OPNET-Chapter 3token Ring
OPNET-Chapter 3token Ring
OPNET-Chapter 3token Ring
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Process Models
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Process Models
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Model Interfaces
Packet Formats The following table enumerates the packet formats used in the Token Ring model suite.
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Model Interfaces
ICI Formats (Interface Control Information) The following table enumerates the interface control information (ICI) formats used in the Token Ring model suite.
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Model Interfaces
Token Ring Addressing and Ring Identifiers Each ring has a unique identifier, specified by the ring_id attribute of the tr_mac_op_v2 process model. All Token Ring MAC entities on the same ring must agree on the value of this identifier. The ring IDs can be specified to be automatically assigned to meet these requirements.
Each MAC entity has a physical address, specified by the station_address attribute of the tr_mac_op_v2 process model. Token Ring addresses must be consecutive (no gaps in numbering) and increase in the direction of the point-to-point links along a ring. In addition, when using these models in conjunction with the Spanning Tree Bridge models, the addresses must be unique across the entire OPNET network to support correct bridge address learning. The addresses can be specified to be automatically assigned to meet these requirements.
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A token ring network consists of a set of nodes connected in a ring. The ring is a single shared medium. The token ring technology involves a distributed algorithm that controls when each node is allowed to transmit. With a ring topology, any link or node failure would render the whole network useless. This problem can be solved by using a star topology where nodes are connected to a token ring hub. The hub acts as a relay, known as a multi station access unit (MSAU)
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The token, which is just a special sequence of bits, circulates around the ring; each node receives and then forwards the token. When a node that has a frame to transmit sees the token, it takes the token off the ring and instead inserts its frame into the ring. When the frame makes its way back around to the sender, this node strips its frame off the ring and reinserts the token. The token holding time (THT) is the time a given node is allowed to hold the token. The THT has an effect on the utilization and fairness of the network, where utilization is the measure of the bandwidth used versus that available on the given ring.
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In this lab, you will set up a token ring network with 14 nodes connected in a star topology. The links you will use operate at a data rate of 4 Mbps. You will study how the utilization and delay of the network are affected by the network load as well as the THT.
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NOTES:
Create Project:
Name the project <your initials>_Token Name the scenario Balanced make sure that Create Empty Scenario
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NOTES:
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Save Project
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NOTES: Configure Network Nodes configure the THT of the nodes Select Similar Nodes Edit Attributes. Set Value Shown in figure.
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NOTES: to collect the average of the above statistics as a scalar value by the end of each simulation run: Simulation menu - Statistics (Advanced)
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NOTES: be sure Traffic Sent and Traffic Received appeared under the Global Statistics Probes and Utilization appeared under Node Statistics Probes Set the Values for both Traffic Sent and traffic Rec
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we need to analyze the effect of THT on the network performance: Objects menu Create Attribute Probe Right Click on new Attribute Probe Choose Attributed Object expand Office Network select Node_0 Right Click on new Attribute Probe Edit Attributes Save from File Menu
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NOTES: Duplicate Scenario The token ring network scenario we just implemented is balanced: the distribution of the generated traffic in all nodes is the same. To compare performance, you will create an unbalanced scenario as follows: 1- Scenarios menu Duplicate Scenario name Unbalanced OK 2- select Nod_0 and Nod_7 by shift-Clicking Right click Edit Attributes Set the Interarrival time Value show in this figure. 3- select all nodes except Nod_0 and Nod_7 Right click Edit Attributes Set the Interarrival time Value show in this figure. 4- click anywhere in the workspace to unselect objects.
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NOTES: View the Results Flow Steps in your source document to get the flowing results.
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NOTES: View the Results Flow Steps in your source document to get the results.
Start as professionals
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