Everand Logo

Welcome to Everand!

  • Discover millions of ebooks, audiobooks, and so much more with a free trial

    Only $11.99/month after trial. Cancel anytime.

    Development and Application of Level 1 Probabilistic Safety Assessment for Nuclear Power Plants
    Development and Application of Level 1 Probabilistic Safety Assessment for Nuclear Power Plants
    Development and Application of Level 1 Probabilistic Safety Assessment for Nuclear Power Plants
    Ebook470 pages4 hours

    Development and Application of Level 1 Probabilistic Safety Assessment for Nuclear Power Plants

    By IAEA

    ()

    Read preview

    About this ebook

    The objective of this Safety Guide is to provide recommendations for meeting the requirements of GSR Part 4 (Rev. 1) in the development and application of Level 1 Probabilistic Safety Assessments (PSAs) for nuclear power plants (NPPs). The recommendations provided in this publication promoting technical consistency among Level 1 PSA studies, in order to provide reliable support for applications of PSAs and risk informed decision making, particularly to support the design of NPPs and decision making during plant commissioning and operation. The revised Safety Guide's scope encompasses the main methodological aspects of PSA and in particular has been updated to reflect developments in specific areas, such as passive systems reliability, computer based systems reliability, combinations of hazards, human reliability analysis and to expand the scope of PSA to include site level risk considerations such as multi-unit and spent fuel pool PSA.
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherInternational Atomic Energy Agency
    Release dateMar 15, 2024
    ISBN9789201308238
    Development and Application of Level 1 Probabilistic Safety Assessment for Nuclear Power Plants

    Read more from Iaea

    Related to Development and Application of Level 1 Probabilistic Safety Assessment for Nuclear Power Plants

    Titles in the series (62)

    View More
    View More

    Related ebooks

    Power Resources For You

    View More
    View More

    Related podcast episodes

    Related articles

    • Article

      Addressing the Risks

      Jun 14, 2019

      Addressing the Risks
      2 min read

    • Article

      Not So Fast: 5G Hits Legal Hurdle

      Jun 4, 2023

      Not So Fast: 5G Hits Legal Hurdle
      4 min read

    • Article

      5G: What’s The Rush?

      Apr 26, 2020

      5G: What’s The Rush?
      5 min read

    • Article

      Strengthening EPA’s Rule to Prevent Chemical Disasters

      Sep 29, 2022

      Yesterday evening, I provided testimony to the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) at a public hearing on the proposed rule on the Risk Management Program (RMP). The RMP requires the roughly 12,000 facilities across the United States that use ex

      3 min read

    • Article

      The Truth About EMFS

      Oct 20, 2019

      The Truth About EMFS
      3 min read

    • Article

      Making A Corrosion Strategy

      Feb 25, 2018

      The degradation of private and public assets and infrastructure continues to have a major economic impact on industry and the wider community. In Australia, the yearly cost of asset maintenance is estimated to be approximately $32 billion, with $8 bi

      4 min read

    • Article

      Beryllium Exposure: Trump Administration Delays Protecting Workers from a Devastating Risk

      Mar 2, 2017

      Yesterday, President Trump’s Labor Department announced it would delay the effective date of a new standard to protect workers exposed to beryllium on the job, from March 21 to May 20. Part of the president’s regulatory freeze, the delay purports to

      2 min read

    • Article

      Building Up The Defense Line

      Dec 29, 2022

      ‘The Ninth Review Conference of the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) saw China’s in-depth participation and utmost effort to facilitate the adoption of its outcome document,” Foreign Ministry spokesperson Mao Ning said at a press conference in Bei

      4 min read

    • Article

      Sanitising By Ultraviolet Light Takes Root

      Mar 21, 2021

      USING advanced light technology to sanitise the air and public spaces of airborne viruses, including Sars-CoV-2, is being touted as a possible way to curb the spread of pandemics. While social distancing and sanitising your hands remain the main line

      1 min read

    • Article

      The Truth About EMFS

      Dec 11, 2019

      The Truth About EMFS
      3 min read

    • Article

      Celebrating Radiography’s Contribution To Healthcare

      Nov 8, 2020

      WORLD Radiography Day is celebrated annually on November 8 to highlight the profession’s vital contribution to modern healthcare. The date marks the anniversary of the discovery of X-radiation by Wilhelm Roentgen in 1895. This international day is or

      1 min read

    • Article

      EMFs

      Jul 9, 2019

      EMFs
      3 min read

    • Article

      Washington Readout

      Sep 1, 2021

      FCC Updates RF Safety Guidelines “We find it to be the duty of the licensee of an amateur station to prevent the station from transmitting from any place where the operation of the station could cause human exposure to levels of RF radiation that are

      15 min read

    • Article

      Action Stations

      Oct 2, 2021

      Action Stations
      1 min read

    • Article

      Bundles Of Energy

      Jun 4, 2023

      Bundles Of Energy
      9 min read

    • Article

      GUARDIAN Angel

      May 11, 2020

      GUARDIAN Angel
      5 min read

    • Article

      Technical Resources

      Dec 16, 2019

      Leading industry innovation and playing an important role in the creation of easy to understand Technical Advisory Procedures (TAPs) is the Australian Trucking Association’s Industry Technical Council. Bringing together operators, suppliers, engineer

      2 min read

    • Article

      ORR Praises Heritage Lines For Post-lockdown Restart

      Oct 2, 2020

      THE heritage railway sector has been praised by industry regulator the Office of Rail and Road (ORR) for its management of the reopening of its lines since the easing of the Covid-19 lockdown. However, the ORR said that some lines could do more in th

      1 min read

    • Article

      Guardian Angel

      Jun 11, 2020

      Guardian Angel
      5 min read

    • Article

      Building Immunity

      Dec 31, 2021

      Building Immunity
      3 min read

    • Article

      Virus,Vaccine And Viability

      Feb 8, 2021

      Virus,Vaccine And Viability
      6 min read

    Related categories

    Reviews for Development and Application of Level 1 Probabilistic Safety Assessment for Nuclear Power Plants

    0 ratings

    0 ratings0 reviews

    What did you think?

    Tap to rate

    Review must be at least 10 words

      Book preview

      Development and Application of Level 1 Probabilistic Safety Assessment for Nuclear Power Plants - IAEA

      1.png

      DEVELOPMENT AND

      APPLICATION OF

      LEVEL 1 PROBABILISTIC

      SAFETY ASSESSMENT FOR

      NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS

      IAEA SAFETY STANDARDS SERIES No. SSG-3 (Rev. 1)

      DEVELOPMENT AND

      APPLICATION OF

      LEVEL 1 PROBABILISTIC

      SAFETY ASSESSMENT FOR

      NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS

      SPECIFIC SAFETY GUIDE

      INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY

      VIENNA, 2024

      COPYRIGHT NOTICE

      All IAEA scientific and technical publications are protected by the terms of the Universal Copyright Convention as adopted in 1952 (Berne) and as revised in 1972 (Paris). The copyright has since been extended by the World Intellectual Property Organization (Geneva) to include electronic and virtual intellectual property. Permission to use whole or parts of texts contained in IAEA publications in printed or electronic form must be obtained and is usually subject to royalty agreements. Proposals for non-commercial reproductions and translations are welcomed and considered on a case-by-case basis. Enquiries should be addressed to the IAEA Publishing Section at:

      Marketing and Sales Unit, Publishing Section

      International Atomic Energy Agency

      Vienna International Centre

      PO Box 100

      1400 Vienna, Austria

      fax: +43 1 26007 22529

      tel.: +43 1 2600 22417

      email: [email protected]

      www.iaea.org/publications

      © IAEA, 2024

      Printed by the IAEA in Austria

      March 2024

      STI/PUB/2056

      https://doi.org/10.61092/iaea.3ezv-lp49

      IAEA Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

      Names: International Atomic Energy Agency.

      Title: Development and application of level 1 probabilistic safety assessment for nuclear power plants / International Atomic Energy Agency.

      Description: Vienna : International Atomic Energy Agency, 2024. | Series: IAEA safety standards series, ISSN 1020–525X ; no. SSG-3 (rev. 1) | Includes bibliographical references.

      Identifiers: IAEAL 24-01658 | ISBN 978-92-0-130623-4 (paperback : alk. paper) | ISBN 978-92-0-130723-1 (pdf) | ISBN 978-92-0-130823-8 (epub)

      Subjects: LCSH: Nuclear power plants — Safety measures. | Nuclear power plants — Risk assessment

      Classification: UDC 621.039.58 | STI/PUB/2056

      FOREWORD

      by Rafael Mariano Grossi

      Director General

      The IAEA’s Statute authorizes it to establish…standards of safety for protection of health and minimization of danger to life and property. These are standards that the IAEA must apply to its own operations, and that States can apply through their national regulations.

      The IAEA started its safety standards programme in 1958 and there have been many developments since. As Director General, I am committed to ensuring that the IAEA maintains and improves upon this integrated, comprehensive and consistent set of up to date, user friendly and fit for purpose safety standards of high quality. Their proper application in the use of nuclear science and technology should offer a high level of protection for people and the environment across the world and provide the confidence necessary to allow for the ongoing use of nuclear technology for the benefit of all.

      Safety is a national responsibility underpinned by a number of international conventions. The IAEA safety standards form a basis for these legal instruments and serve as a global reference to help parties meet their obligations. While safety standards are not legally binding on Member States, they are widely applied. They have become an indispensable reference point and a common denominator for the vast majority of Member States that have adopted these standards for use in national regulations to enhance safety in nuclear power generation, research reactors and fuel cycle facilities as well as in nuclear applications in medicine, industry, agriculture and research.

      The IAEA safety standards are based on the practical experience of its Member States and produced through international consensus. The involvement of the members of the Safety Standards Committees, the Nuclear Security Guidance Committee and the Commission on Safety Standards is particularly important, and I am grateful to all those who contribute their knowledge and expertise to this endeavour.

      The IAEA also uses these safety standards when it assists Member States through its review missions and advisory services. This helps Member States in the application of the standards and enables valuable experience and insight to be shared. Feedback from these missions and services, and lessons identified from events and experience in the use and application of the safety standards, are taken into account during their periodic revision.

      I believe the IAEA safety standards and their application make an invaluable contribution to ensuring a high level of safety in the use of nuclear technology. I encourage all Member States to promote and apply these standards, and to work with the IAEA to uphold their quality now and in the future.

      The authoritative versions of the publications are the hard copies issued and available as PDFs on www.iaea.org/publications.To create the versions for e-readers, certain changes have been made, including the movement of some figures and tables.

      THE IAEA SAFETY STANDARDS

      BACKGROUND

      Radioactivity is a natural phenomenon and natural sources of radiation are features of the environment. Radiation and radioactive substances have many beneficial applications, ranging from power generation to uses in medicine, industry and agriculture. The radiation risks to workers and the public and to the environment that may arise from these applications have to be assessed and, if necessary, controlled.

      Activities such as the medical uses of radiation, the operation of nuclear installations, the production, transport and use of radioactive material, and the management of radioactive waste must therefore be subject to standards of safety.

      Regulating safety is a national responsibility. However, radiation risks may transcend national borders, and international cooperation serves to promote and enhance safety globally by exchanging experience and by improving capabilities to control hazards, to prevent accidents, to respond to emergencies and to mitigate any harmful consequences.

      States have an obligation of diligence and duty of care, and are expected to fulfil their national and international undertakings and obligations.

      International safety standards provide support for States in meeting their obligations under general principles of international law, such as those relating to environmental protection. International safety standards also promote and assure confidence in safety and facilitate international commerce and trade.

      A global nuclear safety regime is in place and is being continuously improved. IAEA safety standards, which support the implementation of binding international instruments and national safety infrastructures, are a cornerstone of this global regime. The IAEA safety standards constitute a useful tool for contracting parties to assess their performance under these international conventions.

      THE IAEA SAFETY STANDARDS

      The status of the IAEA safety standards derives from the IAEA’s Statute, which authorizes the IAEA to establish or adopt, in consultation and, where appropriate, in collaboration with the competent organs of the United Nations and with the specialized agencies concerned, standards of safety for protection of health and minimization of danger to life and property, and to provide for their application.

      With a view to ensuring the protection of people and the environment from harmful effects of ionizing radiation, the IAEA safety standards establish fundamental safety principles, requirements and measures to control the radiation exposure of people and the release of radioactive material to the environment, to restrict the likelihood of events that might lead to a loss of control over a nuclear reactor core, nuclear chain reaction, radioactive source or any other source of radiation, and to mitigate the consequences of such events if they were to occur. The standards apply to facilities and activities that give rise to radiation risks, including nuclear installations, the use of radiation and radioactive sources, the transport of radioactive material and the management of radioactive waste.

      Safety measures and security measures¹ have in common the aim of protecting human life and health and the environment. Safety measures and security measures must be designed and implemented in an integrated manner so that security measures do not compromise safety and safety measures do not compromise security.

      The IAEA safety standards reflect an international consensus on what constitutes a high level of safety for protecting people and the environment from harmful effects of ionizing radiation. They are issued in the IAEA Safety Standards Series, which has three categories (see Fig. 1).

      Safety Fundamentals

      Safety Fundamentals present the fundamental safety objective and principles of protection and safety, and provide the basis for the safety requirements.

      Safety Requirements

      An integrated and consistent set of Safety Requirements establishes the requirements that must be met to ensure the protection of people and the environment, both now and in the future. The requirements are governed by the objective and principles of the Safety Fundamentals. If the requirements are not met, measures must be taken to reach or restore the required level of safety. The format and style of the requirements facilitate their use for the establishment, in a harmonized manner, of a national regulatory framework. Requirements, including numbered ‘overarching’ requirements, are expressed as ‘shall’ statements. Many requirements are not addressed to a specific party, the implication being that the appropriate parties are responsible for fulfilling them.

      Safety Guides

      Safety Guides provide recommendations and guidance on how to comply with the safety requirements, indicating an international consensus that it is necessary to take the measures recommended (or equivalent alternative measures). The Safety Guides present international good practices, and increasingly they reflect best practices, to help users striving to achieve high levels of safety. The recommendations provided in Safety Guides are expressed as ‘should’ statements.

      APPLICATION OF THE IAEA SAFETY STANDARDS

      The principal users of safety standards in IAEA Member States are regulatory bodies and other relevant national authorities. The IAEA safety standards are also used by co-sponsoring organizations and by many organizations that design, construct and operate nuclear facilities, as well as organizations involved in the use of radiation and radioactive sources.

      The IAEA safety standards are applicable, as relevant, throughout the entire lifetime of all facilities and activities — existing and new — utilized for peaceful purposes and to protective actions to reduce existing radiation risks. They can be used by States as a reference for their national regulations in respect of facilities and activities.

      The IAEA’s Statute makes the safety standards binding on the IAEA in relation to its own operations and also on States in relation to IAEA assisted operations.

      The IAEA safety standards also form the basis for the IAEA’s safety review services, and they are used by the IAEA in support of competence building, including the development of educational curricula and training courses.

      International conventions contain requirements similar to those in the IAEA safety standards and make them binding on contracting parties. The IAEA safety standards, supplemented by international conventions, industry standards and detailed national requirements, establish a consistent basis for protecting people and the environment. There will also be some special aspects of safety that need to be assessed at the national level. For example, many of the IAEA safety standards, in particular those addressing aspects of safety in planning or design, are intended to apply primarily to new facilities and activities. The requirements established in the IAEA safety standards might not be fully met at some existing facilities that were built to earlier standards. The way in which IAEA safety standards are to be applied to such facilities is a decision for individual States.

      The scientific considerations underlying the IAEA safety standards provide an objective basis for decisions concerning safety; however, decision makers must also make informed judgements and must determine how best to balance the benefits of an action or an activity against the associated radiation risks and any other detrimental impacts to which it gives rise.

      DEVELOPMENT PROCESS FOR THE IAEA SAFETY STANDARDS

      The preparation and review of the safety standards involves the IAEA Secretariat and five Safety Standards Committees, for emergency preparedness and response (EPReSC) (as of 2016), nuclear safety (NUSSC), radiation safety (RASSC), the safety of radioactive waste (WASSC) and the safe transport of radioactive material (TRANSSC), and a Commission on Safety Standards (CSS) which oversees the IAEA safety standards programme (see Fig. 2).

      All IAEA Member States may nominate experts for the Safety Standards Committees and may provide comments on draft standards. The membership of the Commission on Safety Standards is appointed by the Director General and includes senior governmental officials having responsibility for establishing national standards.

      A management system has been established for the processes of planning, developing, reviewing, revising and establishing the IAEA safety standards. It articulates the mandate of the IAEA, the vision for the future application of the safety standards, policies and strategies, and corresponding functions and responsibilities.

      INTERACTION WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

      The findings of the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) and the recommendations of international expert bodies, notably the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), are taken into account in developing the IAEA safety standards. Some safety standards are developed in cooperation with other bodies in the United Nations system or other specialized agencies, including the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the United Nations Environment Programme, the International Labour Organization, the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency, the Pan American Health Organization and the World Health Organization.

      INTERPRETATION OF THE TEXT

      Safety related terms are to be understood as defined in the IAEA Nuclear Safety and Security Glossary (see https://www.iaea.org/resources/publications/iaea-nuclear-safety-and-security-glossary). Otherwise, words are used with the spellings and meanings assigned to them in the latest edition of The Concise Oxford Dictionary. For Safety Guides, the English version of the text is the authoritative version.

      The background and context of each standard in the IAEA Safety Standards Series and its objective, scope and structure are explained in Section 1, Introduction, of each publication.

      Material for which there is no appropriate place in the body text (e.g. material that is subsidiary to or separate from the body text, is included in support of statements in the body text, or describes methods of calculation, procedures or limits and conditions) may be presented in appendices or annexes.

      An appendix, if included, is considered to form an integral part of the safety standard. Material in an appendix has the same status as the body text, and the IAEA assumes authorship of it. Annexes and footnotes to the main text, if included, are used to provide practical examples or additional information or explanation. Annexes and footnotes are not integral parts of the main text. Annex material published by the IAEA is not necessarily issued under its authorship; material under other authorship may be presented in annexes to the safety standards. Extraneous material presented in annexes is excerpted and adapted as necessary to be generally useful.

      ¹ See also publications issued in the IAEA Nuclear Security Series.

      The authoritative versions of the publications are the hard copies issued and available as PDFs on www.iaea.org/publications.To create the versions for e-readers, certain changes have been made, including the movement of some figures and tables.

      CONTENTS

      1. INTRODUCTION

      Background

      Objective

      Scope

      Structure

      2. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS RELATING TO THE PERFORMANCE AND USE OF PSA

      Scope of the PSA

      Validation and review of the PSA

      Living PSA

      Probabilistic safety goals or criteria

      Use of PSA in decision making

      3. PROJECT MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATION FOR PSA

      Definition of objectives and scope of the PSA project

      Project management for PSA

      Selection of methods and establishment of procedures

      Team selection and organization

      Establishing a quality assurance programme for PSA

      General aspects of PSA documentation

      4. FAMILIARIZATION WITH THE PLANT AND COLLECTION OF INFORMATION

      5. LEVEL 1 PSA FOR INTERNAL INITIATING EVENTS FOR POWER OPERATION

      General aspects of Level 1 PSA methodology

      Initiating event analysis

      Accident sequence analysis

      Systems analysis

      Analysis of dependent failures

      Analysis of common cause failures

      Human reliability analysis

      Other modelling issues

      Data for a Level 1 PSA

      Quantification of the analysis

      Importance analysis, sensitivity studies and uncertainty analysis

      6. GENERAL METHODOLOGY FOR LEVEL 1 PSA FOR INTERNAL HAZARDS AND EXTERNAL HAZARDS

      Introduction

      Analysis process

      Collection of initial information

      Identification of hazards

      Screening of single and combined hazards

      7. SPECIFIC ASPECTS OF LEVEL 1 PSA FOR INTERNAL HAZARDS

      Introduction

      Bounding assessment for Level 1 PSA for internal hazards

      Analysis of internal fire

      Parameterization of external hazards

      Analysis of internal flooding

      Analysis of other internal hazards

      8. SPECIFIC ASPECTS OF LEVEL 1 PSA FOR EXTERNAL HAZARDS

      Introduction

      Bounding assessment for Level 1 PSA for external hazards

      Detailed analysis of external hazards

      Frequency assessment for external hazards

      Fragility analysis for structures, systems and components

      Integration of external hazards in the Level 1 PSA model

      Documentation and presentation of results

      9. LEVEL 1 PSA FOR SHUTDOWN STATES

      General aspects of Level 1 PSA for shutdown states

      Specification of outage types and plant operational states

      Initiating events analysis

      Accident sequence analysis

      Systems analysis

      Analysis of dependent failures

      Human reliability analysis

      Data assessment

      Quantification of accident sequences

      Uncertainty analysis, importance analysis and sensitivity studies

      Documentation and presentation of results

      10. SPECIFIC ASPECTS OF LEVEL 1 PSA FOR THE SPENT FUEL POOL

      Undesired end states

      Plant operational states

      Initiating events

      Accident sequence analysis

      Human reliability analysis

      Quantification of the analysis

      Interpretation of the results

      11. LEVEL 1 MULTI-UNIT PSA

      Scope of multi-unit PSA

      Risk metrics for multi-unit PSA

      Plant operational states

      Initiating events analysis

      Systems analysis

      Human reliability analysis

      Common cause failure and hazard fragility correlations

      Quantification of the multi-unit PSA risk profile

      12. USE AND APPLICATIONS OF LEVEL 1 PSA

      General aspects of PSA applications

      Scope of Level 1 PSA applications

      Risk informed approach

      Use of PSA for design evaluation

      Use of PSA for optimization of inspections, testing and maintenance

      Risk informed classification of structures, systems and components

      Monitoring and managing risk configuration

      Risk based safety performance indicators

      PSA based event analysis (precursor analysis)

      Risk informed regulations

      Risk informed oversight and enforcement

      Use of PSA insights to develop or enhance emergency operating procedures

      Use of PSA insights for risk informed training of plant personnel

      Use of PSA to address emerging issues

      REFERENCES

      Annex I: EXAMPLE OF A GENERIC LIST OF EXTERNAL HAZARDS

      Annex II: EXAMPLES OF FIRE EVENT TREES AND SEISMIC EVENT TREES

      Annex III: SUPPORTING INFORMATION ON PSA FOR SHUTDOWN STATES

      CONTRIBUTORS TO DRAFTING AND REVIEW

      1. INTRODUCTION

      Background

      1.1. IAEA Safety Standards Series No. SF-1, Fundamental Safety Principles [1], establishes principles to ensure the protection of workers, the public and the environment, now and in the future, from harmful effects of ionizing radiation. These principles emphasize the need to assess and control the inherent risk. In particular, para. 3.22 of SF-1 [1] on optimization of protection states:

      To determine whether radiation risks are as low as reasonably achievable, all such risks, whether arising from normal operations or from abnormal or accident conditions, must be assessed (using a graded approach) a priori and periodically reassessed throughout the lifetime of facilities and activities.

      1.2. Several IAEA Safety Requirements publications establish more specific requirements on risk assessment for nuclear power plants. Requirement 42 of IAEA Safety Standards Series No. SSR-2/1 (Rev. 1), Safety of Nuclear Power Plants: Design [2], states:

      "A safety analysis of the design for the nuclear power plant shall be conducted in which methods of both deterministic analysis and probabilistic analysis shall be applied to enable the challenges to safety in the various categories of plant states to be evaluated and assessed."

      Furthermore, para. 5.76 of SSR-2/1 (Rev. 1) [2] states (footnote omitted):

      "The design shall take due account of the probabilistic safety analysis of the plant for all modes of operation and for all plant states, including shutdown, with particular reference to:

      (a) Establishing that a balanced design has been achieved such that no particular feature or postulated initiating event makes a disproportionately large or significantly uncertain contribution to the overall risks, and that, to the extent practicable, the levels of defence in depth are independent;

      (b) Providing assurance that situations in which small deviations in plant parameters could give rise to large variations in plant conditions (cliff edge effects) will be prevented;

      (c) Comparing the results of the analysis with the acceptance criteria for risk where these have been specified."

      Thus, probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) is considered to be an important tool for analysis to ensure the safety of a nuclear power plant in relation to potential initiating events that might be caused by random component failure or human error, as well as by internal and/or external hazards.

      1.3. Paragraph 4.13 of IAEA Safety Standards Series No. GSR Part 4 (Rev. 1), Safety Assessment for Facilities and Activities [3], states:

      The safety assessment shall include a safety analysis, which consists of a set of different quantitative analyses for evaluating and assessing challenges to safety by means of deterministic and also probabilistic methods.

      Paragraph 4.55 of GSR Part 4 (Rev. 1) [3] states:

      The objectives of a probabilistic safety analysis are to determine all significant contributing factors to the radiation risks arising from a facility or activity, and to evaluate the extent to which the overall design is well balanced and meets probabilistic safety criteria where these have been defined.

      Thus, a comprehensive PSA is required to investigate the safety of a nuclear power plant thoroughly.

      1.4. PSA has been shown to provide important safety insights in addition to those provided by deterministic analysis. PSA provides a methodological approach to identifying accident sequences that can follow from

      Enjoying the preview?
      Page 1 of 1