Pakistan School and College - Salmiya - Kuwait

Computer Science for Class XII Programming using C

Solved Exercises/Programs
Raed Bin Shahid

2013

Raed Bin Shahid

Computer Science for Class XII - Programming using C

2013

Table of Contents
Introdcution ............................................................................................................................................ 2 Downloading and setting up the compiler ............................................................................................. 2 Downloading and setting up the text editor........................................................................................... 6 Chapter 1 Introduction to C language (How to use the MinGW/GCC compiler with the Notepad++ text editor) .............................................................................................................................................. 7 Chapter 3 Loops ................................................................................................................................... 8 Chapter 4 Choices and Decisions ....................................................................................................... 12 Chapter 5 Arrays and Strings.............................................................................................................. 17 Chapter 6 Functions ........................................................................................................................... 24 Chapter 7 File Management .............................................................................................................. 29

Raed Bin Shahid

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Computer Science for Class XII - Programming using C Introdcution

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I am an ex-student of Pakistan School and College - Salmiya Kuwait. As I was helping some current students of the school with the C programming exercises, I thought if the work can be compiled into an e-book then everyone else would be able to benefit from it too. Downloading and setting up the compiler and text editor will be explained in here including how to use it and then the solution for the exercises will be given. I thought explaining how to setup the compiler was necessary because schools here are still using the Borland Turbo C++ compiler/IDE (Integrated Development Environment) which is a bit out of date and does not work properly with the new Windows OSs. For this reason I am going to explain how to setup a popular compiler called MinGW (Minimalist GNU for Windows) which is a Windows port of GNU GCC (GNU Compiler Collection) with a very good and useful text editor for programming called Notepad++. I have strictly used the style and method of the programs written in here similar to those in the textbook as this will be easier for the students to understand the programs if they have gone through the textbook thoroughly. And pardon me if you find any mistakes in here. I have tried my best to keep this e-book error free.

Downloading and setting up the compiler

First of all we will have to download the MinGW compiler, and it can be downloaded from here: http://sourceforge.net/projects/mingw/files/

The page will come up with contents which are something like in the image above. Click the link on link at the top (Download mingw-get-inst-20120426.exe (662.7 kB) or something similar as the versions change) to download the compiler. Install the compiler after it has been downloaded. I dont think I need to explain how to install the compiler as I hope you people should already know that, but I would give some suggestions about it. When it asks you about Repository Catalogues select Use pre-packaged repository catalogues, if you have a slow internet connection and dont want to download the latest repository catalogues. Else select Download repository catalogues to download up to date files. Raed Bin Shahid Page 2

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When it asks to Select Destination Location leave it as default which will be the root of a directory, C:\MinGW in my case. After that when it asks to Select Components, select C Compiler only as thats the only compiler we need.

After the installation is finished we need to add MinGWs executable files to the system path else we will have a hard time trying to compile the programs. I will break it down into steps and then give Raed Bin Shahid Page 3

Computer Science for Class XII - Programming using C

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screenshots of the process too. These instructions are for Windows 7 and 8 but they should probably be the same for the earlier versions of Windows. 1. Right click the My Computer icon or go to My Computer and then right click on an empty space and click on Properties. 2. Go to Advanced system settings which should be on the top left. 3. Click on the Environment Variables button in the Advanced tab. 4. In the System variables find the Variable called Path and then double click on it. Or just click on it once and then click on the Edit button. 5. Add a semicolon (;) at the end of the Variable value in the text field if its already not there. Then add the path to the bin folder which is present is the MinGW installation folder, C:\MinGW\bin in my case.

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Computer Science for Class XII - Programming using C

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Computer Science for Class XII - Programming using C

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The Path system variable specifies a bunch of directories in Windows. Where if you include one and you are in the Command Prompt and you type a name of a program, it will search these directories for that name of the program. The semicolon separates multiple directory paths. Now we will be using the gcc.exe executable to compile our C programs which is present in the bin folder of the MinGW installation folder through the Command Prompt to compile the programs. For this reason we have to add the path location of the bin folder to the system variable path to easily use the gcc.exe all the time by just typing gcc instead of the whole path of file location again and again. Now we will check if the gcc.exe can be run from the Command Prompt. Go to Run (Windows Logo+R is the shortcut to Run) and then type cmd in the text field and click ok. The Command Prompt will open, now type gcc over there and press enter. If you get something like this, then you followed the steps correctly and the C compiler is ready to compile C programs.

Else if you get 'gcc' is not recognized as an internal or external command, operable program or batch file. Then you made a mistake while setting up the path and should follow the instruction above and try it again.

Downloading and setting up the text editor

You can use the default text editor of Windows (Notepad) to type in the programs. But I recommend you use Notepad++ because it helps a lot while programming. Such as keeping track of open and close braces and every element is distinct as they have different colors. I will not go much in depth about downloading and installing Notepad++ as the procedure is similar to the one that has been explained above. Notepad++ can be downloaded from the following link. http://sourceforge.net/projects/notepad-plus/files/ Install it the same way as showed before. No important changes have to be made during the installation. In the next chapter how to use the compiler and text editor will be shown. Raed Bin Shahid Page 6

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Chapter 1 Introduction to C language (How to use the MinGW/GCC compiler with the Notepad++ text editor)
There is only one program in the first chapter. The answer of it is same as the program in the in the textbook under 1.3 Basic structure of a program on page 7 which prints I Love Pakistan. I am just going to use this simple program to demonstrate how to use the MinGW compiler and the Notepad++ text editor. Q 6. Write a program that will print the message I Love Computers And compile and run it on the computer. Answer: #include <stdio.h> void main(void) { printf("I Love Computers"); } Open the Notepad++ and save new file with any name as C source file.

Now type the C program in the file and then save it.

Now go to the Command Prompt and to the directory where the C source file is saved and then compile the C source file with the gcc.exe application located in the bin folder of the MinGW installation folder which we added in the system path before. The C source file can be compiled with the following syntax. gcc ilc.c o ilc.exe gcc is the MinGW C compiler which we are calling to compile the C source file. ilc.c is the C source file which is to be compiled. o is the output file flag switch which tells the compiler that the next argument will be the name of the output file. Ilc.exe is the name of the output executable file created from the C source code by the C compiler.

Sometimes it will give a warning while compiling some programs in the text book and not compile the program. You can use the w swtich while compiling to bypass the warning.

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Now compile the C source file with the syntax given above in the Command Prompt and then execute the output file. If the source file has any errors the program will not compile and the debugger will tell what is the error and in which line is it, So that you can debug it. Else the program will compile successfully and you can then execute the output file to run the program. Output:

Chapter 3 Loops
Q 6. What will be printed by the following program? #include <stdio.h> void main(void) { int count, total=0; for(count=0;count<8;count++) { total=total+count; printf("\nCount=%d, Total=%d",count,total); } } Answer: The answer of this question can simply be found by compiling and executing the code itself. But during the examination you wont have that privilege. So its better to try and work out the output just by reading the code. Output:

Q 7. Write the above program using while loop. Answer: In this program the code of the previous program which uses a for loop has to be done using a while loop instead. We have to translate all the expressions of the for loop into a while loop. The count variable will be set to 0 in its initialization. The condition is given in the whiles loop expression. The increment to the count variable is made at the end of the while loop.

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Computer Science for Class XII - Programming using C

#include <stdio.h> void main(void) { int count=0, total=0; while(count<8) { total=total+count; printf("\nCount= %d, Total= %d", count, total); count++; } } Output:

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Q 8. Write the program of question 6 using do while loop. Answer: This is similar to the previous question but now instead of re-doing the question 6 using a while loop, this time we have to do is using a do while loop. Just converting the while loop in the previous answer to a do while loop will do the trick. #include <stdio.h> void main(void) { int count=0, total=0; do { total=total+count; printf("\nCount=%d, Total=%d",count,total); count++; } while(count<8); } Output:

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Q 9. Write a program to find the sum of positive odd numbers and the product of positive even numbers less than or equal to 30. Answer: This one can be done in different ways but Im going to do it purely with loops as we are dealing with loops in this chapter. There is a problem in this question though. The product that is going to be calculated here is an enormous number around 30 digits long which cannot be stored and represented accurately without some external help in C. The data types cannot hold the full precision but at least they can represent some number without overflowing. Data types long long int and double can be used to represent the result of this program. The long long int data type is not described in the textbook so I am going to use the double data type for this program. #include <stdio.h> void main(void) { int j, sum=0; double product=1; for(j=1;j<=30;j=j+2) { sum=sum+j; } for(j=2;j<=30;j=j+2) { product=product*j; } printf("The sum of positive odd numbers is: %d\n", sum); printf("The product of positive even numbers is: %6.2f", product); } Output:

Q 10. Write two programs that read an integer and print its table in descending order using for loop and while loop. Answer: For this question the answer is required using for loop and while loop so two separate programs will be written for this question. As the table needs to be printed in descending order, I will print it starting from 12 down to 1. //Using for loop. #include <stdio.h> void main(void) { int n, j, p; printf("Enter a number to get its table: "); scanf("%d",&n); for(j=12;j>0;j--) { Raed Bin Shahid Page 10

Computer Science for Class XII - Programming using C

p=j*n; printf("\n %2d x %2d = %3d", j, n, p); } } //Using while loop. #include <stdio.h> void main(void) { int n, j=12, p; printf("Enter a number to get its table: "); scanf("%d",&n); while(j>0) { p=j*n; printf("\n %2d x %2d = %3d", j, n, p); j--; } } Output:

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Q 11. Write a program that prints the square of all the numbers from 1 to 10. Number Square -----------------1 1 2 4 3 9 . . . . . . 10 100 Answer: We have to print the output just as its formatted in the question above. #include<stdio.h> void main(void) { Raed Bin Shahid Page 11

Computer Science for Class XII - Programming using C

int j, sqr; printf("\tNumber\t\tSquare\n"); printf("\t------\t\t------\n"); for(j=1;j<=10;j++) { sqr=j*j; printf("\t%2d\t\t%3d\n",j,sqr); } } Output:

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Chapter 4 Choices and Decisions

Q 2. Write a program that reads temperature and prints a message as given below. Temperature Message t>35 It is hot! t20, t35 Nice day! t<20 It is cold! Answer: The algorithm is already given in the question that is the temperatures, which will be used as the condition expression for the if conditions. It is quite similar to the grading program on page 60. #include <stdio.h> void main(void) { int temp; printf("Enter the temprature: "); scanf("%d",&temp); if(temp>35) printf("It is hot!"); else if(temp>=20 && temp<=35) printf("Nice Day!"); else if(temp<20) printf("It is cold!"); }

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Output:

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Q 3. Write a program that reads a phrase and prints the number of upper-case and lower-case letters in it. Answer: This program can be done by the combining two programs given in this chapter. The first one is on page 57 at the bottom, which counts the number of characters and words in a phrase. The second one is on page 64 which determines whether the entered character is a vowel or consonant. #include <stdio.h> #include <conio.h> void main(void) { int uppercount=0, lowercount=0; char ch; printf("Enter a phrase: "); while((ch=getche())!='\r') { if(ch>='A' && ch<='Z') uppercount=uppercount+1; if(ch>='a' && ch<='z') lowercount=lowercount+1; } printf("\nUppercount= %d",uppercount); printf("\nLowercount= %d",lowercount); } Output:

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Computer Science for Class XII - Programming using C

Q 4. Write a program that reads three numbers and prints the largest.

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Answer: This program can be done in a number of ways with different algorithms. Im going to do it in a simple way and just print the largest of the three numbers. If you want to print which variable has the largest value or which variables have equal values or if all variables are equal, then that can be done with different ways but I want to keep the program short and simple and do just what the question says using if-else and else-if constructs. #include <stdio.h> void main(void) { int x, y, z; printf("Enter 3 numbers: "); scanf("%d %d %d", &x, &y, &z); if(x>y && x>z) printf("%d is the largest.",x); else if(y>z) printf("%d is the largest.",y); else printf("%d is the largest.",z); } Output:

Q 5. A class of 35 students took an examination in which marks range from 0 to 100. Write a program which finds a) The average marks b) The number of students failed (marks below 50) c) The number of students who scored 100 marks Answer: This program can be done using arrays because we havent studied arrays yet at this point in the textbook. Thus I will do this program using loops and if conditions only. #include <stdio.h> void main(void) { int i, fail=0, full=0; float n, marks=0, avg; printf("Enter the marks of students(35) between 0 and 100: "); for(i=1;i<=35;i++) { scanf("%f",&n); marks=marks+n; if(n<50) fail=fail+1; if(n==100) Raed Bin Shahid Page 14

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full=full+1; } avg=marks/35; printf("\nThe average marks are: %6.2f", avg); printf("\nThe number of students failed: %d", fail); printf("\nThe number of students who scored 100 marks: %d", full); }

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Output: The marks I entered were 0, 7, 11, 21, 35, 42, 49, 52, 53, 55, 57, 58, 63, 64, 66, 68, 69, 71, 72, 73, 76, 77, 81, 85, 86, 88, 89, 91, 95, 96, 97, 99, 100, 100, 100.

Q 6. Write a program that prints all odd positive integers less than 100 skipping those that are exactly divisible by 7. 1 3 5 9 11 13 15 17 19 23 25 99 Answer: First make a loop, preferably for loop which only prints positive odd integers less than 100. The loop will be similar to the one used in Chapter 3 Loops Q 9. Then in the loop eliminate all the numbers which are divisible by 7 by using an if condition. #include<stdio.h> void main() { int i; for(i=1;i<100;i=i+2) { if (i%7!=0) printf("%d ",i); } } Output:

Q 7. Write a program that reads two integers and prints their Greatest Common Divisor (GCD). Answer: I have not written the code for this and the next program myself but found it on the interwebs (as my math sucks lol). I will add the URL of the original source here so that you can read the explanation and different ways of doing the program. http://www.cquestions.com/2008/01/write-cprogram-to-find-gcd-of-two.html #include<stdio.h> void main(void)

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{ int x,y,m,i; printf("Insert two integers: "); scanf("%d %d",&x,&y); if(x>y) m=y; else m=x; for(i=m;i>=1;i--) if(x%i==0&&y%i==0) { printf("GCD of the two integers: %d",i); break; } } Output:

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Q 8. Write a program that reads the coefficients, a, b and c of the quadratic equation and prints the real solutions of x, using the following formula Note that if then there is only one real solution. If it is greater than zero then there are two real solutions and if it is less than zero then print the message NO REAL SOLUTION. Answer: The program can be found here http://www.cquestions.com/2011/09/c-program-forsolving-quadratic.html. I have made some changes in it to fit the question as we only need to print the real solutions and not the complex ones. #include<stdio.h> #include<math.h> void main(void) { float a,b,c,d,root1,root2; printf("Enter a, b and c of quadratic equation: "); scanf("%f%f%f",&a,&b,&c); d=b*b-4*a*c; if(d<0) { printf("NO REAL SOLUTION"); } else if(d==0)

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Computer Science for Class XII - Programming using C

{ printf("Only one real solution."); root1=-b/(2*a); printf("\nRoot of quadratic equation is: %6.2f ",root1); } else { printf("Roots are real numbers.\n"); root1=(-b+sqrt(d))/(2*a); root2=(-b-sqrt(d))/(2*a); printf("Roots of quadratic equation are: %6.2f, %6.2f",root1,root2); } } Output:

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Chapter 5 Arrays and Strings

Q 5. Write a program that reads n integers and prints the smallest along with its subscript value in the list. Answer: There is a program to find the largest integer on page 71. This one is quite similar to it but with a few additions. Instead of 15 inputs we will have n inputs where n in any number inputted by the user. Plus we have to print the subscript value of the smallest number. #include <stdio.h> void main(void) { int n, num[50], i, small, subscript=0; printf("How many numbers do you want to compare?(max 50): "); scanf("%d",&n); for(i=0;i<n;i++) { printf("Enter a number [%d]: ", i); Raed Bin Shahid Page 17

Computer Science for Class XII - Programming using C

scanf("%d",&num[i]); } small=num[0]; for(i=1;i<n;i++) if(small>num[i]) { small=num[i]; subscript=i; } printf("The smallest number is %d with subscript value %d.",small,subscript); } Output:

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Q 6. Write a program that reads two integer arrays, a and b, having 5 elements each and prints the sum of the products as given below. sum=a[0]*b[0] + a[1]*b[1] + + a[4]*b[4] Answer: This is a simple one. We just have to translate the formula given above into code. #include<stdio.h> void main(void) { int a[4], b[4], i, sum=0; for(i=0;i<5;i++) { printf("Enter [%d]element of the first array: ", i); scanf("%d",&a[i]); } for(i=0;i<5;i++) { printf("Enter [%d]element of the second array: ", i); scanf("%d",&b[i]); } for(i=0;i<5;i++) sum=sum+(a[i]*b[i]); printf("The result is: %d",sum); } Output:

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Q 7. Write a program that reads n floating point numbers and prints the sum of positive numbers. Answer: Another easy one. Just have to fill an array with n floating point numbers and then calculate the sum of all positive numbers with an if condition elimination all the negative numbers. #include<stdio.h> void main(void) { int n=1, i; float num[50], sum=0; printf("How many numbers do you want to compare?(max 50): "); scanf("%d",&n); for(i=0;i<n;i++) { printf("Enter a number [%d]: ", i); scanf("%f",&num[i]); } for(i=0;i<n;i++) if(num[i]>0) sum=sum+num[i]; printf("The result is: %6.2f",sum); } Output:

Q 8. For a floating-point array x whose size Is n, find the geometric mean. GM = Answer: I tried doing this math formula myself and thankfully it worked. First we will find the product of n floating-point numbers inside the square root and then we will calculate the square root itself.

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Computer Science for Class XII - Programming using C

#include<stdio.h> #include<math.h> void main(void) { int i; float n=1, x[50], geoProt=1.0, geoMean; printf("Enter the size of the array (max 50): "); scanf("%f",&n); for(i=0;i<n;i++) { printf("Enter a number [%d]: ",i); scanf("%f",&x[i]); geoProt=geoProt*x[i]; } geoMean=pow(geoProt,1/n); printf("The Geometric Mean is: %6.2f",geoMean); } Output:

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Q 9. Write codes that will print the following patterns. Answer: Now the following programs are a bit tricky. They are actually a good exercise on how loops work or rather how nested loops work. The question c is the trickiest and the other three are easy. B is just the reverse of a, and d is exactly the same as a but instead of printing the numbers you will be printing asterisks. If you follow the programs and compare them, then you will be able to get the logic behind them. a) 1 12 123 1234 12345 #include <stdio.h> void main(void) { int i,j; for(i=1;i<=5;++i) { for(j=1;j<=i;++j) { printf("%d ",j); } Raed Bin Shahid Page 20

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printf("\n"); } } Output:

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b) 1 2 3 4 5 1234 123 12 1 #include <stdio.h> void main(void) { int i,j; for(i=5;i>=1;i--) { for(j=1;j<=i;++j) { printf("%d ",j); } printf("\n"); } } Output:

c) 1 2 3 4 5 2345 345 45 5 #include <stdio.h> void main(void) { Raed Bin Shahid

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int i,j; for(i=1;i<=5;i++) { for(j=i;j<=5;j++) { printf("%d ",j); } printf("\n"); } } Output:

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d) * ** *** **** ***** #include <stdio.h> void main(void) { int i,j; for(i=1;i<=5;++i) { for(j=1;j<=i;++j) { printf("* "); } printf("\n"); } } Output:

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Q 10. For a two dimensional array x that has r rows and c columns, print the sum and average of each row. Answer: This one was a bit is a bit tough. It is another good exercise to better understand the loops and functionality of two dimensional arrays. Instead to having a static value for the row and arrays, I have made the program such that the value of rows and columns is input by the user thus making the program a bit more flexible. #include<stdio.h> void main() { int x[10][10],r,c,sum=0,i,j; float avg=1; printf("Enter the size of the array(rows and columns): "); scanf("%d%d",&r,&c); printf("Fill the Two dimensional array \n"); for(i=0;i<r;i++) for(j=0;j<c;j++) { printf("Enter the value of row %d and column %d: ",i,j); scanf("%d",&x[i][j]); } for(i=0;i<r;i++) { for(j=0;j<c;j++) sum=sum+x[i][j]; avg=(float)sum/(float)c; printf("The sum of row %d is: %d\n",i,sum); printf("The average is: %6.2f\n",avg); sum=0; } } Output: I entered a 3 x 3 matrix with the values 7 9 2 13 21 3 6 42 666

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Computer Science for Class XII - Programming using C Chapter 6 Functions

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Q 2. Write a program that prints the larger of two numbers entered from the keyboard. Use a function to do the actual comparison of the two numbers. Pass the two numbers to the function as arguments and have the function return the answer with return (). Answer: The programs in this chapter are simple as we have done similar programs before. In these programs we have to do the actual computation of the program in the functions. This program is a simple comparison program of two number where the comparison will be done by the function. #include<stdio.h> int compare(int x,int y); void main(void) { int a,b,c; printf("Enter two numbers: "); scanf("%d%d",&a,&b); c=compare(a,b); printf("%d is the larger no.",c); } int compare(int x,int y) { if(x>y) return x; else return y; } Output:

Q 3. Write a program using a function to calculate the area of a rectangle. Answer: Another easy one where we just have to take the input of length and width of a rectangle by the user and then calculate the area of the rectangle using a function. The formula is area = length x width. #include<stdio.h> int area(int a,int b); void main(void) { int length,width,areaz; printf("Enter length and width of the rectangle: "); scanf("%d%d",&length,&width); areaz=area(length,width); printf("The area of the rectangle is %d.",areaz); } int area(int a,int b) { Raed Bin Shahid Page 24

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int c; c=a*b; return c; } Output:

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Q 4. Write a program that produces the following table of temperature in Centigrade and Fahrenheit from 0 degrees to 50 degrees centigrade. Use a function for conversion. ------------------------------------------------------------------Centigrade Fahrenheit ------------------------------------------------------------------0 32 5 10 . . . 50 Answer: An almost similar conversion of temperature program has already been done on the page 41 of the textbook. Refer there to understand better how to do this program. #include<stdio.h> void convert(void); void main(void) { printf("\t--------------------------------\n"); printf("\t Centigrade"); printf("\t Fahrenheit\n"); printf("\t--------------------------------\n"); convert(); } void convert(void) { int c,f; for(c=0;c<=50;c=c+5) { f=(9*c/5)+32; printf("\t\t%d\t\t%d\n",c,f); } }

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Output:

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Q 5. Write a program that reads a phrase and prints the number of lower-case letters in it using a function for counting. Answer: The answer of this question is almost similar to the program in Chapter 4 Choices and Decisions Q 3. We just have to do it using a function. #include<stdio.h> int count(void); void main() { int lowercase; printf("Enter a phrase: "); lowercase=count(); printf("\nThe no of lowercase letters: %d",lowercase); } int count(void) { int lowercount=0; char ch; while((ch=getche())!='\r') if(ch>='a'&&ch<='z') lowercount++; return(lowercount); } Output:

Q 6. Write a program that reads n floating-point number in an array and prints their product using a function.

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Answer: The question seems simple but the program is a bit bigger that the normal programs in the exercises. Fill an array with n number of floating-point values. Pass the array and the variable n to the function and then calculate the product of the values in the array and then print it. #include<stdio.h> void product(float x[],int n); void main(void) { float x[50]; int i, n; printf("How many elements do you want to enter? "); scanf("%d",&n); for(i=0;i<n;i++) { printf("Enter the %d element in the array: ",i); scanf("%f",&x[i]); } product(x,n); } void product(float x[],int n) { float productz=1; int i; for(i=0;i<n;i++) productz=productz*x[i]; printf("The Product is: %6.2f",productz); } Output:

Q 7. Write a program that reads numbers in two integer arrays, x and y, of size m and n and prints them in ascending order using a function. Answer: There is a sorting program on page 72 which will be used to do the actual sorting procedure of this program in the function, which is by the exchange sort method. We will pass the arrays x and y respectively with their sizes m and n respectively to sort and print the array. This is probably the longest exercise program in the book. #include<stdio.h> void sort(int x[],int m); void main(void) { Raed Bin Shahid Page 27

Computer Science for Class XII - Programming using C

int i,x[50],y[50],m,n; printf("Enter the number of elements of the first array: "); scanf("%d",&m); printf("Enter the number of elements of the second array: "); scanf("%d",&n); for(i=0;i<m;i++) { printf("Enter the %d element of the first array: ",i); scanf("%d",&x[i]); } for(i=0;i<n;i++) { printf("Enter the %d element of the second array: ",i); scanf("%d",&y[i]); } printf("First array in ascending order: "); sort(x,m); printf("\nSecond array in ascending order: "); sort(y,n); } void sort(int x[],int m) { int i,j,holder; for(i=0;i<m-1;i++) for(j=0;j<m-1;j++) if(x[j]>x[j+1]) { holder=x[j]; x[j]=x[j+1]; x[j+1]=holder; } for(j=0;j<m;j++) printf("%d ",x[j]); } Output:

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Computer Science for Class XII - Programming using C Chapter 7 File Management

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Q 3. Write a program that will read a C source file and verify that the number of right and left braces in the file are equal. Use getc() function to read the file. Answer: File management programs are the trickiest ones from the textbook but once you understand them then they are very fun to play around with. To understand this program better take a look at the program at page 109 Reading Characters from a file. We have to read a C source file, preferably the one where you write the code of this program on. And then check if the number of right and left braces are the same. I will use the file name verifybrace.c but you will have to put the name of the file you want to read from over there. #include<stdio.h> void main(void) { FILE *fptr; int r=0,l=0; char ch; fptr=fopen("verifybrace.c ","r"); while((ch=getc(fptr))!=EOF) { if(ch=='{') l++; if(ch=='}') r++; } if(l==r) printf("The Left and Right braces are equal."); else printf("The Left and Right braces are not equal."); fclose(fptr); } Output:

Q 4. Write a program that will read names and marks of six subjects of five students and stores them in a file called result.txt. Answer: The next two programs are done by using formatted input/output. In the beginning I had a bit of confusion that whether the names here mean the names of subjects or the names of students. I did the program both ways but then after reading the next question realized that it meant name of students. So in this program we will store the information into the text file result.txt using fprintf(). Raed Bin Shahid Page 29

Computer Science for Class XII - Programming using C

#include<stdio.h> void main(void) { FILE *fptr; int i,j,marks; char name[30]; fptr=fopen("result.txt","w"); for(i=1;i<=5;i++) { printf("Enter the Name of student(%d): ",i); scanf("%s",&name); fprintf(fptr,"%s ",name); for(j=1;j<=6;j++) { printf("The marks of subject(%d): ",j); scanf("%d",&marks); fprintf(fptr,"%d ",marks); } fprintf(fptr,"\n"); } fclose(fptr); } Output:

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Computer Science for Class XII - Programming using C

After all the entry in the result.txt the text in it should look like in the following image.

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Q 5. Write a program that will read names and marks of six subjects of five students from the result.txt file created in the previous question and prints each students name along with his total and average marks. Answer: This program requires that you have successfully compiled and executed the previous program because in this program we are going to read the values from the result.txt file created in the previous program and do some calculation with the data and then display it. This program can also be done using arrays and loops but the way Ive done it is the short version and similar to the one showed in the textbook on page 113 Reading Formatted Data from a File. We will use fscanf() to read the data from the text file result.txt. #include<stdio.h> void main(void) { FILE *fptr; int mark1,mark2,mark3,mark4,mark5,mark6,total; char name[30]; float avg; fptr=fopen("result.txt","r"); while(fscanf(fptr,"%s %d %d %d %d %d %d",name,&mark1,&mark2,&mark3,&mark4,&mark5,&mark6)!=EOF) { total=mark1+mark2+mark3+mark4+mark5+mark6; avg=(float)total/6; printf("Name:%s\tTotal Marks:%d\t\tAvergae Marks:%6.2f\n",name,total,avg); } fclose(fptr); } Output:

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