying asleep
    2. Daytime fatigue
    3. Strong urge to take naps during the day
    4. Unusual breathing patterns
    5. Unusual or unpleasant urges to move while falling asleep
    6. Unusual movement or other experiences while asleep
    7. Unintentional changes to the sleep/wake schedule
    8. Irritability or anxiety
    9. Impaired performance at work or school
    10. Lack of concentration
    11. Depression
    12. Weight gain

    Polysomnography (PSG) is a lab sleep study that assesses oxygen levels, body movements, and brain waves to determine how they disturb sleep vs. home sleep study (HST) that is done at home and is utilized to diagnose sleep apnea.

    Multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) is a daytime napping study done in conjunction with a PSG at night to help diagnose narcolepsy.

    Electroencephalogram (EEG) is a test that evaluates electrical activity in the brain and detects any possible disorders linked with this activity.

    These tests can be important in deciding the right course of treatment for sleep disorders.

    Medical treatment for sleep disturbances might involve:
    1. Sleeping pills
    2. Melatonin supplements
    3. Allergy or cold medication
    4. Medications for any underlying health disorders
    5. Breathing device or surgery (normally for sleep apnea)
    6. A dental guard (normally for teeth grinding)

    Lifestyle alterations can greatly enhance the quality of sleep, especially when they are done along with medical treatments.

    The patient may want to consider:
    1. Incorporating more vegetables and fish into the diet, and reducing sugar intake
    2. Reducing stress and anxiety by exercising and stretching
    3. Creating and sticking to a regular sleeping schedule
    4. Drinking less water before bedtime
    5. Limiting the caffeine intake, especially in the late afternoon or evening
    6. Decreasing tobacco and alcohol use
    7. Eating smaller low carbohydrate meals before bedtime
    8. Going to bed and waking up at the same time every day can also significantly improve the sleep quality.

    TABLE OF CONTENT
    Introduction
    Chapter 1 Types of Sleep Disorders
    Chapter 2 Insomnia
    Chapter 3 Sleep Deprivation
    Chapter 4 Obstruct

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherKenneth Kee
    Release dateAug 19, 2020
    ISBN9781005894320
    Different Sleep Disorders, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Author

    Kenneth Kee

    Medical doctor since 1972.Started Kee Clinic in 1974 at 15 Holland Dr #03-102, relocated to 36 Holland Dr #01-10 in 2009.Did my M.Sc (Health Management ) in 1991 and Ph.D (Healthcare Administration) in 1993.Dr Kenneth Kee is still working as a family doctor at the age of 74However he has reduced his consultation hours to 3 hours in the morning and 2 hours inthe afternoon.He first started writing free blogs on medical disorders seen in the clinic in 2007 on http://kennethkee.blogspot.com.His purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of his patients which is also his dissertation for his Ph.D (Healthcare Administration). He then wrote an autobiography account of his journey as a medical student to family doctor on his other blog http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.comThis autobiography account “A Family Doctor’s Tale” was combined with his early “A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders” into a new Wordpress Blog “A Family Doctor’s Tale” on http://ken-med.com.From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 1000 eBooks.He apologized for typos and spelling mistakes in his earlier books.He will endeavor to improve the writing in futures.Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.The later books go into more details of medical disorders.He has published 1000 eBooks on various subjects on health, 1 autobiography of his medical journey, another on the autobiography of a Cancer survivor, 2 children stories and one how to study for his nephew and grand-daughter.The purpose of these simple guides is to educate patient on health disorders and not meant as textbooks.He does not do any night duty since 2000 ever since Dr Tan had his second stroke.His clinic is now relocated to the Buona Vista Community Centre.The 2 units of his original clinic are being demolished to make way for a new Shopping Mall.He is now doing some blogging and internet surfing (bulletin boards since the 1980's) startingwith the Apple computer and going to PC.The entire PC is upgraded by himself from XT to the present Pentium duo core.The present Intel i7 CPU is out of reach at the moment because the CPU is still expensive.He is also into DIY changing his own toilet cistern and other electric appliance.His hunger for knowledge has not abated and he is a lifelong learner.The children have all grown up and there are 2 grandchildren who are even more technically advanced than the grandfather where mobile phones are concerned.This book is taken from some of the many articles in his blog (now with 740 posts) A Family Doctor’s Tale.Dr Kee is the author of:"A Family Doctor's Tale""Life Lessons Learned From The Study And Practice Of Medicine""Case Notes From A Family Doctor"

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      Book preview

      Different Sleep Disorders, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions - Kenneth Kee

      Different Sleep Disorders,

      A

      Simple

      Guide

      To

      The Condition,

      Diagnosis,

      Treatment

      And

      Related Conditions

      By

      Dr Kenneth Kee

      M.B.,B.S. (Singapore)

      Ph.D (Healthcare Administration)

      Copyright Kenneth Kee 2020 Smashwords Edition

      Published by Kenneth Kee at Smashwords.com

      Dedication

      This book is dedicated

      To my wife Dorothy

      And my children

      Carolyn, Grace

      And Kelvin

      This book describes Different Sleep Disorders, Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases which is seen in some of my patients in my Family Clinic.

      (What You Need to Treat Different Sleep Disorders)

      This e-Book is licensed for your personal enjoyment only. This eBook may not be re-sold or given away to other people. If you would like to share this book with another person, please purchase an additional copy for each reader.

      If you’re reading this book and did not purchase it, or it was not purchased for your use only, then please return to Smashwords.com and purchase your own copy.

      Thank you for respecting the hard work of this author.

      Introduction

      I have been writing medical articles for my blog: http://kennethkee.blogspot.com (A Simple Guide to Medical Disorder) for the benefit of my patients since 2007.

      My purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of my patients.

      Health Education was also my dissertation for my Ph.D (Healthcare Administration).

      I then wrote an autobiography account of my journey as a medical student to family doctor on my other blog: http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.com.

      This autobiography account A Family Doctor’s Tale was combined with my early A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders into a new Wordpress Blog A Family Doctor’s Tale on http://kenkee481.wordpress.com.

      From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 800 eBooks.

      Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.

      For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.

      The later books go into more details of medical disorders.

      The first chapter is always from my earlier blogs which unfortunately tends to have typos and spelling mistakes.

      Since 2013, I have tried to improve my spelling and writing.

      As I tried to bring the patient the latest information about a disorder or illness by reading the latest journals both online and offline, I find that I am learning more and improving on my own medical knowledge in diagnosis and treatment for my patients.

      My diagnosis and treatment capability has improved tremendously from my continued education.

      Just by writing all these simple guides I find that I have learned a lot from your reviews (good or bad), criticism and advice.

      I am sorry for the repetitions in these simple guides as the second chapters onwards have new information as compared to my first chapter taken from my blog.

      I also find repetition definitely help me and maybe some readers to remember the facts in the books more easily.

      I apologize if these repetitions are irritating to some readers.

      Chapter 1

      Sleep Disorders

      What is Sleep?

      Sleep is something which every one needs.

      It helps to relax the mind and permits the body to rest and rejuvenate itself.

      Sleep is depicted as a state of awareness or dynamic activity which provides the body time to rest and build up strength while the brains continue working.

      Sleep has 4 phases:

      1. During the first stage N1, the sleeping is light and a person can be easily awakened.

      At this N1 stage, the muscle actions and eye movements are very slow.

      Alpha waves of 8-13 Hz (awake stage) start to alter to the theta waves of 4-7 Hz on the EEG.

      Often when a person is awakened, sudden muscle contractions happen as if the person is falling off the bed.

      This early stage of sleep is the lightest stage.

      N1 only persists for up to 10 minutes and is the easiest stage to wake a person.

      During this stage, the body starts to relax by reducing its heart rate, blood pressure, eye movements, and respiratory rate.

      Muscle activity also diminishes, even though twitches can often be observed.

      If brain activity is measured with an electroencephalogram (EEG), the pattern will reveal slowing of alpha waves, the rhythmic patterns normally seen while awake, and lower voltage waves.

      2. At N2 stage, eye movements cease and brain waves become slower with intermittent burst of rapid waves termed sleep spindles.

      Muscle activity as measured by EMG diminishes, and consciousness of the external environment disappears.

      This stage involves 45–55% of total sleep in adults.

      This N2 sleep stage continues the body relaxation with further reductions in heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, and muscle action.

      The eye movements have stopped by this phase.

      In order to further reduce energy needs, body temperature also falls by about 1 to 2 degrees F.

      An EEG done during this stage will often reveal K waves, or long, high voltage waves persisting up to 1 second, and sleep spindles or periods of low voltage and high frequency spikes as telltale signs.

      Generally, this stage persists about 10 to 25 minutes

      3. In stage N3, delta waves of 0.5 to 2 Hz begin to appear.

      These are very slow brain waves that are interspersed with smaller, faster waves.

      They can be depicted as slow wave type of sleep.

      Sleep at stages 3 is regarded as deep sleep where there is no more eye movement or muscle activity.

      It is hard to wake up a person who is in stage 3 of sleep.

      People who are awakened during deep sleep may feel temporary disorientation.

      It is also during this deep sleep stage that children have bedwetting, night terrors, or sleepwalking.

      This final stage of non-REM sleep, N3, is the deepest stage of sleep and it is the very difficult to awaken a person.

      Bodily functions have relaxed to their slowest point during this stage.

      Muscle activity persists to decrease, but slight muscle movements are still possible in this stage.

      The typical EEG reveals a high voltage, slow and irregular pattern termed delta waves.

      N3 sleep stage persists for about 20 to 40 minutes before transitioning to the REM sleep stage

      4. REM sleep is the last sleep stage where breathing is faster, more shallow and irregular.

      The eyes jerk rapidly (rapid eye movements) in different directions with the limb muscles becoming paralyzed for a short period of time.

      During this stage, the heart rate rises, blood pressure rises, and penile erections happen among men.

      REM sleep is different from the other stages of sleep, as the brain becomes more active during this phase almost to the degree or even more so than while conscious.

      Dreams happen during REM sleep stage.

      The increase in activity is often linked with vivid dreaming that happens in this stage.

      The eyes move rapidly and sideways during this stage of sleep.

      Heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure start to rise higher to the values while awake.

      The limb muscle activities are temporarily paralyzed.

      EEGs obtained during REM reveal sleep patterns with low voltage and fast waves, some alpha waves, and muscle twitch spikes linked with transmitted rapid eye movement.

      REM sleep is the longest stage of the sleep cycle and persists for 70 to 120 minutes.

      As the period of sleep goes on, the sleep cycle supports the longer time spent in REM sleep.

      The combination of repeat occurring non-REM and REM sleep is believed to improve the body’s physical and mental rest and help in memory formation.

      These stages repeat themselves in a cycle.

      A whole sleep cycle takes about 90 to 110 minutes on average.

      The first sleep cycle each night is featured by short REM periods and long periods of deep sleep.

      As the night continues, REM sleep periods get longer while deep sleep periods get shorter.

      In the morning, people use their sleep time in stages 1, 2, and REM sleep stages.

      Based on research, people use up 50% of their sleep time in stage 2 sleep, about 20% in REM sleep, and 30% in other sleep stages.

      In comparison, infants use up 50% of their sleep time in REM sleep.

      Sleep and being awake are influenced by different neurotransmitter signals in the brain.

      When food and medicine alter the balance of these signals, a person starts to feel alert or sluggish.

      It also involves the way a person sleeps.

      Coffee and other caffeinated drinks and weight loss diet pills can produce insomnia by stimulating some parts of the brain.

      Others turn to taking alcohol which only results in light sleep, but take away REM and deeper, more restorative stages of sleep.

      Inadequate sleep can more than double the danger of death from cardiovascular disease but excessive sleep can also be linked with a doubling of the risk of death, though not from cardiovascular disease

      Importance of Sleep

      Sleep is the salve that calms and restores after a long day.

      Sleep is largely controlled by the body’s internal clock, which takes signs from external elements such as sunlight and temperature.

      The body’s natural sleep-and-wake cycle is sensibly adjusted to a 24-hour period.

      Disruptions in the sleep cycle are unsettling to the function of many body systems.

      Learning, memory, stamina, general health and mood are all influenced by sleep length and quality.

      For many people, sleep is indefinable or otherwise troubled.

      Most people, at some point in their lives, have difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep.

      Possible consequences of persistently poor sleep are obesity, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes.

      Sleep deprivation can also influence judgment and mental acuity.

      Sleep requirements vary from person to person and across different age groups.

      One person may require 8 full hours while another can function with less sleep.

      The good report is that the treatment of sleep disorders is quickly going.

      In spite of the universal requirement for sleep, there is much about it that doctors do not understand

      It is known that sleep permits for the body and brain to refill energy and repair themselves in critical methods.

      Memory consolidation, information processing, physical growth, muscle repair, and countless other processes are believed to happen during sleep; sleep is also

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