5/25/11

Chapter 6
E-Supply Chains, Collaborative Commerce, and Corporate Portals

Learning Objectives
1. Define the e-supply chain and describe its characteristics and components. 2. List supply chain problems and their causes. 3. List solutions to supply chain problems provided by EC. 4. Describe RFID as a supply chain application. 5. Define c-commerce and list the major types.

Chapter 6

Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

5/25/11

Learning Objectives
6. Describe collaborative planning and Collaboration, Planning, Forecasting, and Replenishing (CPFR) and list the benefits of each. 7. Discuss integration along the supply chain. 8. Understand corporate portals and their types and roles. 9. Describe e-collaboration tools such as groupware and screen sharing.
Chapter 6 Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 2

E-Supply Chains
DEFINITIONS AND CONCEPTS
supply chain The flow of materials, information, money, and services from raw material suppliers through factories and warehouses to the end customers. e-supply chain A supply chain that is managed electronically, usually with Web technologies.
Chapter 6 Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 3

5/25/11

E-Supply Chains

Chapter 6

Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

E-Supply Chains
SUPPLY CHAIN PARTS
Upstream supply chain
procurement The process made up of a range of activities by which an organization obtains or gains access to the resources (materials, skills, capabilities, facilities) they require to undertake their core business activities.

Internal supply chain and value chain Downstream supply chain

Chapter 6 Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 5

5/25/11

E-Supply Chains
supply chain management (SCM) A complex process that requires the coordination of many activities so that the shipment of goods and services from supplier right through to customer is done efficiently and effectively for all parties concerned. e-supply chain management (e-SCM) The collaborative use of technology to improve the operations of supply chain activities as well as the management of supply chains.
Chapter 6 Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 6

E-Supply Chains
Activities and Infrastructure of E-SCM
Supply chain replenishment e-procurement The use of Web-based technology to support the key procurement processes, including requisitioning, sourcing, contracting, ordering, and payment. Supply chain monitoring and control using RFID Inventory management using wireless devices

Chapter 6

Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

5/25/11

E-Supply Chains
collaborative planning A business practice that combines the business knowledge and forecasts of multiple players along a supply chain to improve the planning and fulfillment of customer demand. Collaborative design and product development E-logistics Use of B2B exchanges and supply webs
Chapter 6 Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 8

E-Supply Chains
Infrastructure for e-SCM
Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) Extranets Intranets Corporate portals Workflow systems and tools Groupware and other collaborative tools

Chapter 6

Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

5/25/11

Supply Chain Problems and Solutions

TYPICAL PROBLEMS ALONG THE SUPPLY CHAIN
bullwhip effect Erratic shifts in orders up and down supply chains.

THE NEED FOR INFORMATION SHARING ALONG THE SUPPLY CHAIN EC SOLUTIONS ALONG THE SUPPLY CHAIN

Chapter 6

Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

10

RFID as a Key Enabler of Supply Chains

radio frequency identification (RFID) A technology that uses electronic tags (chips) instead of bar codes to identify items. RFID readers use radio waves to interact with the tags.

Chapter 6

Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

11

5/25/11

RFID as a Key Enabler of Supply Chains

Chapter 6

Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

12

RFID as a Key Enabler of Supply Chains

Chapter 6

Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

13

5/25/11

RFID as a Key Enabler of Supply Chains

LIMITATIONS OF RFID
For small companies, the cost of the system may be too high (at least for the near future). The lower-frequency systems (300 to 500 Khz) required for passive tags are much cheaper but offer a decreased range. Radio frequency interference and the limited range of passive RFID tags also may be problematic, especially because passive tags are the most economically viable option for some businesses.
Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Chapter 6

14

RFID as a Key Enabler of Supply Chains

RUBEE: AN ALTERNATIVE TO RFID?
RuBee Bidirectional, on-demand, peer-to-peer radiating transceiver protocol under development by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.

Chapter 6

Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

15

5/25/11

Collaborative Commerce
collaborative commerce (c-commerce) The use of digital technologies that enable companies to collaboratively plan, design, develop, manage, and research products, services, and innovative EC applications.

Chapter 6

Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

16

Collaborative Commerce
collaboration hub The central point of control for an emarket. A single collaborative hub (chub), representing one e-market owner, can host multiple collaboration spaces (c-spaces) in which trading partners use collaboration enablers (c-enablers) to exchange data with the c-hub.
Chapter 6 Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 17

5/25/11

Collaborative Commerce

Chapter 6

Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

18

Collaborative Commerce

Chapter 6

Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

19

10

5/25/11

Collaborative Commerce
COLLABORATIVE NETWORKS
Mobile Collaborative Networks

REPRESENTATIVE EXAMPLES OF E-COLLABORATION

vendor-managed inventory (VMI) The practice of retailers making suppliers responsible for determining when to order and how much to order.

BARRIERS TO C-COMMERCE
Chapter 6 Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 20

Collaborative Commerce

Chapter 6

Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

21

11

5/25/11

Collaborative Planning, CPFR, and Collaborative Design

collaborative planning, forecasting, and replenishment (CPFR) Project in which suppliers and retailers collaborate in their planning and demand forecasting to optimize flow of materials along the supply chain.

Chapter 6

Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

22

Collaborative Planning, CPFR, and Collaborative Design

Chapter 6

Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

23

12

5/25/11

Collaborative Planning, CPFR, and Collaborative Design

advanced planning and scheduling (APS) systems Programs that use algorithms to identify optimal solutions to complex planning problems that are bound by constraints.

Chapter 6

Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

24

Collaborative Planning, CPFR, and Collaborative Design

product lifecycle management (PLM) Business strategy that enables manufacturers to control and share product-related data as part of product design and development efforts. SUPPORTING JOINT DESIGN

Chapter 6

Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

25

13

5/25/11

Supply Chain Integration

HOW INFORMATION SYSTEMS ARE INTEGRATED ENABLING INTEGRATION AND THE ROLE OF STANDARDS AND WEB SERVICES
Web Services An architecture enabling assembly of distributed applications from software services and tying them together.
Chapter 6 Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 26

Supply Chain Integration

INTEGRATION ALONG THE EXTENDED SUPPLY CHAIN

Chapter 6

Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

27

14

5/25/11

Corporate (Enterprise) Portals

corporate (enterprise) portal A gateway for entering a corporate Web site, enabling communication, collaboration, and access to company information.

Chapter 6

Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

28

Corporate (Enterprise) Portals

Chapter 6

Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

29

15

5/25/11

Corporate (Enterprise) Portals

TYPES OF CORPORATE PORTALS
Types of Generic Portals
Portals for suppliers and other partners Customer portals Employee portals Executive and supervisor portals mobile portals Portals accessible via mobile devices, especially cell phones and PDAs.
Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Chapter 6

30

Corporate (Enterprise) Portals

The Functionalities of Portals
information portals Portals that store data and enable users to navigate and query the data. collaborative portals Portals that enable collaboration.

Chapter 6

Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

31

16

5/25/11

Corporate (Enterprise) Portals

CORPORATE PORTAL APPLICATIONS JUSTIFYING PORTALS

Chapter 6

Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

32

Corporate (Enterprise) Portals

Chapter 6

Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

33

17

5/25/11

Collaboration Tools
groupware Software products that use networks to support collaboration among groups of people who share a common task or goal.

Chapter 6

Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

34

Collaboration Tools
Synchronous Versus Asynchronous Products Electronic Meeting Systems
virtual meetings Online meetings whose members are in different locations, even in different countries.

Real-Time Collaboration Tools Mobile Communication and Collaboration Platforms Web Collaboration
Chapter 6 Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 35

18

5/25/11

Collaboration Tools
Electronic Teleconferencing
teleconferencing The use of electronic communication that allows two or more people at different locations to have a simultaneous conference. video teleconference Virtual meeting in which participants in one location can see participants at other locations on a large screen or a desktop computer. data conferencing Virtual meeting in which geographically dispersed groups work on documents together and exchange computer files during videoconferences.

Web conferencing
Chapter 6 Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 36

Collaboration Tools
Voice-over-IP (VoIP) Communication systems that transmit voice calls over InternetProtocol-based networks. Interactive Whiteboards screen-sharing software Software that enables group members, even in different locations, to work on the same document, which is shown on the PC screen of each participant.
Chapter 6 Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 37

19

5/25/11

Collaboration Tools
Instant Video Integration and Groupware Suites
Lotus Notes/Domino

OTHER COLLABORATIVE TOOLS AND WIKIS IMPLEMENTATION ISSUES FOR ONLINE COLLABORATION

Chapter 6

Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

38

Managerial Issues
1. How difficult is it to introduce ecollaboration? 2. How much can be shared with business partners? 3. Who is in charge of our portal and intranet content? 4. Who will design the corporate portal? 5. Should we conduct virtual meetings?
Chapter 6 Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 39

20

5/25/11

Summary
1. The e-supply chain, its characteristics, and its components. 2. Supply chain problems and their causes. 3. Solutions to supply chain problems provided by EC. 4. RFID applications. 5. C-commerce: Definitions and types. 6. Collaborative planning and CPFR. 7. Integration along the supply chain. 8. Types and roles of corporate portals. 9. Collaborative tools.
Chapter 6 Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 40

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America.

Chapter 6

Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

41

21