Chapter 12
Chapter 12
Chapter 12
Willy Sansen
KULeuven, ESAT-MICAS Leuven, Belgium
[email protected]
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Outline
Problems of class AB drivers Cross-coupled quads Adaptive biasing IQ control with translinear circuits, etc. Current feedback and other principles Low-Voltage realizations
122
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In Out IB In
+ -
Out In
+ -
Out
Amplifier Rail-to-rail
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Imax
Vout
Vout
IB
t
IB
IB
IB = 0 Class B Distortion !
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Requirements class -AB stages Rail-to-rail output swing Accurate control of quiescent current IQ Must be low Independent of supply voltage More than linear ! Large drive capability Imax/IQ Imax Small area
IQ 0 VINQ VDD
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VIN
126
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vin
M1
iC1
CL
IQ
0 0
iL
VDD 2 VDD
vin
iL = iC2 - iC1
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Outline
Problems of class AB drivers Cross-coupled quads Adaptive biasing IQ control with translinear circuits, etc. Current feedback and other principles Low-Voltage realizations
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Cross-coupled quad
V+
V+
V-
V-
V+
V-
V+ Iout
IB Two super-followers
IB
Vout
1210
vin
-vin
vin
-vin
vin -vin IB IB IB IB
1211
GBW = SR
gm1 2 CL
1212
1213
Double-Push
Vin
Vin
1214
z z z
1215
Outline
Problems of class AB drivers Cross-coupled quads Adaptive biasing IQ control with translinear circuits, etc. Current feedback and other principles Low-Voltage realizations
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1216
I1
z
A(I1-I2) I1 I2
IB
A:1
Ref. Degrauwe, JSSC June 82, 522-528
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BIp
Vin
Ref. Degrauwe, JSSC June 82, 522-528
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If A.mis18-19 1
UN-stable
e.g. if mismatch = 10%
A << 10
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1219
Outline
Problems of class AB drivers Cross-coupled quads Adaptive biasing IQ control with translinear circuits, etc. Current feedback and other principles Low-Voltage realizations
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1220
4 A
(2 -
1 2
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1221
z
gm1vin
14 MHz / 11pF
z
gm3vin
36 nV/ Hz 5V 0.4 mA
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vout vin
= 2gmA1RL
Av = 2gm1RingmA1RL
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6.4 MHz / 10 pF
z z
6.4 V/s
z
31 nV/ Hz 3.3 V 0.18 mA 3 mApk
1224
z= V
dd/2
1225
z
3rd stage
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Translinear IQ Control
vin
M12 off !
Minimum current
-vin
1227
Translinear IQ Control
z z z z
IN+ INRef. Op t Eynde, JSSC Febr.90, 265-273
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1228
z z z
1229
z z z
1230
IB2
M51
M52
IB1
1231
1232
2 1
1233
Outline
Problems of class AB drivers Cross-coupled quads Adaptive biasing IQ control with translinear circuits, etc. Current feedback and other principles Low-Voltage realizations
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1234
Current feedback
Current Feedback
Ref. Callewaert, JSSC June 90, 684-691
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1235
1236
z z
Class-AB source foll. In parallel with Class-AB power amp.
Ref. Saether, JSSC Febr.96, 255-258
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Outline
Problems of class AB drivers Cross-coupled quads Adaptive biasing IQ control with translinear circuits, etc. Current feedback and other principles Low-Voltage realizations
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1238
20 A
Zero
1.5 V 90 A 1 MHz/150 pF
Ref. Van Dongen, JSSC Dec.95, 1333-1337
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0.2 For larger : - less gain (more current) - more mismatch and distortion 120
1240
z z
IQ = 300 A
100 pF // 200
1241
12 MHz 2.1 mA
3.2 nVRMS/Hz
Vittoz, JSSC June 83, pp. 273-279 Holman, JSSC June 95, pp. 710-714
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iout = IB + i1 - i2
VGS = 0.85 V VDSsat = 0.15 V
0V
i1
0.15 V
i2 IB iout
VSS = 0 V
Voutmax = 0.7 V
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M2 is source follower
iout
VGS1 = Vin1 - Vin2 IB1 IB2 iout ~ (Vin1 - Vin2)2 >>> Class AB
Ref. Peluso, JSSC Dec.98, 1887-1897
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Class-AB characteristic
1246
IB1
IB2
M2 is source follower 7 trans. carry current VGS + 2VDSsat
IB2
1247
Conclusions
Problems of class AB drivers Cross-coupled quads Adaptive biasing IQ control with translinear circuits, etc. Current feedback and other principles Low-Voltage realizations
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Reference list - 1
J.Babanezhad, "A rail-to-rail CMOS opamp", IEEE Journal Solid-State Circuits, Vol. SC-23, pp. 1414-1417, Dec.1988. K. Brehmer, B. Wieser, "Large swing CMOS power amplifier", IEEE Journal Solid-State Circuits, Vol. SC-18, pp.624-629, Dec.1983. L. Callewaert and W. Sansen, "Class AB CMOS amplifiers with high efficiency", IEEE Journal Solid-State Circuits, Vol. SC-25, pp. 684-691, June 1990. H.Casier, etal, A 3.3 V low-distortion ISDN line driver with a novel quiescent current control circuit, IEEE Journal Solid-State Circuits, Vol. SC-33, pp. 1130-1133, July 1998. R. Castello, P. Gray, "A high-performance micropower switched-capacitor filter", IEEE Journal Solid-State Circuits, Vol. SC-20, pp. 1122-1132, Dec.1985. M.Degrauwe, J.Rijmenants, E.Vittoz, H.De Man, "Adaptive biasing CMOS amplifiers" IEEE Journal Solid-State Circuits, Vol. SC-17, pp. 522-528, June 1982. de Langen K., G. Eschauzier, G. van Dijk, J. Huijsing, "A 1-GHz bipolar class-AB operational amplifier with multipath nested Miller compensation for 76-dB gain", IEEE Journal Solid-State Circuits, Vol. SC-32, pp. 488-498, April 1997. J. Fischer, R. Koch, "A highly linear CMOS buffer amplifier", IEEE Journal Solid-State Circuits, Vol. SC-22, pp. 330-334, June 1987.
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Reference list - 2
K.Halonen "Low-power high-performance switched-capacitor circuits for data-acquisition systems", PhD KULeuven, October 1987. R. Hogervorst, etal, "A compact power-efficient 3V CMOS rail-to-rail input/output operational amplifier for VLSI cell libraries", IEEE Journal Solid-State Circuits, Vol. SC-29, pp. 1504-1512, Dec.1994. W.Holman, A.Connelly, "A compact low noise operational amplifier for a 1.2 micron digital CMOS technology", IEEE Journal Solid-State Circuits, Vol. SC-30, pp. 710-714, June 1995. J. Huijsing, D. Linebarger, "Low-voltage operational amplifier with rail-to-rail input and output ranges", IEEE Journal Solid-State Circuits, Vol. SC-20, pp. 1144-1150, Dec.1985. B.Lee, B.Sheu, A high slew-rate CMOS amplifier for analog signal processing, IEEE Journal Solid-State Circuits, Vol. SC-25, pp. 885-889, June 1990. K.Lee, R. Meyer, "Low-distortion switched-capacitor filter design techniques", IEEE Journal Solid-State Circuits, Vol. SC-20, pp. 1103-1113, Dec.1985. D. Monticelli, "A quad CMOS single-supply op amp with rail-to-rail output swing", IEEE Journal Solid-State Circuits, Vol. SC-21, pp. 1026-1034, Dec.1986. F. Op't Eynde, P. Ampe, L. Verdeyen and W. Sansen, "A CMOS large-swing low-distortion three-stage class AB power amplifier", IEEE Journal Solid-State Circuits, Vol. SC-25, pp. 265273, Febr.1990. Willy Sansen
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Reference list - 3
M. Pardoen, M.Degrauwe, "A rail-to-rail input/output CMOS power amplifier", IEEE Journal Solid-State Circuits, Vol. SC-25, pp. 501-504, April 1990. V. Peluso, etal, A 900 mV low-power Delta-Sigma AD Converter with 77-dB dynamic range IEEE Journal Solid-State Circuits, Vol. SC-33, pp. 1887-1897, Dec.1998. T.Saether etal, "High-speed, high-linearity CMOS buffer amplifier", IEEE Journal SolidState Circuits, Vol. SC-31, pp. 255-258, Febr.1996. E. Seevinck etal "Low-distortion output stage for power amplifiers", IEEE Journal SolidState Circuits, Vol. SC-23 pp. 794-801, June 1988. M.Steyaert, W.Sansen, A high-dynamic range CMOS opamp with low-distortion output structure, IEEE Journal Solid-State Circuits, Vol. SC-22 pp. 1204-1207, Dec.1987. R. Van Dongen, V. Rikkink, "A 1.5 V Class AB CMOS buffer amplifier for driving lowresistance loads", IEEE Journal Solid-State Circuits, Vol. SC-30, pp. 1333-1337, Dec.1995. W.Wu, etal, "Digital-compatible high-performance operational amplifier with rail-to-rail input and output ranges", IEEE Journal Solid-State Circuits, Vol. SC-29, pp. 63-66, Jan.1994 F. You, S.H.K. Embabi and E. Sanchez-Sinencio. "Low-voltage class AB buffers with quiescent current control." IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits , Vol SC-33, pp. 915920, June 1998.
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