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    Darcy's Data For Two Different Sands: Figure From Hornberger Et Al. (1998)

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    Andrea Louisse Corbillon
    This document summarizes Darcy's law, which describes groundwater flow through porous media. It discusses key concepts such as hydraulic conductivity, specific discharge, hydraulic head, and the governing groundwater flow equation. Darcy's law states that specific discharge is proportional to and in the direction of the hydraulic gradient. When combined with the law of mass balance, it results in the groundwater flow equation. The document also covers storage properties, boundary conditions, and the application of Darcy's law and the flow equation to confined and unconfined aquifers.

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    Darcy's Data For Two Different Sands: Figure From Hornberger Et Al. (1998)

    Uploaded by

    Andrea Louisse Corbillon
    8 views20 pages
    This document summarizes Darcy's law, which describes groundwater flow through porous media. It discusses key concepts such as hydraulic conductivity, specific discharge, hydraulic head, and the governing groundwater flow equation. Darcy's law states that specific discharge is proportional to and in the direction of the hydraulic gradient. When combined with the law of mass balance, it results in the groundwater flow equation. The document also covers storage properties, boundary conditions, and the application of Darcy's law and the flow equation to confined and unconfined aquifers.

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    This document summarizes Darcy's law, which describes groundwater flow through porous media. It discusses key concepts such as hydraulic conductivity, specific discharge, hydraulic head, and the governing groundwater flow equation. Darcy's law states that specific discharge is proportional to and in the direction of the hydraulic gradient. When combined with the law of mass balance, it results in the groundwater flow equation. The document also covers storage properties, boundary conditions, and the application of Darcy's law and the flow equation to confined and unconfined aquifers.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    8 views20 pages

    Darcy's Data For Two Different Sands: Figure From Hornberger Et Al. (1998)

    Uploaded by

    Andrea Louisse Corbillon
    This document summarizes Darcy's law, which describes groundwater flow through porous media. It discusses key concepts such as hydraulic conductivity, specific discharge, hydraulic head, and the governing groundwater flow equation. Darcy's law states that specific discharge is proportional to and in the direction of the hydraulic gradient. When combined with the law of mass balance, it results in the groundwater flow equation. The document also covers storage properties, boundary conditions, and the application of Darcy's law and the flow equation to confined and unconfined aquifers.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 20

    Darcys data for two different sands

    Figure from Hornberger et al. (1998)

    Range in hydraulic conductivity, K 13 orders of magnitude


    Figure from Hornberger et al. (1998)

    Figure from Hornberger et al. (1998)

    Generalization of Darcys column

    h/L = hydraulic gradient

    Q is proportional to h/L q = Q/A


    Figure from Hornberger et al. (1998)

    q = Q/A

    q is a vector
    z

    h qx K x x h qy K y y

    qz 2

    z x x qx 1

    h qz K z z

    In general: Kz < Kx, Ky

    q = - K grad h
    h qx K x x h qy K y y h qz K z z

    Vector Form of Darcys Law


    q = - K grad h
    q = specific discharge (L/T) K = hydraulic conductivity (L/T) grad h = hydraulic gradient (L/L) h = head (L)

    q = - K grad h
    q is a vector with 3 components
    h is a scalar K is a tensor with 9 components
    (three of which are Kx, Ky, Kz)

    Scalar 1 component

    Magnitude

    Head, concentration, temperature

    Vector 3 components
    Tensor 9 components

    Magnitude and Specific discharge, (& direction velocity), mass flux, heat flux
    Magnitude, direction and magnitude changing with direction Hydraulic conductivity, Dispersion coefficient, thermal conductivity

    Darcys law

    q = - K grad h

    q
    grad h

    equipotential line
    q grad h

    Isotropic Kx = Ky = Kz = K

    Anisotropic Kx, Ky, Kz

    True flow paths

    Linear flow paths assumed in Darcys law


    Specific discharge q = Q/A

    Average linear velocity v = Q/An= q/n n = effective porosity


    Figure from Hornberger et al. (1998)

    Representative Elementary Volume (REV)

    REV

    q = - K grad h
    Equivalent Porous Medium (epm)

    Law of Mass Balance + Darcys Law = Governing Equation for Groundwater Flow --------------------------------------------------------------div

    q = - Ss (h t) +R* (Law of Mass Balance)

    q = - K grad Water h balance equation (Darcys Law)

    div (K grad h) = Ss (h t) R*

    Steady State Water Balance Equation Inflow = Outflow Recharge Discharge

    Transient Water Balance Equation Inflow = Outflow +/- Change in Storage Outflow - Inflow = Change in Storage

    Storage Terms

    h b

    Unconfined aquifer Specific yield = Sy

    S=V/Ah S = Ss b

    Confined aquifer Storativity = S

    Ss = specific storage
    Figures from Hornberger et al. (1998)

    OUT IN =

    qx qy qz ( W ) x y z x y z
    = change in storage = - V/ t Ss = V / (x y z h) V = Ss h (x y z) t t

    REV

    S=V/Ah Ss = S/b here b = z

    OUT IN =

    qx qy qz ( W ) Ss h x y z t
    h x h qy Ky y h qz Kz z qx Kx

    h h h h ( Kx ) ( Ky ) ( Kz ) Ss W x x y y z z t

    Law of Mass Balance + Darcys Law = Governing Equation for Groundwater Flow --------------------------------------------------------------div

    q = - Ss (h t) +W (Law of Mass Balance)

    q = - K grad h

    (Darcys Law)

    div (K grad h) = Ss (h t) W

    h h h h ( Kx ) ( Ky ) ( Kz ) Ss W x x y y z z t

    2D confined:

    h h h (Tx ) (Ty ) S R x x y y t
    (S = Ss b & T = K b)

    2D unconfined:

    h h h (hKx ) (hKy ) Sy R x x y y t

    Figures from: Hornberger et al., 1998. Elements of Physical Hydrology, The Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore, 302 p.

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