Large vertical displays (LVDs) are starting to appear in different realities. There are many exhibition and fairs that are starting to employ LVDs to show information and commercials, dynamically and interactively thanks also to the LVDs' touch capabilities. LVDs are becoming more relevant also in the workplaces since they allow to host virtually remote participants and show much information at the same time. Schools and Universities began to test LVD capabilities to support professors in a lecture by allowing them to show documents, videos and take notes, all at the same time. LVDs potentialities are in their very wide resolution which is capable of hosting much information at the same time and in the fact that they are connected to a computer, which means instant internet access, where a tremendous quantity of information is immediately usable. However, this huge resolution is not easy to exploit. Too much information might be confusing and the user might also not benefit from a simple piece of information presented in an inefficient way. Fortunately there are some research that studied how to present information on LVDs. Another important LVDs topic is user interaction with these kind of devices. There are two main approaches to do this: through mouse and keyboard or using touch capabilities. Both approaches have pros and cons and their preference should depend on the used application. Actually, in the beginning touch detection systems suffered from being imprecise and unreliable. However with the introduction of the possibility to interact with LVDs through a suitable and more reliable multitouch input system, a new frontier of interaction between human and machine --- or human-computer interaction --- was born, and the same was valid for the interaction with LVDs. Consequently new possibilities and challenges were revealed. During recent years, many studies were conducted on the combination of LVDs and multitouch systems related to their usage in science, visualization, schools and in the workplace, and to provide directives on how they should be employed. However, there are still many questions and open problems that are preventing LVDs to enter in many realities where they may improve many tasks. One of these question is that there is no precise methodology to create an interface of such a resolution. Another question is that it is not clear yet which is the most efficient way to interact with LVDs. Eventually there is still a lot of research to do in the direction of how humans interact with these large devices either alone, in pairs or in a group. There are several interesting studies about these open questions, but they are only starting points, as also stated within their conclusions. This thesis gives a contribution to the human-computer interaction literature by studying the problem of a collaborative-competitive task using an LVD with multitouch capabilities. We conduct a user study comparing the behavior and the results of groups of users performing the same task using a traditional approach and then using an application for an LVD. We want to understand how people interact with the display and with one another as a group when each user has a personal goal in addition to a shared one. Furthermore, we want also understand if technology can help reduce the frustration of a collaborative-competitive task compared to the traditional approach. At the same time we provide suggestions on how a scalable user interface for simple application can be implemented using a library to implement scalable vector graphics, or SVG.
I large vertical displays (LVD) stanno cominciando ad apparire in realtà differenti. Molte fiere ed esibizioni stanno cominciando a impiegare LVD per mostrare informazioni e pubblicità in modo dinamico e interattivo, quest'ultimo grazie anche a pannelli touch di cui gli LVD sono dotati. I LVD stanno diventando rilevanti anche in alcuni ambienti lavorativi grazie alla loro capacità di ospitare virtualmente partecipanti remoti e mostrare molte informazioni allo stesso tempo. Anche alcune scuole e Università stanno cominciando a testare le capacità degli LVD per supportare professori durante l'erogazione di una lezione permettendo loro di mostrare documenti, video e scrivere note, tutto allo stesso tempo. Le potenzialità degli LVD risiedono nella loro risoluzione larghissima la quale è capace di mostrare molte informazioni allo stesso tempo e nel fatto che essi sono sempre connessi a un computer, che consente un accesso istantaneo a internet, dove un enorme quantitativo di informazioni è subito utilizzabile. Però questa enorme risoluzione non è semplice da utilizzare. Troppe informazioni contemporaneamente potrebbero confondere l'utente, oppure l'utente potrebbe non essere in grado di beneficiare efficientemente di una singola informazione a tutto schermo mal presentata. Fortunatamente ci sono alcuni studi che ricercano come presentare informazioni in maniera efficiente su LVD. Un altro aspetto importante relativo ai LVD è l'interazione tra utente e questo tipo di dispositivo. Ci sono due approcci principali per fare questo: attraverso un mouse e una tastiera, o utilizzando un touch overlay montato sul LVD. Entrambi gli approcci hanno pro e contro, e la loro preferenza dovrebbe dipendere dall'applicazione utilizzata. In realtà, inizialmente i dispositivi di rilevamento di tocco soffrivano l'essere imprecisi e inaffidabili. Con l'introduzione di sistemi touch e multitouch più affidabili, una nuova frontiera di interazione tra uomo e macchina --- o di human-computer interaction --- è nata, e lo stesso è valso per l'interazione con LVD. Conseguentemente nuove possibilità e sfide si sono rivelate. Durante gli anni recenti, sono stati condotti molti studi sulla combinazione di LVD e sistemi multitouch a riguardo del loro utilizzo nella scienza, nella visualizzazione, nelle scuole e nei posti di lavoro, e relativamente alla creazione di direttive su come essi dovrebbero essere impiegati. Oggigiorno, ci sono ancora molte domande e problemi aperti che impediscono si LVD di di far parte di molte realtà in cui potrebbero migliorare lo svolgimento di alcune funzioni. Una di queste domande è relativa all'assenza di una metodologia precisa per la creazione di un interfaccia di dimensioni così estese. Un'altra domanda è relativa alla comprensione di quale sia il dispositivo più efficiente per interagire con un LVD. Infine, c'è ancora molta ricerca da fare nella direzione di come gli umani interagiscono con questi larghi dispositivi sia da soli, che in coppie, che in gruppo. Ci sono diversi studi interessanti riguardo a queste domande aperte, ma questi sono solo un punto di inizio, come spesso viene dichiarato nelle loro conclusioni. Questa tesi vuole dare un contributo alla letteratura del human-computer interaction studiando il problema di un task competitivo-collaborativo utilizzando un LVD dotato di multitouch. Prenderemo in esame il problema della schedulazione delle presentazioni di articoli scientifici in una conferenza. Condurremo uno user study comparando il comportamento e i risultati di gruppi di utenti che eseguono questo task utilizzando un approccio tradizionale e poi utilizzando un'applicazione (da noi sviluppata) per LVD. Vogliamo capire come le persone interagiscono con il display e tra di loro, come gruppo, quando ogni persona ha un obiettivo personale oltre a uno condiviso. Inoltre, vogliamo capire se questa tecnologia rispetto all'approccio tradizionale può aiutare a diminuire la frustrazione che nasce dalla risoluzione di un task collaborativo-competitivo. Al contempo forniremo suggerimenti su come realizzare un interfaccia utente scalabile per applicazioni semplici utilizzando una librearia che implementa scalable vector graphics, o SVG.
Large multi-touch vertical displays in multi-user competitive environments
TANTILLO, DAVIDE
2015/2016
Abstract
Large vertical displays (LVDs) are starting to appear in different realities. There are many exhibition and fairs that are starting to employ LVDs to show information and commercials, dynamically and interactively thanks also to the LVDs' touch capabilities. LVDs are becoming more relevant also in the workplaces since they allow to host virtually remote participants and show much information at the same time. Schools and Universities began to test LVD capabilities to support professors in a lecture by allowing them to show documents, videos and take notes, all at the same time. LVDs potentialities are in their very wide resolution which is capable of hosting much information at the same time and in the fact that they are connected to a computer, which means instant internet access, where a tremendous quantity of information is immediately usable. However, this huge resolution is not easy to exploit. Too much information might be confusing and the user might also not benefit from a simple piece of information presented in an inefficient way. Fortunately there are some research that studied how to present information on LVDs. Another important LVDs topic is user interaction with these kind of devices. There are two main approaches to do this: through mouse and keyboard or using touch capabilities. Both approaches have pros and cons and their preference should depend on the used application. Actually, in the beginning touch detection systems suffered from being imprecise and unreliable. However with the introduction of the possibility to interact with LVDs through a suitable and more reliable multitouch input system, a new frontier of interaction between human and machine --- or human-computer interaction --- was born, and the same was valid for the interaction with LVDs. Consequently new possibilities and challenges were revealed. During recent years, many studies were conducted on the combination of LVDs and multitouch systems related to their usage in science, visualization, schools and in the workplace, and to provide directives on how they should be employed. However, there are still many questions and open problems that are preventing LVDs to enter in many realities where they may improve many tasks. One of these question is that there is no precise methodology to create an interface of such a resolution. Another question is that it is not clear yet which is the most efficient way to interact with LVDs. Eventually there is still a lot of research to do in the direction of how humans interact with these large devices either alone, in pairs or in a group. There are several interesting studies about these open questions, but they are only starting points, as also stated within their conclusions. This thesis gives a contribution to the human-computer interaction literature by studying the problem of a collaborative-competitive task using an LVD with multitouch capabilities. We conduct a user study comparing the behavior and the results of groups of users performing the same task using a traditional approach and then using an application for an LVD. We want to understand how people interact with the display and with one another as a group when each user has a personal goal in addition to a shared one. Furthermore, we want also understand if technology can help reduce the frustration of a collaborative-competitive task compared to the traditional approach. At the same time we provide suggestions on how a scalable user interface for simple application can be implemented using a library to implement scalable vector graphics, or SVG.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/126130