International Research Regarding Language (Punjabi)
International Research Regarding Language (Punjabi)
International Research Regarding Language (Punjabi)
(.)
Author
Published by:
Chetna Parkashan
PUNJABI BHAWAN, LUDHIANA (Pb.) INDIA
Ph. 0161-2413613, 2404928, Website: www.chetnaparkashan.com
E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]
Sub Off.: Qila Road, Opp. Bus Stand, KOTKAPURA (Pb.) INDIA
Ph.: 95011-45039, 01635-222651
A.
B.
C.
AB
C.A
AB
C.B
fi
AF
C.B.A - -
AF
C.B.B -
AG
C.B.C -
B@
D.
fi
B@
E.
fi BC
F.
BD
G.
BE
BH
,
(.); +919915709582, [email protected]
A.
z
z
z AE B@AC
,
,
, , , ,
,
z
,
,
:
A.
- -
;
B.
-
/ G
-
, , ,
B.
-
, ()
,
fi
:
-
z z fi
-
- ,
(Unesco, 1953:11)
AIFH ,
(Unesco, 1968:691)
B@@D :
-
( )
(UNDP Report 2004:61)
z
:
/ H
z
() ()
,
(UNDP
Report, 2004:61)
-
, ,
- :
(AIFH, AIGC) ,
-
(AIGE)
,
,
(Tucker, 1977:3)
:
z
z
,
z
,
(Skutnabb-Kangas and Toukomaa, 1976)
:
- fi
-
z
(Tucker, 1977:3)
(AIGG:DE)
E
C@
(Tucker, 1977:3)
,
fi
,
B@@C
fi (,
, , )
(Ricardo Nolasco, 2009)
- fi
fi fi
(Benson, 2009)
:
z (Fofunwa, et.al,
1975) Adegpiya 2003 )
/ I
/ A@
-
-
(Benson, 2004) (
/
)
, -
,
fi
:
,
,
fi
, z ,
,
,
/
,
fi
,
,
,
(Ricardo Nolasco, 2009)
,
,
(Ricardo Nolasco, 2009:11)
- -
,
,
,
/ AA
/ AB
C.
:
C.A
fi
()
( ,
)
(
)
(
)
(
)
:
A@
,
F
,
AB
,
(Paulston, 1977:92-3)
,
/ AC
, :
(Butzkamm)
-
A) ; B)
- ; C)
; D)
fi
; E)
z
z
,
z
-
, ,
,
, , , , , , ,
,
,
(http://
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WolfgangButzkamm)
/ AD
,
,
-
fi
B@@G
B@@H
EB
(
Kavuma, 2009)
B@@I
fi
fi
,
, fi
fi
....
. ...
,
-- ...
(S. Kaur Gill. pp.135-152) (Ammon,
2009)
z
-
-
?
-z
fi
() B@@E
( Benson, B@@E) fi
/ AE
/ AF
C.B fi
C.B.A - -:
- fi ,
z
, ,
, , ,
z -
(Ouane, 2003)
C.B.B -
:
z
(Alexandu, 2003)
,
fi
-
fi
fi
,
fi
:
1.
Haem. A prefix signifying blood.
2.
Haemacyte. A blood cell.
3.
Haemagogue. Medicine that promotes the catamenial and
haemorrhoidal discharges.
/ AG
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
Heam () -
:
A.
Heam
-
B.
Haemacyte
- -
/ AH
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
A@.
AA.
AB.
AC.
AD.
AE.
AF.
AG.
AH.
AI.
Haemagogue
Haemal
Haemalopia
Haemngiectasis
Haemangioma
Haemarthrosis
Haematemesis
Haematin
Haematinic
Haematinuria
Haematocele
Haematocolpos
Haematogenesis
Haematoid
Haematology
Haematolysis
Haematoma
-
/
-
--
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-/
-/,
-
-
-
C.B.C - :
,
fi Phillipson (AIIB)
,
- fi
- E@
, z
(Bruthiaux,
2002) (Carol Benson, 2005)
-
-
fi
-
fi , ,
,
D. fi
fi
-
-
- (
)
B@@@ - H@
z z D@
IE - E
/ AI
/ B@
z
()
,
:
(Stephanie Bell
Rose, The Goldman Sachs Foundation; Vishakha Desai, The Asia
Society, www.)
-
,
(Asia Society News, 2nd
April, 2009, www.)
B@
, BA
(David Graddol, 2000)
, ()
z
,
-
I@
- ( ,
)
/ BA
B@@G
B@@@ A@ (USA Today, 20th November,
2007)
- -
,
(Education Update, 15 March 2013, www.)
z ,
(BBC News (www.), 6th december, 2010)
z -
AII@ C AH
B@@@ - D G@
F@
AIH@ B@AA -
AD@
, D@
-
(Media)
: AIHC - DI
AIIF BB
z -
( ,
, , - (-) )
- z
/ BB
, ,
- ,
, , , -
,
- -
E. fi
,
AIE@
A.GH A.E@
AIE@
z
; D@
(
, , )
,
F.
:
,
,
(McMahon, 1994:285)
z
(Eckert. T. et al, 2006)
fi
(B@@C)
AD ,
,
/ BC
/ BD
(
, , AG, B@AC)
- ( ) :
http://punjabiuniversity.academia.edu/JogaSingh
http://www.punjabicomputer.com/plp.pdf
G.
fi
,
fi fi
fi
fi
-
, , , , ,
, , ,
-
:
z
fi :
1. Thank you so much for this Joga Ji. As a mother of two young
children, reading this has been very enlightening. I have always
planned putting my boys in a private Punjabi school here in
Abbotsford, BC, and now I feel like we are making the right
decision in doing so. Please keep up the amazing work.
Sharanjit Kaur Sandhra, MA, Coordinator, Centre for Indo
Canadian Studies, University of the Fraser Valley.
/ BE
/ BF
z. U U! fl U flU U U U
mU f Ufl U U UU ,
U fl U U
U U h U U U U
U
. U U UU, UC fl , U
S, U-{
6. Dear Joga ji, Thanks for sending a copy of your insightful
article. I really enjoyed reading it.
Dr. Tej K. Bhatia, Professor, Linguistics & Cognitive Sciences
Chancellor's Exceptional Academic Excellence Professor
Faculty Fellow, Forensic Sciences and National Security Institute
312 HBC, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244-1160.
7. Thanks. It has come on time for our present quest.
Prof. Rajesh Sachdev, Language Planning Consultant, Former
Director I/c, Central Institute of Indian Languages,
Manasagangotri, MYSORE - 570 006, Karnataka, INDIA.
8. I am interested in translating this one in Nepali language.
Prof. Dr. Kedar Prasad Poudel, Head of English & Linguistics,
Mahendra Multiple Campus, Dharan -10, NEPAL.
/ BG
:
Alisjabana S. Takdir. 1972. Writing a Normative Grammar for Indonesian.
Language Sciences (Feb. 1972) : 11-14.
_____
1976. Language Planning for Modernization: The Case of
Indonesian and Malaysian. The Hague: Mouton.
Ammon, Ulrich. 2009. Book Review. Medium of Instruction Policies.
Which Agenda? Whose Agenda? by J.W. Tollefson and
A.B.M. Tsui (eds). Mahwah, NJ and London: Lawrence,
Erlbaum, 2004.
Bell, R. T. 1976 Sociolinguistics: Goals, Approaches and Problems. New
York: St. Martins' Press.
Benson, Carol. 2005. The Importance of Mother Tongue-based Schooling
for Educational Quality, Commissioned Study for EFA
Global Monitoring Report. Centre for Research on
Bilingualism, Stockholm University.
Bernstein, B. 1966. Elaborated and Restricted Code: An Outline.
Sociological Inquiry 362:254-61.
_____
1971 Class, Codes and Control: Theoretical Studies
towards a Sociology of Language. Lodon : Routedge &
Kegan Paul.
_____
1974. A Brief Accont of the Theory of Codes. Appendex to
Bernstein 1971.
Boas, F. 1911. Handbook of American Indian Languages. Washington:
Smithsonian Inst.
Bokmla, E & J. Tlou. 1977. The Consequences of the Language Policies
of African States vis-avis Education. In P. Kotey and H.
Der-Houssikian, Language and Linguistic problems of
Africa. Colunbia, SC: Hornbeam press.
/ BH
/ CC
/ CD