Naclo - Practice 3 2
Naclo - Practice 3 2
Naclo - Practice 3 2
Thursday, October 24
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Phonology
Predictability
It is difficult to predicts sounds in contrastive sets.
Consider the following: /t/, /p/, and /s/ are contrasting sounds Will a t, p, or s end this word? ma_
However, we can predict which sound in a noncontrastive set will occur based on its environment. Consider the following: [ph] only occurs at the beginning of a syllable Will [ph] or [p] start this word? prisencolinensinainciusol
In Kikamba, [k] and [g] are noncontrastive. [g] and [k] are allophones of /k/ Easy to predict which sound will occur [g] only occurs directly after []
[_osuu_a] - to guard
Phonological rules are expressed: XY/_Z X is the input Y is the output / means in the environment of Z is the environment in which X occurs _ positions X
[x] [k]
More notation
A quality of a sound can be defined in square brackets ex. [aspirated], [voiced], [alveolar], [nasal] $ is used to indicate a syllable boundary # is used to indicate a word boundary
Challenge: What rule could you write to generalize the pattern of aspiration?
tent tentative pit pituitary spit kit quick [thnt] [thnththv] [pht] [phthuthi] [spt] [kht] [khwk]
Rule
[voiceless stop] [aspirated] / $ _