The genetic disorder Fragile X syndrome, which results from mutations in a gene on the X chromosome, is the most commonly inherited form of developmental and intellectual disability.
NICHD supports and conducts research on the diagnosis, treatment, management, prevention, and inheritance of Fragile X and its associated conditions, Fragile X-Associated Primary Ovarian Insufficiency (FXPOI) and Fragile X-Associated Tremor/Ataxia Syndrome (FXTAS). All three conditions result from changes in the same gene on the X chromosome.
General Information
About Fragile X Syndrome
Fragile X syndrome is a genetic disorder that affects a person’s development, especially that person’s behavior and ability to learn.
How is a change in the FMR1 gene related to Fragile X & associated disorders?
The mutation in the FMR1 gene affects the condition and amount of a certain protein. If the body makes too little or no protein, or if the protein is incomplete, symptoms of Fragile X may occur.
What causes Fragile X syndrome?
Fragile X results from a change or mutation in the Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein 1 (FMR1) gene, which is on the X chromosome.
What are the symptoms of Fragile X syndrome?
People with Fragile X have some symptoms in common, including intellectual problems, physical features unique to this syndrome, behavioral challenges, speech and language problems, and sensory issues.
How do healthcare providers diagnose Fragile X syndrome?
Healthcare providers often use a blood sample to diagnose Fragile X. They will take a sample of blood and will send it to a laboratory, which will determine what form of the FMR1 gene is present.
What are the treatments for Fragile X syndrome?
Individuals with Fragile X who receive appropriate education, therapy services, and medications have the best chance of using all of their individual capabilities and skills.
Educational Treatments
Most children with Fragile X can benefit from special education services that are tailored to their particular strengths and challenges.
Therapy Treatments
Those with Fragile X might benefit from services provided by different specialists, including speech-language therapists, occupational therapists, physical therapists, and behavioral therapists.
Medication Treatments
The Food and Drug Administration has not approved any drugs for the treatment of Fragile X or its symptoms. But in many cases, medications are used to treat certain symptoms of Fragile X syndrome.
Research
NICHD Fragile X Syndrome Research Information
NICHD conducts and supports research on Fragile X syndrome and on many disorders associated with Fragile X syndrome.
Find a Study
Find a Study on Fragile X Syndrome
NICHD conducts and supports a variety of clinical research projects related to Fragile X syndrome.
More Information
Other Fragile X Syndrome FAQs
Find answers to other common questions about Fragile X syndrome, such as conditions associated with Fragile X syndrome, how it is inherited, and how the genetic mutation occurs.
Fragile X Syndrome Resources
Links to websites of groups that study or provide information about Fragile X syndrome.
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