Punzalan, Yvonne Claire P.

AB-Psychology 3rd year SEXUAL DISORDERS Female Sexual Arousal Disorder Persistent or recurrent inability to attain, or to maintain until completion of the sexual activity, an adequate lubricationswelling response of sexual excitement. The disturbance causes marked distress or interpersonal difficulty. The sexual dysfunction is not better accounted for by another mental disorder (except another sexual dysfunction) and is not due exclusively to the direct physiological effects of a substance (e.g., a drug of abuse, a medication) or a general medical condition. Male Erectile Disorder Persistent or recurrent inability to attain, or to maintain until completion of the sexual activity, an adequate erection. The disturbance causes marked distress or interpersonal difficulty. The erectile dysfunction is not better accounted for by another mental disorder (other than a sexual dysfunction) and is not due exclusively to the direct physiological effects of a substance (e.g., a drug of abuse, a medication) or a general medical condition. Premature Ejaculation Persistent or recurrent ejaculation with minimal sexual stimulation before, on, or shortly after penetration and before the person wishes it. The clinician must take into account factors that affect duration of the excitement phase, such as age, novelty of the sexual partner or situation, and recent frequency of sexual activity. The disturbance causes marked distress or interpersonal difficulty. The premature ejaculation is not due exclusively to the direct effects of a substance (e.g., withdrawal from opioids). Female Orgasmic Disorder: Persistent or recurrent delay in, or absence of, orgasm following a normal sexual excitement phase. Women exhibit wide variability in the type or intensity of stimulation that triggers orgasm. The diagnosis of Female Orgasmic Disorder should be based on the clinician's judgment that the woman's orgasmic capacity is less than would be reasonable for her age, sexual experience, and the adequacy of sexual stimulation she receives. The disturbance causes marked distress or interpersonal difficulty. The orgasmic dysfunction is not better accounted for by another mental disorder (except another sexual dysfunction) and is not due exclusively to the direct physiological effects of a substance (e.g., a drug of abuse, a medication) or a general medical condition. Male Orgasmic Disorder: Persistent or recurrent delay in, or absence of, orgasm following a normal sexual excitement phase during sexual activity that the clinician, taking into account the person's age, judges to be adequate in focus, intensity, and duration. The disturbance causes marked distress or interpersonal difficulty. The orgasmic dysfunction is not better accounted for by another mental disorder (except another sexual dysfunction) and is not due exclusively to the direct physiological effects of a substance (e.g., a drug of abuse, a medication) or a general medical condition. Vaginismus Recurrent or persistent involuntary spasm of the musculature of the outer third of the vagina that interferes with sexual intercourse. The disturbance causes marked distress or interpersonal difficulty.

The disturbance is not better accounted for by another Axis I disorder (e.g., Somatization Disorder) and is not due exclusively to the direct physiological effects of a general medical condition. Dyspareunia Recurrent or persistent genital pain associated with sexual intercourse in either a male or a female. The disturbance causes marked distress or interpersonal difficulty. The disturbance is not caused exclusively by Vaginismus or lack of lubrication, is not better accounted for by another Axis I disorder (except another Sexual Dysfunction), and is not due exclusively to the direct physiological effects of a substance (e.g., a drug of abuse, a medication) or a general medical condition. Exhibitionism Over a period of at least 6 months, recurrent, intense sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors involving the exposure of one's genitals to an unsuspecting stranger. The fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. Voyeurism Over a period of at least 6 months, recurrent, intense sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors involving the act of observing an unsuspecting person who is naked, in the process of disrobing, or engaging in sexual activity. The fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. Fetishism Over a period of at least 6 months, recurrent, intense sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors involving the use of nonliving objects (e.g., female undergarments). The fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. The fetish objects are not limited to articles of female clothing used in cross-dressing (as in Transvestic Fetishism) or devices designed for the purpose of tactile genital stimulation (e.g., a vibrator). Frotteurism Over a period of at least 6 months, recurrent, intense sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors involving touching and rubbing against a nonconsenting person. The fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. Gender Identity Disorder A strong and persistent cross-gender identification (not merely a desire for any perceived cultural advantages of being the other sex). In children, the disturbance is manifested by four (or more) of the following: repeatedly stated desire to be, or insistence that he or she is, the other sex in boys, preference for cross-dressing or simulating female attire; in girls, insistence on wearing only stereotypical masculine clothing strong and persistent preferences for cross-sex roles in make-believe play or persistent fantasies of being the other sex intense desire to participate in the stereotypical games and pastimes of the other sex strong preference for playmates of the other sex

In adolescents and adults, the disturbance is manifested by symptoms such as a stated desire to be the other sex, frequent passing as the other sex, desire to live or be treated as the other sex, or the conviction that he or she has the typical feelings and reactions of the other sex. Persistent discomfort with his or her sex or sense of inappropriateness in the gender role of that sex.

In children, the disturbance is manifested by any of the following: in boys, assertion that his penis or testes are disgusting or will disappear or assertion that it would be better not to have a penis, or aversion toward rough- and-tumble play and rejection of male stereotypical toys, games, and activities; in girls, rejection of urinating in a sitting position, assertion that she has or will grow a penis, or assertion that she does not want to grow breasts or menstruate, or marked aversion toward normative feminine clothing. In adolescents and adults, the disturbance is manifested by symptoms such as preoccupation with getting rid of primary and secondary sex characteristics (e.g., request for hormones, surgery, or other procedures to physically alter sexual characteristics to simulate the other sex) or belief that he or she was born the wrong sex. The disturbance is not concurrent with a physical intersex condition. The disturbance causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. Transvestic Fetishism Over a period of at least 6 months, in a heterosexual male, recurrent, intense sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors involving cross-dressing. The fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. Sexual Masochism: Over a period of at least 6 months, recurrent, intense sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors involving the act (real, not simulated) of being humiliated, beaten, bound, or otherwise made to suffer. The fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. Sexual Sadism: Over a period of at least 6 months, recurrent, intense sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors involving acts (real, not simulated) in which the psychological or physical suffering (including humiliation) of the victim is sexually exciting to the person. The fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. References: American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fourth edition. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. PERSONALITY DISORDERS Symptoms By Mayo Clinic Staff Types of personality disorders are grouped into three clusters, based on similar characteristics and symptoms. Many people with one personality disorder also have signs and symptoms of at least one additional personality disorder. Cluster A personality disorders Cluster A personality disorders are characterized by odd, eccentric thinking or behavior. They include paranoid personality disorder, schizoid personality disorder and schizotypal personality disorder. It's not necessary to exhibit all the signs and symptoms listed for a disorder to be diagnosed. Paranoid personality disorder

Pervasive distrust and suspicion of others and their motives Unjustified belief that others are trying to harm or deceive you Unjustified suspicion of the loyalty or trustworthiness of others

Hesitant to confide in others due to unreasonable fear that others will use the information against you Perception of innocent remarks or nonthreatening situations as personal insults or attacks Angry or hostile reaction to perceived slights or insults Tendency to hold grudges Unjustified, recurrent suspicion that spouse or sexual partner is unfaithful

Schizoid personality disorder

Lack of interest in social or personal relationships, preferring to be alone Limited range of emotional expression Inability to take pleasure in most activities Inability to pick up normal social cues Appearance of being cold or indifferent to others Little or no interest in having sex with another person

Schizotypal personality disorder

Peculiar dress, thinking, beliefs, speech or behavior Odd perceptual experiences, such as hearing a voice whisper your name Flat emotions or inappropriate emotional responses Social anxiety and a lack of or discomfort with close relationships Indifferent, inappropriate or suspicious response to others "Magical thinking" believing you can influence people and events with your thoughts Belief that certain casual incidents or events have hidden messages meant specifically for you

Cluster B personality disorders Cluster B personality disorders are characterized by dramatic, overly emotional or unpredictable thinking or behavior. They include antisocial personality disorder, borderline personality disorder, histrionic personality disorder and narcissistic personality disorder. It's not necessary to exhibit all the signs and symptoms listed for a disorder to be diagnosed. Antisocial personality disorder

Disregard for others' needs or feelings Persistent lying, stealing, using aliases, conning others Recurring problems with the law Repeated violation of the rights of others Aggressive, often violent behavior Disregard for the safety of self or others Impulsive behavior Consistently irresponsible Lack of remorse for behavior

Borderline personality disorder

Impulsive and risky behavior, such as having unsafe sex, gambling or binge eating Unstable or fragile self-image Unstable and intense relationships Up and down moods, often as a reaction to interpersonal stress Suicidal behavior or threats of self-injury Intense fear of being alone or abandoned Ongoing feelings of emptiness Frequent, intense displays of anger Stress-related paranoia that comes and goes

Histrionic personality disorder

Constantly seeking attention Excessively emotional, dramatic or sexually provocative to gain attention Speaks dramatically with strong opinions, but few facts or details to back them up Easily influenced by others Shallow, rapidly changing emotions Excessive concern with physical appearance Thinks relationships with others are closer than they really are

Narcissistic personality disorder

Belief that you're special and more important than others Fantasies about power, success and attractiveness Failure to recognize others' needs and feelings Exaggeration of achievements or talents Expectation of constant praise and admiration Arrogance Unreasonable expectations of favors and advantages, often taking advantage of others Envy of others or belief that others envy you

Cluster C personality disorders Cluster C personality disorders are characterized by anxious, fearful thinking or behavior. They include avoidant personality disorder, dependent personality disorder and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. It's not necessary to exhibit all the signs and symptoms listed for a disorder to be diagnosed. Avoidant personality disorder

Too sensitive to criticism or rejection Feeling inadequate, inferior or unattractive

Avoidance of work activities that require interpersonal contact Social inhibition, timidity and isolation, especially avoiding new activities or meeting strangers Extreme shyness in social situations and personal relationships Fear of disapproval, embarrassment or ridicule

Dependent personality disorder

Excessive dependence on others and feels the need to be taken care of Submissive or clingy behavior toward others Fear of having to provide self-care or fend for yourself if left alone Lack of self-confidence, requiring excessive advice and reassurance from others to make even small decisions Difficulty starting or doing projects on own due to lack of self-confidence Difficulty disagreeing with others, fearing disapproval Tolerance of poor or abusive treatment, even when other options are available Urgent need to start a new relationship when a close one has ended

Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

Preoccupation with details, orderliness and rules Extreme perfectionism, resulting in dysfunction and distress when perfection is not achieved, such as feeling unable to finish a project because you don't meet your own strict standards Desire to be in control of people, tasks and situations and inability to delegate tasks Neglect of friends and enjoyable activities because of excessive commitment to work or a project Inability to discard broken or worthless objects Rigid and stubborn Inflexible about morality, ethics or values Tight, miserly control over budgeting and spending money

Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder isn't the same as obsessive-compulsive disorder, a type of anxiety disorder.