Yogasanas: Simple aasans that keep you fit and healthy
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About this ebook
Initially, the Yogic saints developed the Yogasanas by referring to animals, birds, trees and other creatures in order to stretch or relax. There are innumerable Yogasanas discussed in the book. Some of the well-known among them are: Surya Namaskar and its different poses, Uttana Padasana (Stretched leg Pose), Pawana Muktasana (Wind Release Pose), Naukasana (Boat Pose), Chakrasana (Wheel Pose), Padmasana (Lotus Pose), Halasana (Plough Pose), etc.
However, it is recommended that Yoga should always be practised under the guidance of a trained Yoga Teacher/Practitioner.
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Yogasanas - Swami Ramesh ChandraShukla
Chapter 1
What is Yoga?
The word, Yoga comes from the Sanskrit word, ‘Yuj, meaning to yoke, join or unite. It implies joining or integrating all aspects of the individualbody with mind, and mind with soul to achieve a balanced and healthy lifestyle so that we can spiritually unite with the Supreme. According to the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali, the ultimate aim of Yoga is to reach ‘Kaivalya’ (emanicipation or ultimate freedom).
Yoga is commonly known as a generic term for physical, mental and spiritual discipline originating from ancient India and found in Sanatana Dharma (Hinduism). It envisioned in one of the six spiritual schools of Vedic (Hindu) philosophy known as the ‘Shat-Darshana’. The Yoga school of philosophy accepts the Sankhya school of philosophy and its metaphysics as both these schools belong to the class of the Shat-Darshana. Yoga is not a matter of psychology of mental health only but it is a question of spiritual growth. Yoga practices are an attempt to push the individual towards his true potential as a complete self-realisation. The whole system of Yoga is built on three main structures – exercise, breathing and meditation thereby leading towards full psyche control of the SELF in order to achieve the ultimate freedom as discussed above.
These six schools of philosophy are:
1. Samkhya
2. Yoga
3. Nyaya
4. Vaisheshika
5. Purva (Karma) Mimamsa
6. Uttar Mimamsa (Vedanta): The Three Schools of Vedanta
(a) Monism: Advaita Vedanta
(b) Qualified Monism: Vishistadvaita
(c) Dualism: Dvaita
(d) Synthesis: Achintya Bheda-Abheda Vedanta
1. Samkhya
Samkhya is widely regarded to be the oldest of the philosophical systems of the Vedic tradition. Its philosophy regards the universe as consisting of two eternal realities: purusha and prakrti. The purushas (souls) are many, conscious and devoid of all qualities. They are the silent spectators of prakrti (matter or nature), which is composed of three gunas (dispositions): satva, rajas and tamas (steadiness, activity and dullness). When the equilibrium of the gunas is disturbed, the world order evolves. This disturbance is due to the proximity of Purusha and Prakrti. Liberation (kaivalya), then, consists of the realisation of the difference between the two. This was a dualistic philosophy. But there are differences between the Samkhya and Western forms of dualism. In the West, the fundamental distinction is between mind and body. In Samkhya, however, it is between the self (purusha) and matter, and the latter incorporates what Westerners would normally refer to as ‘mind’.
2. Yoga
The Yoga system is generally considered to have arisen from the Samkhya philosophy. Its primary text is the Bhagavad Gita, which explores the four primary systems. Sage Patanjali wrote an extremely influential text on Raja Yoga (or meditation) entitled the Yoga Sutra. The most significant difference from Samkhya is that the Yoga school not only incorporates the concept of Ishvara (a personal God) into its metaphysical worldview, which the Samkhya does not, but also upholds Ishvara as the ideal upon which to meditate. This is because Ishvara is the only aspect of purusha that has not become entangled with prakrti. It also utilises the Brahman/Atman terminology and concepts that are found in depth in the Upanishads, thus breaking from the Samkhya school by adopting Vedantic monist concepts. The Yoga system lays down elaborate prescriptions for gradually gaining physical and mental control and mastery over the personal, aspects the body and mind, self, until one’s consciousness has intensified sufficiently to allow awareness of one’s real Self (the soul, or Atman) (as distinct from one’s feelings, thoughts and actions). Realisation of the goal of Yoga is known as moksha, nirvana and Samadhi. They all speak to the realisation of the Atman as being nothing other than the infinite Brahman.
3. Nyaya
The Nyaya School of philosophical speculation is based on a text called the Nyaya Sutra. It was written by Gautama (not to be confused with the founder of Buddhism), also known as Akshapada. The most important contribution made by this school is its methodology. This is based on a system of logic that has subsequently been adopted by most of the other Vedic schools much in the same way that Western science, religion and philosophy and can be said to be largely based on Aristotelian logic. But Nyaya is not merely logic for its own sake. The Vedic seers believed that obtaining valid knowledge was the only way to obtain release from suffering. They therefore took great pains to identify valid sources of knowledge and to distinguish these from mere false opinions. According to the Nyaya School, there are exactly four sources of knowledge (pramanas): perception, inference, comparison and testimony. Knowledge obtained through each of these can of course still be either valid or invalid, and the Nyaya scholars again went to