Life

12 pages, 618 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Clinical Significance of Neutralizing Antibodies in COVID-19: Implications for Disease Prognosis

by Sudem Mahmutoğlu Çolak, Tuba İlgar, İlkay Bahçeci, Esra Özkaya, Merve Hüner Yiğit, Hilal Durmuş, Feyza Atiş, Ayşe Ertürk and Zihni Acar Yazıcı

Life 2025, 15(3), 429; https://doi.org/10.3390/life15030429 (registering DOI) - 8 Mar 2025

Abstract

The pathogenesis of COVID-19 highlights a complex relationship between disease severity and neutralizing antibodies (NAbs). We aimed to investigate the relationships among the total NAb (tNAb) levels, the presence of potential neutralization antibodies (pNAbs), and the clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients. Patients aged [...] Read more.

The pathogenesis of COVID-19 highlights a complex relationship between disease severity and neutralizing antibodies (NAbs). We aimed to investigate the relationships among the total NAb (tNAb) levels, the presence of potential neutralization antibodies (pNAbs), and the clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients. Patients aged ≥18 years diagnosed between October 2021 and September 2022 were grouped by symptom severity. Blood samples were taken at two time points and data on demographics, epidemiology, and vaccination were recorded. The tNAbs and pNAbs were measured by an enhanced chemiluminescence assay and a surrogate virus neutralization test, respectively. The tNAbs of 68 and the pNAbs of 52 patients were analyzed. Twenty-six (38.2%) patients had severe infection. The 28-day mortality rate was 16.2% (n = 11). The tNAb levels in the control blood samples (CBSs) were significantly higher than those of the admission blood samples (ABSs) (p < 0.001). The statistical analysis showed no relationship between disease severity and pNAbs. Vaccinated patients had significantly higher tNAbs in the ABSs and CBSs (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). The presence of pNAbs in the ABSs was correlated with a lower 28-day mortality (p = 0.026) and a milder disease course (p = 0.041). Although these findings support a correlation between tNAbs and disease severity and mortality, their presence seems to be unrelated to favorable clinical outcomes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 Investigations: Characteristics, Clinical Course, Prevention, Treatment and Prognosis)

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18 pages, 1785 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Biostimulant Effects of Trichoderma asperellum in Hydroponic Spinach Production

by Jared Hernández-Huerta, Brenda I. Guerrero, Angélica Anahí Acevedo-Barrera, Martha Irma Balandrán-Valladares, Rosa María Yañez-Muñoz, Ndahita De Dios-Avila and Aldo Gutiérrez-Chávez

Life 2025, 15(3), 428; https://doi.org/10.3390/life15030428 (registering DOI) - 8 Mar 2025

Abstract

Using beneficial microorganisms as biostimulants is a promising strategy to enhance crop growth and productivity in hydroponic systems. Trichoderma asperellum has demonstrated plant growth-promoting effects in soil cultivation; however, its efficacy in hydroponic Deep-Water Culture (DWC) systems remains underexplored. This research evaluated the [...] Read more.

Using beneficial microorganisms as biostimulants is a promising strategy to enhance crop growth and productivity in hydroponic systems. Trichoderma asperellum has demonstrated plant growth-promoting effects in soil cultivation; however, its efficacy in hydroponic Deep-Water Culture (DWC) systems remains underexplored. This research evaluated the effect of T. asperellum strains TaMFP1 and TaMFP2 on the growth, nutrient uptake, and visual quality of hydroponically grown spinach cv. Stella Plus F-1 (Spinacia oleracea L.). A randomized complete design was used, comparing inoculated plants with a control and a commercial Trichoderma harzianum product. After 28 days, the results showed that T. asperellum significantly increased plant height (23.1%), collar diameter (21.8%), root length (39.6%), leaf area (22.0%), number of leaves (18.05), and fresh biomass accumulation (23.5%) compared to non-inoculated plants. Furthermore, inoculation with TaMFP1 improved spinach yield by 34.5%, while nutrient analysis indicated enhanced phosphorus and calcium uptake. No significant changes were observed in photosynthetic pigment concentrations, and the visual quality of the harvested spinach was unaffected. These findings highlight the potential of T. asperellum as a sustainable biostimulant in hydroponic spinach production. These results contribute to developing beneficial microorganism-based strategies to enhance the sustainability of hydroponic agriculture. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Strategies for Enchancing the Production in Plant)

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23 pages, 834 KiB

Open AccessReview

Perioperative Considerations of Novel Antidiabetic Agents in Heart Failure Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery

by Ashley Wang, Savannah Bitzas, Dilsa Perez, Jonathon Schwartz, Saleem Zaidi, Jonathan Oster and Sergio D. Bergese

Life 2025, 15(3), 427; https://doi.org/10.3390/life15030427 (registering DOI) - 8 Mar 2025

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, including heart failure (HF). A high proportion of DM patients eventually require cardiac surgery. While the traditional approach to DM therapy focuses on tight glucose control with insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents, [...] Read more.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, including heart failure (HF). A high proportion of DM patients eventually require cardiac surgery. While the traditional approach to DM therapy focuses on tight glucose control with insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents, novel antidiabetic drugs have emerged over the past two decades that offer not only improved glycemic control but also cardiovascular and renal protection, such as benefits in HF management. The aim of this review is to examine and evaluate the perioperative risk and benefits of novel antidiabetic agents in HF treatment for both DM and non-DM patients undergoing cardiac surgery. We specifically studied glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, and sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is). Although studies on novel antidiabetic therapy in cardiac surgeries were limited, the results showed all three agents to be safe for use in the perioperative period, with SLGT2i demonstrating the most benefits in HF management for those with or without DM and kidney impairment undergoing cardiac surgery. Future research on larger study populations and using a more rigorous study design is necessary in bridging current knowledge to improve patient outcomes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Heart Failure Research)

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24 pages, 21355 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Justification of Open Surgical Repair for an Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: A Retrospective Comparison of Outcomes of Endovascular Aneurysm Repair and a Brief Review of the Literature

by Ümit Arslan, Ziya Yıldız, İbrahim Pir and Çağrı Aykut

Life 2025, 15(3), 426; https://doi.org/10.3390/life15030426 (registering DOI) - 8 Mar 2025

Abstract

Background: Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are life-threatening conditions that require timely intervention to prevent rupture. Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) is preferred due to faster recovery and lower perioperative risk; however, intraoperative failure and long-term complications highlight the continued significance of open surgical repair [...] Read more.

Background: Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are life-threatening conditions that require timely intervention to prevent rupture. Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) is preferred due to faster recovery and lower perioperative risk; however, intraoperative failure and long-term complications highlight the continued significance of open surgical repair (OSR) and the need for improved risk assessment. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed data from 210 patients who underwent EVAR (n = 163) or OSR (n = 47) at a single center. Clinical characteristics, complications, reintervention rates, and 30-day mortality were recorded. EVAR-to-OSR conversion and mortality predictors in AAA treatments were identified. Results: The overall mortality rate was 9.5% (20/210 patients), with 12 patients (7.3%) in the EVAR group and 8 patients (17%) in the OSR group (p = 0.085). Five patients required early and six required late conversion to open surgery. In follow-ups beyond 30 days, the reintervention rate for EVAR was higher (HR: 1.2, 95% CI: 0.4–3.6; p = 0.754). According to the multivariable analysis, rupture (p = 0.045), female sex (p = 0.018), body weight (p = 0.003), and aortic size index (p = 0.019) were significant predictors of mortality, whereas OSR was not (p = 0.212). Conclusions: Treatment optimization requires a balanced approach, integrating both EVAR and OSR based on patient-specific factors. Maintaining expertise in both techniques is essential to ensure the best possible outcomes, and OSR should remain a viable option when clinically indicated. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Treatments for Cardiovascular Diseases)

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15 pages, 857 KiB

Open AccessReview

Hard-to-Treat Areas in Psoriasis: An Underevaluated Part of the Disease

by Adina-Mihaela Lupulescu, Alexandra Petruța Savu, Ştefana Bucur, Elena-Daniela Şerban, Sanda Popescu and Maria Magdalena Constantin

Life 2025, 15(3), 425; https://doi.org/10.3390/life15030425 - 7 Mar 2025

Abstract

Hard-to-treat areas in psoriasis vulgaris, i.e., the scalp, nails, genital area, palms, and soles, are less commonly diagnosed and treated. Our understanding of the complex etiopathogenesis and treatment of psoriasis vulgaris has advanced considerably in recent years. After performing an English literature search, [...] Read more.

Hard-to-treat areas in psoriasis vulgaris, i.e., the scalp, nails, genital area, palms, and soles, are less commonly diagnosed and treated. Our understanding of the complex etiopathogenesis and treatment of psoriasis vulgaris has advanced considerably in recent years. After performing an English literature search, the present article is a comprehensive review based on several relevant articles. The articles included met the following criteria: they mentioned the “hard-to-treat areas, special sites, difficult-to-treat areas” or the specific body location of psoriasis, and they reported the psoriasis prevalence and/or patients’ quality of life. Despite the extensive information about psoriasis, there are still many limitations and challenges regarding the appropriate approach to psoriasis in these special locations. But emerging directions such as precise severity scores, new biomarkers for disease monitoring, and treatment decisions or forthcoming therapies represent solutions to improve the lives of those affected. Although they affect a small area, the impact on the quality of everyday life is significant, causing physical and mental disability. In this review, we try to highlight the need for more information about hard-to-treat areas, including their prevalence, a more rapid diagnosis, and a correct classification based on their real severity and their specific treatment before a significant impact on patients’ quality of life occurs. By presenting these challenges, we hope to contribute to efforts at improving disease control. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Medical Research)

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25 pages, 1535 KiB

Open AccessReview

Traumatic Brain Injury and Artificial Intelligence: Shaping the Future of Neurorehabilitation—A Review

by Seun Orenuga, Philip Jordache, Daniel Mirzai, Tyler Monteros, Ernesto Gonzalez, Ahmed Madkoor, Rahim Hirani, Raj K. Tiwari and Mill Etienne

Life 2025, 15(3), 424; https://doi.org/10.3390/life15030424 - 7 Mar 2025

Abstract

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of disability and death globally, presenting significant challenges for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. As healthcare technology advances, artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a promising tool in enhancing TBI rehabilitation outcomes. This literature review explores [...] Read more.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of disability and death globally, presenting significant challenges for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. As healthcare technology advances, artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a promising tool in enhancing TBI rehabilitation outcomes. This literature review explores the current and potential applications of AI in TBI management, focusing on AI’s role in diagnostic tools, neuroimaging, prognostic modeling, and rehabilitation programs. AI-driven algorithms have demonstrated high accuracy in predicting mortality, functional outcomes, and personalized rehabilitation strategies based on patient data. AI models have been developed to predict in-hospital mortality of TBI patients up to an accuracy of 95.6%. Furthermore, AI enhances neuroimaging by detecting subtle abnormalities that may be missed by human radiologists, expediting diagnosis and treatment decisions. Despite these advances, ethical considerations, including biases in AI algorithms and data generalizability, pose challenges that must be addressed to optimize AI’s implementation in clinical settings. This review highlights key clinical trials and future research directions, emphasizing AI’s transformative potential in improving patient care, rehabilitation, and long-term outcomes for TBI patients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI))

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25 pages, 3878 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Metagenomic Characterization of Microbiome Taxa Associated with Coral Reef Communities in North Area of Tabuk Region, Saudia Arabia

by Madeha O. I. Ghobashy, Amenah S. Al-otaibi, Basmah M. Alharbi, Dikhnah Alshehri, Hanaa Ghabban, Doha A. Albalawi, Asma Massad Alenzi, Marfat Alatawy, Faud A. Alatawi, Abdelazeem M. Algammal, Rashid Mir and Yussri M. Mahrous

Life 2025, 15(3), 423; https://doi.org/10.3390/life15030423 - 7 Mar 2025

Abstract

The coral microbiome is highly related to the overall health and the survival and proliferation of coral reefs. The Red Sea’s unique physiochemical characteristics, such a significant north–south temperature and salinity gradient, make it a very intriguing research system. However, the Red Sea [...] Read more.

The coral microbiome is highly related to the overall health and the survival and proliferation of coral reefs. The Red Sea’s unique physiochemical characteristics, such a significant north–south temperature and salinity gradient, make it a very intriguing research system. However, the Red Sea is rather isolated, with a very diversified ecosystem rich in coral communities, and the makeup of the coral-associated microbiome remains little understood. Therefore, comprehending the makeup and dispersion of the endogenous microbiome associated with coral is crucial for understanding how the coral microbiome coexists and interacts, as well as its contribution to temperature tolerance and resistance against possible pathogens. Here, we investigate metagenomic sequencing targeting 16S rRNA using DNAs from the sediment samples to identify the coral microbiome and to understand the dynamics of microbial taxa and genes in the surface mucous layer (SML) microbiome of the coral communities in three distinct areas close to and far from coral communities in the Red Sea. These findings highlight the genomic array of the microbiome in three areas around and beneath the coral communities and revealed distinct bacterial communities in each group, where Pseudoalteromonas agarivorans (30%), Vibrio owensii (11%), and Pseudoalteromonas sp. Xi13 (10%) were the most predominant species in samples closer to coral (a coral-associated microbiome), with the domination of Pseudoalteromonas_agarivorans and Vibrio_owensii in Alshreah samples distant from coral, while Pseudoalteromonas_sp._Xi13 was more abundant in closer samples. Moreover, Proteobacteria such as Pseudoalteromonas, Pseudomonas and Cyanobacteria were the most prevalent phyla of the coral microbiome. Further, Saweehal showed the highest diversity far from corals (52.8%) and in Alshreah (7.35%) compared to Marwan (1.75%). The microbial community was less diversified in the samples from Alshreah Far (5.99%) and Marwan Far (1.75%), which had comparatively lower values for all indices. Also, Vibrio species were the most prevalent microorganisms in the coral mucus, and the prevalence of these bacteria is significantly higher than those found in the surrounding saltwater. These findings reveal that there is a notable difference in microbial diversity across the various settings and locales, revealing that geographic variables and coral closeness affect the diversity of microbial communities. There were significant differences in microbial community composition regarding the proximity to coral. In addition, there were strong positive correlations between genera Pseudoalteromonas and Vibrio in close-to-coral environments, suggesting that these bacteria may play a synergistic role in Immunizing coral, raising its tolerance towards environmental stress and overall coral health. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microbial Diversity and Function in Aquatic Environments)

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20 pages, 2726 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Acute Effects of 25- Versus 60-Minute Naps on Agility and Vertical Jump Performance in Elite Youth Soccer Players: The Role of Individual Chronotype

by Özgür Eken, Mertkan Öncü, Ahmet Kurtoğlu, Oguzhan Bozkurt, Musa Türkmen and Monira I. Aldhahi

Life 2025, 15(3), 422; https://doi.org/10.3390/life15030422 - 7 Mar 2025

Abstract

Introduction: While napping is recognized as an effective strategy for mitigating insufficient sleep and enhancing athletic recovery, limited research exists on its effects on football players’ anaerobic performance, particularly concerning chronotype variations. This study investigated the impact of strategic napping durations on anaerobic [...] Read more.

Introduction: While napping is recognized as an effective strategy for mitigating insufficient sleep and enhancing athletic recovery, limited research exists on its effects on football players’ anaerobic performance, particularly concerning chronotype variations. This study investigated the impact of strategic napping durations on anaerobic performance and agility in football players under the age of 19 (U19), considering individual chronotypes and psychological factors. Methods: Sixteen young football players (age: 17.18 ± 1.04 years) participated in this crossover randomized controlled study. Participants underwent three conditions: no nap (NoN), 25 min nap (N25), and 60 min nap (N60), with 48 h washout periods between sessions. Performance was assessed using the Countermovement Jump Test (CMJ), Illinois Agility Test, and Illinois Change-of-Direction Test with Ball. Chronotype assessment, sleep quality, and mood states were evaluated using the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Profile of Mood States Questionnaire, respectively. Results: The 60 min nap protocol demonstrated significant improvements in agility performance compared to other conditions, particularly in the Illinois Agility Test and Change-of-Direction Test with Ball. However, no significant differences were observed in CMJ parameters across napping conditions. Chronotype variations showed correlations with agility performance and psychological factors, with evening-type participants displaying different responses to napping interventions compared to morning-type participants. Conclusions: While a 60 min post-lunch nap did not affect anaerobic performance, it positively influenced agility performance in soccer players. Chronotypic differences significantly impacted both agility performance and associated psychological factors. These findings suggest that integrating napping strategies into athletic training programs, while considering individual chronotypic variations, may present opportunities for enhancing specific aspects of athletic performance. Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying physiological, psychological, and cognitive mechanisms of these effects. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sleep and Sleep Disorders in Sports and Advanced Physical Exercise: 2nd Edition)

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8 pages, 1007 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

A Case of a Neuroendocrine Tumor in a Liver Transplant Patient: Diagnostic and Management Difficulties

by Carmen Colaci, Caterina Mercuri, Alessandro Corea, Rocco Spagnuolo and Patrizia Doldo

Life 2025, 15(3), 421; https://doi.org/10.3390/life15030421 - 7 Mar 2025

Abstract

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) of the liver are a rare entity. NETs are often poorly recognized, with diagnostic difficulties and differential challenges between primary tumors of the liver and metastases from other organs, mainly from the gastrointestinal tract. Multidisciplinary and multi-technical diagnosis is mandatory [...] Read more.

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) of the liver are a rare entity. NETs are often poorly recognized, with diagnostic difficulties and differential challenges between primary tumors of the liver and metastases from other organs, mainly from the gastrointestinal tract. Multidisciplinary and multi-technical diagnosis is mandatory to properly treat these tumors. This case describes the complex history and the treatment course of a 68-year-old man with a history of NET onset after liver transplantation. Liver transplantation is the treatment of choice for patients with advanced liver disease or acute liver failure, but careful pre- and post-transplant patient monitoring is required. Liver transplant patients receive immunosuppressive therapy, and donor livers should be screened to exclude potential malignancies. This clinical case, in addition to emphasizing the diagnostic and therapeutic difficulty of hepatic NET, underlines the role of post-transplant immunosuppressive therapy and pre-transplant screening, which includes a thorough evaluation of donor and recipient history, physical examination, and laboratory tests. Moreover, post-transplant immunosuppressive therapy is essential to maintain the viability of the transplanted organ, but it is not free from potential risks, including an increased risk of cancer. Therefore, close monitoring of therapy is necessary to optimize long-term results and the patient’s quality of life. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gastrointestinal Health: Clinical Research and Therapeutic Innovations)

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13 pages, 697 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Enhancing Global Cognition and Executive Functions Through Water-Based Exercise in Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Randomized Controlled Trial

by Sutaya Meekum, Kornanong Yuenyongchaiwat, Nongnuch Luangpon, Piyapa Keawutan and Patcharee Kooncumchoo

Life 2025, 15(3), 420; https://doi.org/10.3390/life15030420 - 7 Mar 2025

Abstract

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a slight cognitive decline with the ability to perform normal activities in daily life and an increased risk of dementia. Land-based exercise enhances cognitive abilities, but combining cognitive and physical interventions offers greater benefits in MCI. Water-based exercise [...] Read more.

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a slight cognitive decline with the ability to perform normal activities in daily life and an increased risk of dementia. Land-based exercise enhances cognitive abilities, but combining cognitive and physical interventions offers greater benefits in MCI. Water-based exercise is a low-impact activity that minimizes joint strain and reduces injury risk. This study investigated the effects of water-based exercise with or without cognitive training on cognition in older adults with MCI. Thirty-seven participants aged 65 years or older with MCI were randomly assigned to two groups: water-based exercise (W; n = 18) and water-based exercise combined with cognitive training (W-COG; n = 19). Both groups performed 60 min water-based aerobic sessions 3 days per week for 12 weeks. Cognitive assessments were conducted at baseline and after 12 weeks. Post-intervention, 77.77% of the W group and 89% of the W-COG group had improved their cognitive ability. Both groups showed significant improvements in their global cognition (p < 0.001, p < 0.001) and visuospatial ability (p < 0.01 for W, p < 0.05 for W-COG), respectively. In addition, cognitive flexibility and shifting abilities improved only in the W-COG group (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that water-based exercise combined with cognitive training enhances cognitive functions more effectively than exercise alone in older adults with MCI. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Neurological Diseases: Prevention, Diagnostics, Treatment and Rehabilitation)

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6 pages, 171 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Editorial for the Special Issue “Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation: Trends and Applications”

by Karen Sui Geok Chua, Krisna Piravej, Jiunn-Horng Kang and Li-Wei Chou

Life 2025, 15(3), 419; https://doi.org/10.3390/life15030419 - 7 Mar 2025

Abstract

Physical medicine and rehabilitation blend scientific expertise with compassionate care to enhance quality of life and restore functionality for individuals with complex conditions [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation: Trends and Applications)

16 pages, 1709 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Anti-Inflammatory Effects and Human Skin Safety of the Eastern Traditional Herb Mosla japonica

by Hyun-Ju Han and Chang-Gu Hyun

Life 2025, 15(3), 418; https://doi.org/10.3390/life15030418 - 7 Mar 2025

Abstract

Traditional knowledge has long provided natural solutions for disease prevention and treatment, complementing modern medicine. Mosla japonica (Korean mint) has been traditionally valued for its pesticidal, dehumidifying, anti-swelling, and detoxifying properties. This study explores its anti-inflammatory potential using M. japonica extract (MJE) in [...] Read more.

Traditional knowledge has long provided natural solutions for disease prevention and treatment, complementing modern medicine. Mosla japonica (Korean mint) has been traditionally valued for its pesticidal, dehumidifying, anti-swelling, and detoxifying properties. This study explores its anti-inflammatory potential using M. japonica extract (MJE) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages and evaluates its safety for human skin applications. MJE significantly reduced inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂), and key cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) in a dose-dependent manner. It also suppressed the expression of iNOS and COX-2, enzymes crucial for inflammation. Mechanistically, MJE inhibited NF-κB activation by stabilizing IκBα, thereby reducing inflammation-related gene expression. Additionally, it downregulated ERK, JNK, and p38 in the MAPK signaling pathway, further contributing to its anti-inflammatory effects. A primary skin irritation test confirmed MJE’s safety, showing no significant skin reactions at 100 μg/mL. These findings highlight MJE’s strong anti-inflammatory properties and potential for dermatological applications. This study underscores the pharmacological value of M. japonica and its integration into modern scientific research, aligning with global biodiversity frameworks such as the Nagoya Protocol. Future research may further expand its applications in medicine and skincare. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Therapeutic Effects of Natural Products on Human Diseases: 2nd Edition)

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21 pages, 11403 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Antitumor Effects of Quercetin and Luteolin in A375 Cutaneous Melanoma Cell Line Are Mediated by Upregulation of P-ERK, c-Myc, and the Upstream GPER

by Shaymaa A. Hussein, Nidaa A. Ababneh, Noor Tarawneh, Mohammad A. Ismail, Abdalla Awidi and Shtaywy Abdalla

Life 2025, 15(3), 417; https://doi.org/10.3390/life15030417 - 7 Mar 2025

Abstract

Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is the most aggressive and fatal malignancy among other skin cancers and its incidence has risen steadily recently around the world. Hormone-related therapy, particularly estrogen (E2) has been used as a prospective strategy for CM treatment. Quercetin and luteolin are [...] Read more.

Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is the most aggressive and fatal malignancy among other skin cancers and its incidence has risen steadily recently around the world. Hormone-related therapy, particularly estrogen (E2) has been used as a prospective strategy for CM treatment. Quercetin and luteolin are flavonoids with antitumor effects against a wide range of cancers including CM. However, the underlying mechanism of their actions through GPER in CM is not fully understood. We examined the anti-tumor effects of quercetin and luteolin on the A375 CM cell line through activation of the G-protein coupled estrogen receptor (GPER). MTT assay was performed to assess the impact of flavonoids on cell viability. Apoptosis and cell cycle were studied by flow cytometry. Cell migration was evaluated by transwell assay. GPER expression and the effect of the flavonoids on the key signaling proteins were confirmed by immunofluorescence staining and Western blot, respectively. Results showed that quercetin and luteolin inhibited proliferation and migration, induced apoptosis, and blocked the cell cycle at S and G2/M in A375 cells. Immunofluorescence and immunoblotting data demonstrated the presence of GPER in this cell line and the two flavonoids enhanced its expression except at the high concentration of 100 µM. Quercetin and luteolin enhanced P-ERK and c-Myc expression, an effect abolished by the GPER antagonist G15, confirming GPER-mediated signaling. In conclusion, quercetin and luteolin exhibited anti-tumor effects on A375 melanoma cells via GPER activation, suggesting their potential as anti-melanoma therapeutics. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Implications of Bioactive Compounds in Lifelong Disorders)

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15 pages, 1120 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Effect of Peripheral Magnetic Stimulation on Functional Mobility and Morphology in Cerebral Palsy with Spastic Diplegia: A Randomized Controlled Trial

by Kultida Klarod, Oranat Sukkho, Sirirat Kiatkulanusorn, Phurichaya Werasirirat, Chananwan Wutthithanaphokhin, Danguole Satkunskienė, Siraya Lueang-On, Pornpimol Muanjai and Nongnuch Luangpon

Life 2025, 15(3), 416; https://doi.org/10.3390/life15030416 - 7 Mar 2025

Abstract

Peripheral magnetic stimulation (PMS) is commonly used for neurological conditions, but its effectiveness in enhancing functional mobility and morphology in children with spastic diplegia remains underexplored. This study assessed the impact of PMS with physical therapy (PT) versus PT alone on mobility and [...] Read more.

Peripheral magnetic stimulation (PMS) is commonly used for neurological conditions, but its effectiveness in enhancing functional mobility and morphology in children with spastic diplegia remains underexplored. This study assessed the impact of PMS with physical therapy (PT) versus PT alone on mobility and morphology in spastic diplegia. Forty-five children with spastic diplegia (mean age 12.7 ± 3.8 years) were randomly assigned to one of three intervention groups: PMS + PT, PT, or control, with fifteen children in each group. The training was conducted thrice weekly for eight weeks, included muscle morphology assessments, the 30 s sit-to-stand test (30sSTS), functional reach test (FRT), 10 m walk test (10MWT), and 6 min walk test (6MWT). The study revealed increased left quadricep and calf muscle thickness following PMS + PT (d = 0.19, 0.39, respectively; all p < 0.05). Improvement in 30sSTS was observed after both PMS + PT (d = 0.56) and PT (d = 1.43). FRT demonstrated increases following both PMS + PT and PT interventions (d = 1.52, 0.93, respectively). Furthermore, improvements were observed in 10MWT following PMS + PT and PT interventions (d = 1.20, 0.78), while PT increased the 6MWT (d = 0.82). The control group showed declines in 10MWT and 6MWT. The treatment significantly impacted FRT, 10MWT, and 6MWT in spastic diplegia. While PMS may not enhance physical capacities beyond PT alone, it may improve FRT and 10MWT outcomes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Medical Research)

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12 pages, 245 KiB

Open AccessReview

Technical Modifications Employed in RARP to Improve Early Continence Recovery: A Literature Review

by Ernesto Di Mauro, Roberto La Rocca, Francesco Di Bello, Ugo Amicuzi, Pasquale Reccia, Luigi De Luca, Francesco Paolo Calace, Michelangelo Olivetta, Gennaro Mattiello, Pietro Saldutto, Pierluigi Russo, Lorenzo Romano, Lorenzo Spirito, Carmine Sciorio, Biagio Barone, Felice Crocetto, Francesco Mastrangelo, Giuseppe Celentano, Antonio Tufano, Luigi Napolitano and Vincenzo Maria Altieri Show full author list Hide full author list

Life 2025, 15(3), 415; https://doi.org/10.3390/life15030415 - 7 Mar 2025

Abstract

Prostate cancer presents a substantial challenge, necessitating a delicate balance between effective treatment and preserving the overall quality of life for men, while robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) stands as the premier surgical approach, with a negligible rate of patients who remained incontinent. This [...] Read more.

Prostate cancer presents a substantial challenge, necessitating a delicate balance between effective treatment and preserving the overall quality of life for men, while robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) stands as the premier surgical approach, with a negligible rate of patients who remained incontinent. This review explores various technical modifications employed in RARP to improve early continence recovery, offering a summary of their implementation and potential benefits. Techniques like bladder neck preservation, subapical urethral dissection, and nerve-sparing approaches are critically discussed, highlighting their role in minimizing continence issues and ensuring a better post-operative experience for patients with prostate cancer. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prostate Cancer: 3rd Edition)

10 pages, 6393 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Introducing the Pearl-String Technique: A New Concept in the Treatment of Large Bone Defects

by Christian Fischer, Steffen Langwald, Friederike Klauke, Philipp Kobbe, Thomas Mendel and Marc Hückstädt

Life 2025, 15(3), 414; https://doi.org/10.3390/life15030414 - 7 Mar 2025

Abstract

The reconstruction of long bone defects after the primary traumatic, secondary infectious, or tumor-related loss of substance continues to represent a surgical challenge. Distraction osteogenesis using segmental transport, vascularized bone transfer, and the induced membrane technique (IMT) are established methods of reconstruction. IMT [...] Read more.

The reconstruction of long bone defects after the primary traumatic, secondary infectious, or tumor-related loss of substance continues to represent a surgical challenge. Distraction osteogenesis using segmental transport, vascularized bone transfer, and the induced membrane technique (IMT) are established methods of reconstruction. IMT has become increasingly popular in recent decades due to its practicability, reproducibility, and reliability. At the same time, the original technique has undergone numerous modifications. The results are correspondingly heterogeneous. This article is intended to provide an overview of the current principles and modifications of IMT, outline the causes of failure of the IMT, and introduce the pearl-string technique (PST). The PST developed in our hospital is based on the pearl-string-like arrangement of thermodisinfected, decorticated femoral heads (TDFHs) in combination with a mechanically stable osteosynthetic construct. The TDFHs are biologically activated with either an RIA or autologous iliac crest bone graft. To gain a better understanding of these variations, the surgical technique of both procedures is illustrated step-by-step in this article. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Reconstruction of Bone Defects)

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20 pages, 1087 KiB

Open AccessReview

Proteasomes and Ubiquitin C-Terminal Hydrolase L1 as Biomarkers of Tissue Damage and Inflammatory Response to Different Types of Injury—A Short Review

by Marzena Tylicka, Ewa Matuszczak, Joanna Kamińska, Beata Modzelewska and Olga Martyna Koper-Lenkiewicz

Life 2025, 15(3), 413; https://doi.org/10.3390/life15030413 - 6 Mar 2025

Abstract

The proteasomal system of protein degradation is crucial for various cellular processes, including transduction of signals and differentiation of cells. Proteasome activity rises after various traumatic stressors such as hyperoxia, radiation, or oxidative damage. Removal of damaged proteins is essential to provide the [...] Read more.

The proteasomal system of protein degradation is crucial for various cellular processes, including transduction of signals and differentiation of cells. Proteasome activity rises after various traumatic stressors such as hyperoxia, radiation, or oxidative damage. Removal of damaged proteins is essential to provide the necessary conditions for cell repair. Several studies report the activation of the proteasomal degradation system after thermal injury, CNS injury, abdominal trauma, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and possible clinical implications of the use of proteasome inhibitors. It is important to highlight the distinct and crucial roles of UCHL1, 26S, and 20S proteasome subunits as biomarkers. UCHL1 appears to be particularly relevant for identifying brain and neuronal damage and in advancing the diagnosis and prognosis of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and other neurological conditions. Meanwhile, the 26S and 20S proteasomes may serve as markers for peripheral tissue damage. This differentiation enhances our understanding and ability to target specific types of tissue damage in clinical settings. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Common and Novel Markers of Inflammation and Tissue Damage in Various Pathological Conditions)

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17 pages, 1353 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Stay Active, Stay Healthy: A Cross-Sectional View of the Impact of Physical Activity Levels on Health Parameters of Older Adults Institutionalized in Nursing Homes of Barcelona

by Sergi Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Guillermo R. Oviedo, Carlos López-de-Celis, Joan Bosch-Sabater, Esther Jovell-Fernández, Albert Pérez-Bellmunt, Leonor Cuadra-Llopart and Jacobo Rodríguez-Sanz

Life 2025, 15(3), 412; https://doi.org/10.3390/life15030412 - 6 Mar 2025

Abstract

(1) Background: Institutionalized older adults represent a vulnerable population. It is important to understand that higher levels of physical activity in older adults are associated with less risk of cardiovascular diseases, better cognition, and lower inflammaging and sarcopenia levels. The main objective was [...] Read more.

(1) Background: Institutionalized older adults represent a vulnerable population. It is important to understand that higher levels of physical activity in older adults are associated with less risk of cardiovascular diseases, better cognition, and lower inflammaging and sarcopenia levels. The main objective was to evaluate the differences in health parameters in institutionalized older adults who perform different levels of weekly physical activity. The secondary objective was to analyze if weekly physical activity levels are a predictor of health parameters. (2) Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in nursing homes with adults over 75 years of age. A total of 76 participants was divided into three groups based on their weekly physical exercise frequency (1 day/week, 2 days/week, and 3 days/week). We measured demographic and anthropometric variables, along with cognitive level through the Mini Exam of Lobo. Handgrip strength, leg muscle strength, and power were also evaluated, and C-reactive protein levels were assessed through blood tests. Physical performance was measured using the Short Physical Performance Battery and walking speed. (3) Results: Significant differences were found in body mass index (p < 0.01; ES = 0.96), muscular strength (p < 0.01; ES = 0.70), and power (p < 0.01; ES = 1.09), Short Physical Performance Battery (p < 0.01; ES = 1.46) and walking speed (p < 0.01; ES = 0.87), cognitive function (p < 0.01; ES = 1.21), and C-reactive protein levels (p < 0.01; ES = 1.73), favoring the group who performed 3 days/week of physical activity. (4) Conclusions: Institutionalized older adults with three days per week of physical activity have greater physical and muscle function and less cognitive decline. Three days of weekly physical activity is associated with systemic inflammation and better cognitive status in institutionalized older adults. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Paper in Physiology and Pathology: 2nd Edition)

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13 pages, 530 KiB

Open AccessReview

Optimizing Conservative Management of Groin Pain in Athletes: Insights from a Narrative Review

by Roberto Tedeschi, Federica Giorgi, Daniela Platano, Lisa Berti and Danilo Donati

Life 2025, 15(3), 411; https://doi.org/10.3390/life15030411 - 6 Mar 2025

Abstract

Background: Groin pain is a complex and multifactorial condition commonly observed in athletes, often impairing performance and quality of life. While conservative treatments are the first-line approach, the variability in intervention protocols and inconsistent evidence necessitate a comprehensive synthesis of current knowledge. Methods: [...] Read more.

Background: Groin pain is a complex and multifactorial condition commonly observed in athletes, often impairing performance and quality of life. While conservative treatments are the first-line approach, the variability in intervention protocols and inconsistent evidence necessitate a comprehensive synthesis of current knowledge. Methods: This narrative review analyzed the available literature on conservative management of groin pain in athletes. A systematic search was conducted across the MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL, Scopus, PEDro, and Web of Science databases. Studies focusing on pain reduction, functional recovery, return-to-sport outcomes, and prevention strategies were included. Findings were synthesized to evaluate the efficacy of conservative interventions and identify gaps in the evidence. Results: Conservative treatments, particularly active rehabilitation and multimodal therapy, demonstrated significant efficacy in reducing pain (50–80%) and improving function, as measured by tools such as the HAGOS score. Return-to-sport rates ranged from 70% to 90%, depending on intervention type and adherence. Screening tools, including the adductor squeeze test, were effective in predicting and preventing groin injuries. However, variability in methodologies, small sample sizes, and a lack of long-term follow-up limited the generalizability of the findings. Conclusions: Conservative management remains a cornerstone for treating groin pain in athletes, offering effective outcomes for pain reduction, functional recovery, and injury prevention. However, standardized protocols and high-quality research are needed to enhance clinical guidance and optimize patient outcomes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Physiology and Pathology)

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