OXFORD

VNIVEICSITY PR ESS
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First published 2003
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ISBN 0 194386201
Ill ust rat ed by Ken Pyne
Printed in China
Contents
How touse Test it, Fix it 4
Articles (1) 6
Art icles (2) 10
Articles (3) 14
Adjectives and adverbs 18
Word orderwith adjectives 22
Word orderwith adverbs 26
Comparative and su perlativeadjectives 30
Comparat i ve and superlativeadverbs 34
- i ng or-ed? 38
Count able nouns 42
Uncountable nouns 46
Quant ifiers: some, y ~ muchand many 50
Something, anybody, nowhere, everything,etc. 54
Both, all; each, every;either, neither 58
Possessives 62
Preposit ions of time: at, on, in 66
Preposit i ons ofpl ace : in, on, at 70
Quest ions 74
Question tags 78
Shortanswers 82
Useful grammarter ms 86
Test it, Fix it is a seri es of bo oks desi gn ed to help you i dentifyany probl em s
you may have in Engli sh,and to fi x t he probl ems.Each Test it, Fix it book
has t wentytests which conce nt rate on mi st akes commonl y made bylearners .
Tes t it, Fix it has an unusual f ormat .You st an at t he f irst pageofeach unit,
then got o th et hirdpage, then to t he second page.Her e's howit works:
Testit (Firstpa gel
.".....111
0
oFi rstdo Test it. exe rcise 1.
e-
a Then do Test it, exercise2.
9 Go tothe Fix it pageandcheck your
answersbeforeyou do Test it again.
Fixit (Thi rd pagel
--------'-
I.,litltll
An,wcrIto TlMtit
c-.I'dc 't W.
re-n.'Q'IlIO<JI"''''''
oCheckyouranswers.
,1 _1_... ' ...J ...h .. .
.........-
You can fold thepageto c __ ,1' .....,..r
. ..."".. ... t
-w-. ."' '!lI'' ..r:
makeiteasiertocheck.
I --"'- 11l',lI.... ... .,
. ...... ....1 ....". , ...
b... .k1IIff
1.. -..,... 01110.1_1 ..I'

e Wrong answer?Look forthe
--
,
t .,1.. "
' a .. (,r 110. -. ,,' _"'"
OA'h:' ,,, .,,, t,,,,,.; -r-;l
Fix it note letter you need.
...
T,-

.
I Il"<t..
t- .. 0;
h. " ':' .'
I .... 1.1 ."
I ' ...:,.. .

oTo understandwhyyou made ArLlWflfItD it -vaIn
a mistake, read the Fix it note. ... .. If-- - - - - - - - - - - - -
If you needmoreinformation,
readthe Review pageas well.
GNowgo back tot he secondpageand do Test it eqoin.
t, ,
," " ."...
Fixit[Thi rd pagel
CD Check youranswers.
On .v,.. ..
.. -" " ; :::.' ;:...
.t'-_ _ -_. . __ ..
. .._ _u..
..' .. , .._".
........._.., ,._.u
. _ -.
........ ... _ .. .... ,-. . ,. , .... ,
'-' _..,. - .
... - " - -- . ' '
.... ". _
.. ,':..::":' ,--
.......... .. .
,,- .... "

.
_ '.
...'- ,-
'"
.
' ... _ .-
Testit again(Second page)
o Do Test it again, exerci se 1.
oDo Test itagain, exercise2.
Go t o the Fix it page and check your
answers.
"h...., "I...
I. ,' '",'. ,"(Or, r ( . . .. "0
..., .. , I' 0,.. ....,.,r., .
.
L!I' ,',." ' I''' ' .. - I
r-:.. ,..,.., """" 1

Review(Fou rthpage)
4E) You can read t hispageat any
t ime.Itgivesyou extended Fix it
notesand examplesentences.It's
designedtogiveyou a summary
of t he grammaryou needforthe
wholetest.
c
Test it ~
oFind and correctthemistakei n each sentence.
Mike'swearing ared socks. f Some childr en wear an
( uni for mat school .
b
\ \' c sa wa film vc -xtc-rrlav-
a fi lm was about a sp:'.
9
I'm sure your books
h
ar ein akitchen.
d \\'ould YO\l likea banana
or a orange?
e Ilov ewatching asun
Hey, look! I' ve
gotan fetterl
rise in the morni ng.
f)Write a, an or the wherenecessary.
a Homo sapiens i s mostintell igent species on the pl anet .
b I met very interesting womantoday.
c Di d vou f ill the car up with .... ..petrolyesterday?
d The dog's barking at .... __ . moon again.
e Havea looki n fridge.Ithink there's some milkl eft.
That's an interest ing bir d - bird with t he bluetailfeat hers.
9 Wow! You'vegot l ot sof DVDs.
h Isthat reall y camel Ican see overthere?
Jeff's opt ician.
Haveyou got garageat your house?
CEQ]
Test it again
oMatch t he t w o halves of each sent ence.Add a, an orthe where necessary.
a Get i nto bed.I'vegot
b The st orms last nightwere
c It hi nk they' re
d Oh, no! I'vegot
e How much i s
f Apparent ly,from space
9 Pet e,there's
h Which i sit? A squi d or
Nick'sj ust bought
Look! Can you see it? Ther e's
f)Find and correctf ive mistakes.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
oct opus?
oi l on myfavouriteshirt.
email fo r you.
motorbike.
fox in t hegarden.
bees but t hey may be w asps.
eart h l ooks blue.
bl ack jacket in t he wi ndow?
newst oryt o read t o you.
worst we've had foryear s.
a I In Bads ey town centreyesterday, <l mall II-. l ' anexud1'0 1' l l l l ~ g i l l g a \ l l l l ~
womun. :\ wo mau lI'a, att acked ;\sshe left the posl " ni ce in Redford Road .
c
then ewj ob?
Are you looking for b
\Vlt ynot .in i n
- Liddle lnsurancee-s-
\Vc p;lyhos t rates!
~
Fix it notes
A
Don'tuse aor an wit h uncountable
nouns.
B
Don't use a or an w it h pl ur al noun s.
C
Use a (not an)beforeaconsonant
sound.Use an (not a)before avowel
sound.
o
Use aor an when you ment ion
someth ing fort he fi rst time.
E
Use thewhen you ment ion something
fort he second ti me.
F
Use thewhen it 's obviouswhi ch person
or t hi ng yo u' re talki ng about.
G
Use thewh en the t hi ng you' re t alki ng
aboutis unique: th ere's onl y one of
them.
H
Use the wit hsuperlative adj ect ives.
For mor e informa ti on ,see the
Review page opposite.
, ,r:>
Art icles (1)
oReview
Articles (1)
Inthis bookt hereare three unitsonarticles.Articles (1) helpsyouto choose
between a,an or the.Articles (2) dea ls mostly w ith the definite article, the, and
tells you when you shouldn'tuse an article at all. Art i cles (3) showsyou when to
use articleswith common expressions.
A and an
You usethe indefiniteart icle a (notan) before aconsonantsound. You usethe
i ndef i nit earticle an (not a) before avowel sound.
15 thatacamel? He wearsa uniform. Ilivein a house.
Ilivein an oldhouse. Wouldyou like an orange? I'lltake an umbrella.
Youdon't use a or an with uncount able nounsor plural nouns.
Can yousmellgas? I'm wearingredgloves.
You use a or an whenyou mentionsomethi ng forthe first time.
A boywas walkingdown the streetwhen suddenlyhe sawan elephant.
Would you like to goandsee a film tonight? (Anyfilm, nota particularf ilm.)
The
You use the when you menti on something for a second t ime.
A boywas walkingdownthe street. Suddenlythe boysawan elephant. The
elephantwas enormous.
You use the when the person you're talkingtoknowswhich person orthi ng
you'retalking about.
Can Ispeakto the manager?(The manager ofthisshop.)
Your booksare in thekitchen. (You knowwhich kitchen.)
You use the whenthe person orthing you'ret al ki ng about is unique.(There's
onlyone.)
WhenI was little, Igavesomeflowers to the Queen.
The moonlooksbeautifultonight. Ilove watchingth esun godown.
You use the with superlati ve adj ect ives.
Thechoo tst: is tho tnst ost nnimnl on enrth, You'm the nicest person Iknow.
Test it
o Choose t he best option, A or B.
a I' m .
A ateacher B t eacher
b Could youopen ?I'm hot.
A thewi ndow B window
c Jeffwant sto climb .
A t he MountEverest B Mount Ever est
d Do you enjoy listening to ........?
A music B the music
e I spent my chi ldhoodi n .......
A the Belgium B Belgium
We'r egoing ski ing in ..
A Alps B the Alps
9 Jack'sgot ..
A the loud voice B a l oud voice
h Mydoctorsays is bad foryou.
A sal t B t he sal t
Can you pass me ,please?
A sal t B t he salt
Mybrot her speaks .
A the French B French
eChoose t hebest option.
a The Dr Smith/DrSmit h wasa l ect urerat Lon don Uni versity.
b Tom van Vuren comes fr om the Netherlands/ Net herl ands.
c The clown had big red nose/a big red nose.
d I'vealwaysloved Itali an/t heItalian.It'ssuch a musical language.
e Stephen, th e children/children are ready to go to school.
f Do you eat t he chicken/ch icken or ar e you veg etarian?
9 Haveyou everbeen t o Lake Orta/the LakeOrta?It's ve ry beautiful.
h We're staying at Sheraton Hotel/the Sheraton Hotel t on ight.
Ni cholas is an architect/ archi tect, isn't he?
I thi nk th e Li a/ Li a is avery prettybaby.
Test it again
o Compl et et he sentences.Use a, an or the where necessary.
a You real ly have got l ovely smile!
b Sarah want sto sai l on Ni le.
c I' m spendi ng New Year's Eve in Brussel s.
d Can you pass me wat er?
e All livingcreat ures need water.
I do n' t like .......... fish . Too ma ny bo nes!
g Mireia comesfrom .... . .Spain, doesn't she ?
h ..._.Chinese is a difficultlanguaget o learn.
Joewant sto be .......... airlinepilot.
.......Taj Mahal is an amazing buil ding.
aFin d and correct twelve mistakes in t hesedialogues.
a Tim: Dan, do you want sugar in your coffee?
Dan : Yes, please .Iknowt hesugar's bad foryour teet h but Ihate the
coffeewi thout it. The Dr Rawstornet el ls meto gi ve it up eve ry t ime
Isee him.
b Carol:
Wow! This gu idebook i s great. Have you eve r been lip Eiffel Tower?
Ni ck: No. i nfact I'venever been to the France.Pass me guidebook,
please.
c Harry: The dictionariesare so expensi ve these days!
Sally: Yes, Iknow, but bookscost alo t t o make, don'tthey?
d Pete: I'vedecided Idon't wa nt to be pol it ici an after all.
Jill: Good.Idon'tlike the poli t iciansanyway.
o Vi ct or: The Davi d is going t o United Statessoonto study economics.
Sarah: Oh. yes, Iremember.He's going t o the NewYork, isn' t he?

Fix it notes
A
Use aor anbefore a noun or before an
adj ect ive +noun t o describe somethi ng
ort o say what someons' sjobis.
B
Use the when the person you'retalking
to knowswhich person or thing you're
talking about.
C
Don'tlisean article whenyou'retalking
aboutthings in ageneral way, e.g.
chicken,music, salt.
o
Don't lise an article to talkabout a
person, a language or most places,
incl udi ng the nameofacountry,
a mountainoralake.
E
Use the wit h the namesofplacesthat
are pl ural; the names of deserts,seas ,
rivers and oceans; and the namesof
most buildings.
For:n
ore
see the 1[>
Review pageopposite.
Ar t icles (2)
oReview
Articles (2)
A and an
You use aor an to describethingsand to say what someone'sjobis.
This is a goodbook. Helen is an editor. NOT /-IefeR is editor.
'h
You use the whent he person you'retalkingto knowswhich person orth ing
you'r etalking about.
Could you passmethe salt?(The saltthat's on t hetable.)
Your glassesare in the car. (It's ourcar. You knowwhich one Imean.)
You use the with the namesofplaces thatare plural, e.g. the UnitedStates,
tileNetherlands;the UnitedArabEmirates. You also use thewith the namesof
mostdeserts,seas, rivers and oceans,and witht he namesofmostbuildings.
Robin lives in the UnitedStates. She sailedacrossthe Pacific.
It's veryhotin the NegevDesert. Ifoundthe bookin the British Library.
Note, however, thatthereare exceptionst o this rule. You don't use the with the
names of buildingswhichincludethe words school, universitv, college;castle,
palace;airport. station, e.g. London University, Topkapi Palace; FrankfurtAirport.
No article
You don't usean article(a, an or the) whenyou'retalking aboutt hings in
general. If you use an art icle,you change the meaning.
Ilike milkbutIdon'tlike fish.(All milk and all fish.)
lease passme the milk.(The milk that' son thetable. )
Childrenare adorable.(Allchildren.)
The childrenare adorable. (Ourchildren.)
You don'tuse an articlewi th languagesor withthe namesof mostplaces.
PaddyspeaksFrench. NOT speakstheFreneh.
We like Lake Como. NOT We like the-l::a,xe Como.
Note, however, that thereare exceptionsto thisrule.YOLI use the wi t h the
names of placeswhich includewordssuch as kingdom, sultanate, republic, e.g.
'IraRopubticofIreland, and withverybig partsoftheworld, e.g. The Far East.
You don't usa nn article bofore people's namesor before Mr, Ms, Mrs,Miss,
Or, Ptotessot, etc, nnd the parson's nama.
limyh; //IY 1>0UI (, itmd. NOI Tile TOI/Y is mybes/ -friel/fi.
. _ _ . '- - - ! -
Test it ~
oChoosethecorrectsentencein each pair.
a John's in t he hospi tal because he' s broken his leg.
b John'sin hospital because he' s broken his l eg.
c What funny boyyou are!
d What afunnyboyyou are!
e We'll have a salad for l unch.
We'll have asalad forthe lunch.
9 We're goingto Lon don by the car.
h We're goi ng to Lon don by car.
To getto Broad Street,take the seco nd turni ng on the left.
Toget to Broad St reet, take t he seco nd turni ng on left.
f)Write a, an or the wherenecessary.
a MickeyJames is i n . . prison again.
b Hey, look ! Mywatch is same as yours!
c Emma's onlyfi ve and she can alreadycount t o hundred .
d Thechildren go to school by bus.
e Would you like t o win milliondollars?
f .J ulian! What amazing surprise!
9 What do you want for breakfast?
h Patrick Leig h Fermortra velled from London to Istanbulon foot .
Sandy 'sworking as assistantunt il she goesto Australia.
Takethe t hird t urning on rig ht.
Test it again
o Find and correctthemistake in each sentence.
iI David always uses I hate travelling by
his pen asspoon. the plane.
C'I
II
b co un ted t ho usa nd coins 9
Whydon'tyou ring Fiona?
i ll fi ftee n minutes: Ithinkshe's atthe home.
~ . . .
h The kidslove going
c Do youwant to have
to cinema.
thedinner wit h me?
Ican't seeyouonSaturday
d You and 111(' - we ' re same becauseI'm going to the work.
typt' of" people.
You turnthe li ght soff ! Idon't
wanttogetoutofthe bed.
Mnt ch the two hal ves of each sentence. Add a, an or the wherenecessary.
Do you ever go t o 1 helicopter.
b The post office is over there on 2 waiterat t he moment .
c Wo often go to t he beach in 3 hospit al.
tl Most people dislike being in 4 chur ch?
I' m busy.I' ve got 5 June.
Hnr ry! What 6 ........ .. lunch we'll play foot ball.
He's working as 7 . . '" coast more than the mountains.
h They do mountain rescues by 8 million thi ngst o do.
Altor 9 surpriset o see you again!
Iliko 10 right next to the bank.
~ ~
Fix it notes
A
Use thebeforesome common
expressi ons, e.g. theleft, the rig ht,
the same.
B
Don'tusean article wit hsome
common expressions relating to
particular places, e.g. in bed, at home,
in hospital, in prison, to work.
C
Don'tuse an article with meals, days,
months, or wi th holi days,fest ival s and
specialdays.
D
Use a or an before a singular countable
nounaft er as.
E
Don'tusean article wit h methodsof
tr ansport ,e.g. bybus, bycar, on foot.
F
Use aor anbefore asingularcountable
noun inexclamations with What ... !
G
Use abefore hundred, thousand.
million when vou mean ' one hundred' ,
'o net housand' ,etc.
For morei nf ormat i on,see t he
Review page opposit e.
, J>
Articles (3)
Review
Articles (3)
A and an
You use aor an before sing ul ar countable no uns afte r as.
I'm using mysparebedroomasan office.
Jane's workingas an assistantin the doctor 'ssurgery. NOT as assistant
You use aor an beforesi ngularcount ablenouns in excl amati onst hat start
with What.
Whatasurprise! Whatan amazingcar! Whata funnydream!
You use abefore til ewords hundred, thousand, million, billion, etc.when you
111 0an 'o ne hundred', 'onet ho usand', et c.
Jill's won a hundred euros. Athousandyears ago therewas a forest here.
You use the befo re some common exp ressions, e.g.the same, thecinema,
the theatre, theri ght, the left, the top, thecoast, etc.You need to learn t hese .
You'rewearingthe samejacketas me. ShaJJ we got o the ci nema?
Mybouse is on the left.
rticle
YOIidon 't use an articlewith some commonexpressio ns relat ing to
partic ular places.
(0, inor out of: bed, church, hospital , pr ison
(lI, ator fr om: coll ege, school , universit y,work
Huh willbein prison forsixmonths. NOT in th e pri son
Wolearnta lotat schooltoday. NOT at t he school
Ili kegoing to work. NOT tfie--wefk-
YUIidon't use an articlewith meals,days, months,holidays,festivals and
pucial days.
Iat's hovelunch loge/her. Ihat eMondays. My1?irthday'sin June.
II ItJ ki ds loveChristmas. We alwayshaveapartyon NewYear'sDay.
YOIi don 't li sefi n artlcle with meth ods of tr ansport.
IpI/I to workhytrni n. Hol en l oves goingever ywhere on foor.
II'IfII"ickl1lbyem. Tl w PrimaMillis/ a( tr nvel sbyptnne.
Test it ~
oFiveof t hesesentencesar e incorrect.Fin d andcorrectt hem.
a St eve hit t he ball hard. Rabbit f ur feel ssoft ly.
9 We sawtwobeautifuls
b You're aperson nice.
sunsetslastweek.
c Harryisadog black.
h Did you get up \'('I
J
'early?
d The Economistis a
weekly magazine. Buysomegreen apples.
e This curry tastes wonderful. Ibought today acar.
eChoosethecorrectsentencei n each pair.
a Mal co lm speaks well Italian.
b Mal colm speaks It ali an well.
c That perf ume sme ll swonderful I
d That perfumesmells wonderf ully!
e Akit t en is acat young.
Akitten is a youngcat.
9 Th ey t est weekly th e fir e alarms.
h They t est t he fire alarmsweekly.
Iread fi ve good books on holiday.
Iread fi vegoodsbooks on holiday.
C@]
est it again
oSolve t hecluestocompletethecrossword .Use thewordsbelow.
Ilf/rl badly easy easily good well
slow slowl y soft softly strange strangely
Across
2 The hairdressercut myhair .......... yesterday.
3 Thesoup tastes What' s i n it ?
5 Our Fre nch examwas quite .
Have you seen any fi lmsrecentl y?
8 Myrabbit has whitefur.
OBliger. Drive , , .
11 Nick i sa . ., . reader buthe loves
hooks.
Down
1 You' re talk ing
6
Hnve you go t to ot hache?
The meat smells ..... .
;5
--.- - .
Let' sthrowit away.
Icnn drinkthree
lltr osofwat er aday.
' Don' t worry: she said
111 l' hi erry Herve played
foull y in th e
Ill /Itch.
hnolQt ho best opti on .
(' /l lrickhashai r blond/blond hair.
It Suedidn' t enj oy muchthe film/the f il m much.
You lookang ry/ angril y- what'sw rong ?
" VIGkyshout ed loudly/loud.
Ihu Alpsnro very snowys/s nowy in w inter.
I hu musicsounds cheo rful/cheerf ull y.
I Th ai tuntlon i ssertous/serlouslv,
II Dnn' t drivo BO flllJl/rnstiy.
1'.1/Tlnuni ~ II pnpor daily/d olly paper.
11111'1 I rllll l f ll cl'lllci oll s/dolicl oll lly
[ In]
Adjectives and adverbs
Review
Fix it notes
djectives and adverbs A
Put adject ives before (notafter) nouns
or pronouns. die ct ives
You use adjectivestosay more aboutanoun or a pronoun.Adjectivesgo
B
before(notafter) th enoun or pronoun.
Adj ectivesdon't changetheirform with
lie'saman. He's aniceman. NOT He's-tt-ffltffHffee.
singular or plural nouns.
IIMfY'Sadog. Harry'sablackdog. NOT Herrvis B doeblack.
C
YOIl don'tchanget he form of anadjectivewithsingularor plural nouns.
Put adject ives (not adverbs)aftert hese
If's nn interestingbook. These are interesting books. NOT fftlefestifttjs-
verbs:appear;be,become, feel, get,
Thoseshoes are cheap. NOT eheep
l ook, seem, smell ,sound, tast e.
YOIlputadjectives after (notbefore)t heseverbs:appear; be, become, feel ,get,
o
luok,seem, smell,sound, taste.
Don 't put adverbs betweentheverb
looktired. NOT You.tired-look.
and the ob ject. Usually put them at th e
III"tseemseasy. NOT -That eaBy-seems.
end oft hesentence.
YOIlusean adject ive (notan adverb) afterthese verbs:appear; be, become, feel ,
E
'til , look, seem, smell,sound, taste.
Earlyand lat e; fast and hard; daily,
111f/ tiresdsmellswonderful. NOT -W8RtferftJl/ y
weeklyand monthlyare adject ives and
I)II/I!! OWmilktaste bad? NOT -hat#y-
adverbs.
1111 l or m mostadverbs by addi ng Iy to theadjective.
For mor ei nfor mat i on,see the
II/IId... quickly
Revi ew page opposite.
/III/Iy ualn.
JIIr I
, ,[:>
Ihl l 1m careful , Some adverbs are i rregular.
/ 1l 11I/ well She'sagoodrunner. She runs well.
IIII/d hnrd Diggingis hardwork. He works hard.
1111 11(11' adverbsto say moreaboutverbs.Adverbstell you how,where, when
III IJIIW muchsomething happens. You usually put them at the end of the
uutnnce.You don'tpu t t hem bet weenthe verband its ob ject.
I lillyfir/II deliciouspizmshere. NOT Thev-eett-heredeliciouspizzas.
Ft onch well. Nor Youspeak wellFrench.
melmontniv con be adjectives
I{Jil t III) omlv.
11111 nlll""rlilily
Word order with adjecti ves
Test it again Test it ~
oPilI theadjectivesin t he correct order bef orethenouns. oFi nd and correct any sentences that are wrong.
a I saw a wh ite li lliemouse nicky issmall, fair
in thekitchen. and blue-eyed.
b Katy li ves i n a small mod ern g (

It wast heth i rd big surprise

flat nearthetown cent re. '. of t he day.
-- <s:
-,
c Veili re isan old
h Please buy melarg e two
beautiful city.
bottles of milk.
The i mport ant is t hatIl ove you. .
d yuckl Thishorrible tastes!
It wasajourney tiring.
e Jim gave me a grey cotton sca rf.
eChoosethecorrectsentence i n each pai r.
a You ti red lo ok. k What anice li tt le boy!
b You l ook ti red. I What a litt le nice bo y !
c You need l ar ge twoeggs. m It good t ast es!
d You need tw o large eggs. n It t ast es good!
e An It alian l eat her handbag. o Th ey' re football black boots .
A l eather Italian handbag. p Th ey' re black foot ball boots .
9 The poor boy is i l l. q He's tall , t hin and blond.
h The poori si l l. He' stall ,t hin, blond.
She dri ves ati ny whit e car. s He's got fi ve Si amese cats .
She dri ves a whit e t i ny car. t He's got Siamese f ive cat s.
Nepa lese/red/beaut if ul scar f
II t all /thln/bl ue-eve d man
I: big/first mat ch
II cycl i ng/ bl ue/l vcra short s
Belgian/hot/d el icious chips
I Il1IlIet/si lk/pink shoes
,I :lcar y/ French fi l m
II Gen nan/ shepherd/ da nqe rou s dog
I IIl Il II /fi ft h emai l
, vull ow/seven/t inv ducks
1' llIlo. " the corr ect option, A or B.
I huuu ht . ..... musicbox.
,IOVI:l y Italian Ban It ali an l ovely
I, II,'" ~ I a ...car.
bl /l d huge sport s B hugeblack sports
11 11,1'" tho .... t hi ng you' ve sai d !
lil pid third B th i rd stupid
,I IIIVII ill ,..... house.
1\ nn old sto ne Ba stone old
III/I l W ~ I : ; .. cu rr y !
1\ ,.aplcv exce l lent B an excell ent spicy
'/Ill
l\ l ll' (JIII unhappy B unhappy seem
tI i.uultl vou pass methe ......... ruler?
1\ 1I1111 " ll on9 B long metal
It 11111" lIlIn looks .
f\ 11 \1111 1I 11 nny B li gh t and sunny
W IJ 1Il/lld fI dictionary.
f1 Hlcl l; f uncl1 B French good
.fllllff 11\ . . rabbit.
l\ ~ l urlurnhlu li tt l o Dutch B a Dut ch littl e adorable
CEQ]
LJ2O]
Fix it notes
A
Put adjectives describingsize, length or
height before otheradjectives butafter
adjectivesdescribing opi ni on.
B
Put adjectives describingcol our, origin,
mater ial and purpose in that ord er.
C
Put adjectivesdescribing opinion, e.g.
beautiful, before any otheradject i ves.
o
Put numbers bef or eadj ectives.
E
Ad ject ives go before (notaft er)a noun.
Always putanoun,e.g. thing, boy,
aft er an adjectiveexcept in special
cases.
F
Put adject ivesaft er (notbefore) these
verbs: appear, be, become, feel , get,
loo k, seem, smell , sound and tast e.
G
Use and bef ore thelast adjecti ve if you
use two or moreadj ect i ves afte r
appear,be, become, feel, getl ook,
seem,smell, soundand tast e.
For moreinformat ion,seethe
Review page opposit e.
I J>
Word order wi th adjectives
Review
Word order with adjectives
11 '11 i mpossi bleto gi ve exact rules f orword orderwith adj ect ives in Engl ish because
I IHIre are ma ny except ions. However,there are someguidelinesth at will help you
1'1choosethe correct word orderin mostcases.Generall y youdon'tuse moret han
II l! lw adjec ti vestogether in thesame sentence.
You usually putadject ives thatdescribeyouropinion before any other
tloctives,
otui'shandsome,sl im andfair-haired. Whatan adorablelittlebaby!
You use adj ect ivesthatdescribesize,length or heightbefore adjectivesthat
c1 rJRCribecol our,origin,material or purpose.
II' i ':;(Jo/ a bi g rednose. That's a smallDutchrabbit. It's a longsilkscarf.
II " drivesablack racingcar.
You useadjecti vesthatdescribe colour, or igin, material or purposein that
uulur,
Il w:JfJ nre green Alsatianglassdrinkingcups.
141/1 is " brown German shepherddog.
1111 pili number sand wordslike first,second, last, etc. before adjectives.
/III 1111 rl uo tomatoes. That's the lastboringpartyI' m goingto.
tllOlIIVll ll (10 befor e(notafter) anoun.Don 't use an adjective on its own.
" (I IIIIIU wnlk: NOT Jt!s-B-wa-lk-Jong.
11111 III1IJIJItnnt thingis thatwe loveeach other. NOT +he-imonFtant is that ...
II,,,,fltlm {li'"is unwell. NOT -The-poor is unwell.
NlI l lt. You can use an adjectivewithout anoun in special cases, e.g. the elderly,
111ft I/lUII, tha unemployed, the young,etc. In these cases,you' retalkingabout a
JII II' P 0 1peopl eand you'reusingtheadjective as anoun.
1/" "f I",li ly rnises money forthepoor.(Poor people as agroup.)
III II lId ll11l ll vI;lSnft er (not before) these verbs:appear,be, become, feel, get, l ook,
Til.'W/II ,fI, smell and taste.
I '"II/Ilk uonutitut! Heseemshappy. I feel tired. NOT -I-ti red-fee/.
'"" Tl fl fJlI lII, bu, become, feel, get, look, seem, sound,smelland taste,you use
,,"l ml nru lh olnst f1 cljacl ivo if vou li sa two or moreadjocti vos i n thesame
1I111111.1t If vou lisethr oe adinctivea, vou put 11 cnnuun alterti m Iirst adjecti ve.
II 'lJi"' ","/Ct' IlIIlISI /icy. YOII look
Are youusual lv cheerful?
I never want to dothi s agai n.
Sinum (";111 hel p vo u Jlr,)ba b h .
She doesn't very well ride a bike.
h
9
f
\\
, .
( ' ' Ollll' lllill" goout II I ')
. I I I' , {;llll d lll.
The cake is over cooked totall y.
Do you gotothetheatreever?
(

Ghoose t hebest opti on, A or B.
Do you me?
A still l ove B l ove still
h Fi ona doesn' t have a sense ofhumour.She .
A lauphs never B neve r l aughs
=i ni sh yourhomeworkquickly. Supper is ......
A nlrnost ready B ready almost
tI No one enjoyed .
A much the play B t he pl ay much
Wow at ch .
V a l ot B a l ot TV
lluwlong haveyou ?
A thure li ved B li ved there
II 1l,.I)hitH, .....
A 1111. fll S I B f ast run
10 V, ll i l ook .
A uxtt umel v happy B happyextremel y
ItI l '
tumorrow go out B goout tomorrow
11 11 IIiliti S .
A VllI Y loudly B l oudlyvery
II
,: Wi ll Isee youtomorrow?
II Kei t h doesn't oft en comer ound.
o hveof thesesentencesare i ncorrect .Fi nd and corre ctthem.
Test it Test it again
o Chooset he correct sentence i n each pair.
a He ofte n f orget s t o r i ng me.
b Hef orgets often to ring me.
c She didn't li ke much thefi l m.
d She di dn'tlike t he fi l m much.
e The report i s f i nished complet ely.
The report i s co mpletely finished.
9 Ispeak It ali an badl y.
h Ispeak badly It ali an.
Did you see Mart ina yest erday ?
j Didyou yest er day see Mart i na?
k Ifeel sad very.
I If eel verysad.
m We always have l ived here.
n Wehavealways live d her e.
o They make herewon derf ul sand wiches.
p They makewond erful san dwiches here.
q Have you studiedalwaysat this school?
Have you alwa ys st ud ied at th is school ?
s "II probab ly see you on Friday.
t I' ll see you probably on Fr iday.
ePutt he adverbsi n t he correctplaces .
a Pet e and Sue are married. (happi ly)
b Dav id gets up earl y. (always)
c Have you got your dog? (still)
d Ienjoyedthefil m. (a l ot )
e We'releaving. (t oday)
f He f eel s il l. (t er r i bl y)
9 You l eftyourbook. (t here)
h Tom pl ays t he drums. (well)
I' ll ri ng you t omorro w. (definit ely}
Ton y kno wst he answer. (probably)

f) Fix it notes
A
Put adverbs offrequency,e.g. often,
and certainty, e.g. probably, bef ore
mostverbs.
B
Put adverbs offrequency, e.g. always,
and certainty, e.g. definitely,after
auxiliaryverbs andtheve rb be.
C
In questions, putadverbs off requency,
e.g.always, after auxil iary+subject.
D
Put adverbs ofquantity, e.g. much, at
t he end oft he sentence (not between
theverb and it s object ).
E
Put adver bs of place, e.g. here,at t he
end of t he sentence (not betweenthe
verb and it s object) .
F
Put adverbs oftime, e.g. yesterday,at
theend ofthe sentence (not between
theverb and its object) .
G
Put adverbs ofmanner,e.g. badly,at
th e end ofth e sentence (not between
thever b and its object) .
H
Put ad verbs before (not after) an
adj ective or a pastparticip le.
For moreinlonna tio n. see the
Hov l owP fl UU uppoui tu.
L>
Word orderwith adverbs
Review
Word order with adverbs
Di ffe rent kindsofadverb,forexampleadverbs offrequency such as alwaysor
ulverbs ofmannersuch as badly, goin differentpositionsin a sentence.
~ ) m e goat the end ofthe sentence butothersgo neartheverb.
dverbs of frequency and certainty
You use adverbs offrequency, e.g . never, often, sometimes,etc. and adverbs
ofcert ai nt y, e.g. certainly, definitely,probably, etc . before mostverbs.
Wenevergosailing. I oftengorunning. He definitelylikespizza.
You use adverbsoffrequencyand certainty afterauxiliaryverbs, e.g. can, do,
hnve. must, will, etc. and afterthe verb be.
/can oft en beathimat chess. She has probablybeen therebefore.
III quest ions, you use adverbsoffrequency and adverbs like stilland everafter
III aux il i ary + subject .
Do you oftengoout? Does he stilllove me? Have you everseen him?
verbs of manner, place, quantity and time
You usual ly use adverbs ofmanner, e.g. badly, well;adverbsofplace, e.g . here,
there; adverbs ofquantity,e.g. abit, a lot, much;and adverbs oft ime, e.g.
(or/ny, yesterday, at theend ofthesentence. Neverputthese adverbs between
I verband its object.This is a verycommon mistake.
YO/l speakEnglish well. NOT eu-speak-well-English:
I/laysellstampshere. NOT They-sell -here-stamps;
W(J likedthe restaurantalot. NOTWe-liked-alotthe-restaurant;
JIt/sleaving the housetoday. NOT -He!s-/eaving-today-thehouse.
rbs before adjectives and past participles
YIIII putadverbs before (notafter) an adjective or a past participle.
11m hookis nearlywritten. NOT -The-book-is-writ ten-nettf/y.
\ '1)/1 lookextremelytired. NOT You-icok-tired-extremetv.
--
Test it
oFindand co rre ct themistake in each sentence.
a My brother i sintelli genter Whichskyscraper is the
tha n I am. highest of the wor ld?
g t\Ltrk fi lll is Sp ;lll ls h l'<lsycl
b Theblue whale isthe
10 k.uu 111,11 1 l r.rl i.m.
animal the biggest.
h Todaywas the hot est
c Icel and is co lderEngland.
day of the year.
d Nic k is 1ll00T ki nd t han Aliso n.
Isabell e ist he mor ebeaut if ul
personI've met.
e This is the mostgood f i lm
I' ve everseen !
f)Writethecomparat iveandsuperlat ivef orms of these adject ives.
comparative superlative
a nast y
b nice -_. _--.- " ---- ,
c handsome
d we t
e far
C@]
Comparative and superlat ive adjec t ives
Test it again
oChoose the bestoption,A or B.
a Are oysters than mussel s?
A moretasty B tast ier
b Ski ing is excit ing sport i nt heworld.
A t hemost B amost
c That' st hebest paint ing t he art gal lery.
A i n Bof
d You' ret he ..... .per son I know.
A funni er B f unni est
e Isancient Greek more difficult Latin?
A as Bthan
Which i s ,Africa orAsia?
A hater B hotter
9 A cat canj ump t hanadog.
A higher B more high
h Michael i s person to ask.
A best B the best
She was much than It houghtshe would be.
Asi l lyer Bsilli er
Who is ?Kat eorJudit h?
A fi tt er B moref itter
ind and correct fivemistakesi n theheadl ines.
Crowsar emoregoodtoolmakersthan chimpanzees.J.-

b IT'SOFFICIAL: Beckham is best footbaJler of the world.
c Is this thediscoverythegreatest?
E cl xcl usi vel The wor ld's older III WI roaches 777
01
bi r rhdav.
f) Fix It It
A
MakethoC( Jlll p l ll nllvll IlII d
ofone-svl luhlu Iltl l" ot lvll lIlJl1ding in e
by addi nq r' mel III IIIr other one-
syllabic mlloCllvuli IHleiIII /lnd est.
B
Makethe cOlllp' II,,,,tlvo ri ll d suoer l at ive
oftwo-syllnhl a llelll j Gllvunundinq in y
by changino yto IlIIldIHl ding erand
est. For othortwo ndject ives
and longeradl ucrlvo s, IIC l d moreand
the mostbeforo 11m /IC Ij "c.li ve.
C
Doublethe last \olltl! of ad ject ivestha t
end in onevowel I onu con sonant.
thenadd erand est.
D
Someadjectives haveir regul ar
comparat ive and superlativeforms.
E
Afterasuperlative use in (not of) with
asingularword for a place or a group.
F
Use than after acomparat ive adjective
and the beforea superlative adjective.
G
Put comparative and superlative
adjectives before t he noun.
For morei nformati on,see t he
Revie w page opposite.
I ,[:>
Comparative and superlative adjectives
oReview
Comparat ive and superlative adjectives
You makethe comparativeand superlativeof one- syllable adjecti ves ending
i n e by adding rand st. You maket he comparativeandsuperlativeofother
one-syllable adjectivesby adding erand est.
nice nicer the nicest fast faster the fastest
You need to double the lastlett er ofadjectivesthatend in one vowel+one
consonant, t hen add er and est .
big bigger thebiggest hot hotter the hottest
fat fatter the fattest thin thinner the thinnest
You makethe comparative and superlativeoftwo-syllable adjectives ending
in y by changing yt o i and adding er and est.
easy easier the easiest tasty tastier thetastiest
You makethe comparativeand superlative of othertwo-syllableadjectivesand
l onger adjectives by adding moreand the mostbeforet he adjective.
borinq moreboring themostboring
i nteresting moreinteresting the mosti nteresting
Someadjectiveshavean i rregu l arcomparat ive and superlativeform.
You needto l earn these.
good better the best far further the furthest
bad worse theworst little less theleast
much/many more the most
You use thanafteracomparat ive adjectiveand thebeforeasuperlative
adjective.
You're tallerthan me. Johnis the tallestin the class.
YOllputth ecomparativeorsuperlativeadjectivebefore(notafter) t he noun.
Til eelephantis the biggest landanimal. NOT =:-the-Iand-ani mal-thebiggest.
Nnte:You do n' t use ofw i th a singular word for a placeoragroup,e.g. the world,
II'"class, the team.You use in.This is averycommonmistake.
I" uiocheetah the fastest animal in the world? NOT . of the-world.
1Ir,(}is the best student in t heclnss, NO I .. . ofti mC11l8S.
.. .
-i#.'
anct',superlltlv.
.
1
est it
oCompl etethesent enc es.Usethe cornpnrntlve UI
'n"" IIIth
adverbs in brackets.
III"II ,111110I 1Id.1l1
t
l (hnrd)
a Rich ar d' sclever, butBobwor ks ..
lilly)
b They al l dancedwell , butEll en danced ...
c Marydrives th an Andrea. tbad l v)
d You gethigh mar ks t han Ido.(0111111 1
e Coul d yo u co me ..__ than t en?It'll o l t l " I I 1' 11'1. (' " Ii1y)
e Fi nd andcorrecttenmistakeson the webpaq s.
E.k Edt \':".. F",,-onI 1001> !;jEt>
.;.. e. -d..... :ii'-:::! 1-, ')' J im
"' ] ("Go l ll*.'S
I>,jdl<:, ... . .
:,-, Animal
...'""'" . -II
FAQs
I!
._ - , \ . ... S';2'


a Can tortoises wal kfast er t urt l es?
b Ofall th e birdsin t he worl d, which bi rd si ng s th o boat
c Do otheranimals wake up more earl y t hanbi rds or nr o birds the
f i rst to wake up?
d Which ani mal eats more greedi ly - a lion,a ti ger or a leopard?
e Do w or ker bees reall y w or k harderthan otherbees?
f Can chi mpanzees cl i mb tr ees easily than orangoutans ?
9 Do camelslive l onger eleph ants?
h Can bats see cl earl y th an humans?
Which fl i es hi gh est - an eagl e or a haw k?
j Why don'tzookee pers get bitten oftener?
k Do alligatorsmove moreslowlythan crocodiles?
I Can dogssee furt her th an cats ?
m Can an elephant remember th ings more well th an ot her ani mal s?
n Why haveapes developed quickli er t han other ani mals?
o Can rabbitshear betterthan har es?

Comparat ive and superlat ive adverbs
Test it again
oWrite t he mi ssi ng f or ms.
a
b
c
d
e
f
9
h
adverb comparative super l ative
slowly
t he most clearly
f urther
badly
t he most politely
generous
more
t he best
mor e careful ly
neat ly
f)Choosethebestopti on .A or B.
a I'd li ke t o move .. .__ to myfami ly.
A near er B more near
b Ni ne o' clock?You get up ..........th an I do .Iget up at fi ve-t hi rt y.
A lat e Blat er
c Matthewwor ks harder his supervi sor does.
A t han B -
d We wou l d all like to see you .
A ofte ner B more oft en
e Can cats catch rats th an th ey can cat ch mice?
A more easi l y Bmost easi l y
Ai m !You al ways ai m t oo l ow.
A higher B morehig h
IJ Joannew rites badly, but Sue wr it es .....
A worse Bmore badly
h Laura speaks Spani sh .......... t han her brot her does.
A more well Bbett er
Tom swims........of all the bo ys in hi scl ass.
A th e fast est B fast est
Idri ve .vou do.You'ru 11 turrihl o c1r iv or l
A more caro fll il y B 111010 cnrutul lv thnn
20
Fix it n
A
MakethoGl ll ll p"l 11 11", . 11111 11 IIf most
adverbs by PIIIII III \ I " ' '' '''IIlJ" "c t he
adverb. MIl ko "'11 _' II ,rtlll.llvlJ form by
adding Ow " " ,,,,
B
Maketh ll llll l ll l" II IlII II' 1 1111 11\ ofth e
adverbs t J l y /(/. , lim" 11I1l1 liiqt:by
adding 01 til lhtl "11,,... il l.Milke th e
superl at lvu 111111 1 I ,y PllldlllU til eand est.
(Change tlll l V III Iit' l 11il 1I IIf cnriv to
an ibolor u l iCit 1111 (/ Ill / illfl.)
Il ive and
D
Use 0"11' " flll i ~ I comparati ve adverb .
I ,t:>
Comparativeand superlative adverbs
oReview
Comparative and superlative adverbs
You makethe comparativeform of mostadverbs byadding more before t he
adverb.You maketh e superl at ive form by addi ng the most.
qu ickly [770re quickly themostquickly
You maket he comparativef orm of theadverbs early, fast, hard, high, late, low,
nearand soon by adding er.You makethe superlat iveform of t hese adverbs by
adding the and est. You changethe yat the end of earlyto an ibefore you add
eriestandj ustadd rand stto late.
earl y earlier theearliest fast faste r the fastest
high higher the highest late latest the latest
Someadverbs have an irregul ar comparativeand superlativef orm.
You needto learn t hese.
far further the furthest
well better the best
badl y worse the worst
You use thanaftera comparative adver b.
You finishedi t morequicklythan Idid. She singsbetterthan hedoes.
Note:Sentenceswit h superlativeadverbsaren'tas common as sentenceswith
compar at ive adverbs.
-ing or -ed?
Test it again Test it
oUse t he w or d at the end of each li ne t o make a new wor dto fi ll t he space.
o Find and corr ectany sentencesthat are wron
a Isaw adead mouse in th egarden.
b The lesson was very confusi ng.
It It's nearly Chri st mas! I' m so exc iti ng !
It was ..
c What an amazing party tha t wasl
b What' s wrong? Are you
d There's nothing to do here. It's avery bored tUWI!.
e The film wasso frightened t hat the kids hid behindthesol a.
c I' m not
f Are you excited aboutgett ing married?
d These instructionsare
9 Bad weathercan be very depressing.
Idon'tunderstand them.
h Ican seeyou're notvery interesting.You're notli stening to me at all.
We' re all worried aboutRobert . e Myparentsaren't .
I was absol utel y amazing w hen he gave methe fl owers.
exam resul t s.
You're
eChoosethebestoption,A or B.
9 Ifeel
I It' svery when t he comput erdoesn't wor k proper ly.
A irrit ated B irritating h Do you fi nd astron omy
b We wereall t o hear aboutthe acci dent.
Lemon and honey is very
A sho cking Bshocked
w hen you'vegot acol d.
c Ar eyou .. ....t hat you di dn't pass the exam?
A di sapp oi nti ng Bdisappointed Jill was very
d This is a book aboutZan zibar.
asleep in class.
A fascinat ing B fascinated
k That roller-coaster ridewas
St op bei ng so ........ .! That's t he thi rd t ime I'v e heard t hat st ory.
A bored Bbori ng I worked har d yeste rday. Wh en I got home
She findsexercise extremel y .
Iwas ..
A tired B tiring
III My bosswas
9 IW II S to learn about the historyofthecastle.
A fascinating B fasci nated n Lying on t he beach i svery
h Why meyou ........ .? There's a lotto do here.
o The midnight mov ie last ni ght was
A boring Bbored
It was about ghosts and vampir es.
No one seems i n my pl ans.
A i nterested B intere sti ng
e Chooset he bestcaptionfo rt he cartoon.
I' m sure th edog's He never wags his tail.
A depressed Bdepressing The t eacher wasvery boring.
The teacher wa svery bored.

EXHAUST
SURPRISE
RELAX
HORRIFY
EMBARRASS
TERRIFY
FRIGHT
FRUSTRATE
INTEREST
COMFORT
SATISFY
DISGUST
.......................wit h my
when you'rei na bad mood.
about falling
when Iresigned.
ANNOY
AMUSE
CONFUSE
That' s not very funny.
with me?
when Ican't sol ve a probl em.
.
.
..
.
.
Iiiiiiiiiiiiiii
-l/7g or -ed?

[;IblD
oReview
AnswerstoTestit
f)Fix itnotes
Checkyouranswers.Wrong answer?
- ing or-ed7 A
Readthe right Fix it note to findoutwhy.
Use participlesulldillU ill ed to talk
You can use present part ici ples (wordsending in ing) and past participles (words

excited -+ A
about howpeople Ioul.
endi ng in ed) asadjectives butyou need t o knowthe difference between them. It's
b correct -+ B
common forpeopleto mixthem up becausetheylookquitesimilar.
c correct -+ H
B
dbefeti boring -+ B
Use parti ciplesending In i ng when
Past participlesusedas adjectives
frightening -+ IS e
you' redescribing the reason for a
f correct -+ A"
You use past parti ciples, e.g. bored, confused, interested, etc. as adjectives.
9 correct -+ B
feeling.
Theydescribe howsomeonefeels.
hifttefesttftg- interested -+ A
I'm bored. You're tired. He's frightened. We're irritated.
j correct -+ A
For moreinformation. seet he
amazed -+ A
Present partici ples usedas adjectives Review page opposit e.
I ,[:>
a B -+ 1:1 f B -+ B
You use present participles, e.g. boring, confusing, interesti ng, etc.as
b B -+ A 9 B -+ A
adjectives.Theydescribethe reason fora person'sfeelings.
c B -+ A h B -+ A
The film was reall y boring. (The film mademe feel bored.)
d A -+ B j A -+ A
It was a very frightening film. (That'sthe reason Iwasfrightened.)
e B -+ B jA-+A
She fi nds the lessons tiri ng. (The lessons make her feel tired.)
It was shocking news. (The news shocked us.)
'.f Nowgo toRage39.ifest yourselfagain.
Here's a listofcommon past and present participlesthatare used as adjectives:
AnswerstoTestitagain
amazed amazing fr ightened frighteni ng
amused amusing frustrated frustrati ng
'Ua disgusting
annoyed annoying horrified horrifying
b annoyed
bored boring interested interesting
c amused
d confusing
comf ort ed comforting irritated irritating
confused confusing puzzled puzzling
e satisfied
f f ri ght ening
depressed depressing relaxed relaxing
disappointed disappointing satisfied sat isfying
9 frustrated
disgusted disgusting shocked shocking
h int erest i ng
embarr assed embarrassing surprised surprising
I comforti ng
sxcited exciting terrified terrifying
I embarrassed
xhausted exhausting tired tiring
k ter rifyi ng
fascinated fascinat ing worried worrying
I oxhaust ed
III surprised
n rel axing
o horrifying
It.Theteacherwasverybo red.
c
Test it ~
oFindandcorrectten mistakes.
a
b WI.: looked ill tourdictionarvs
but\\'1.: could n ' tEnd th e word.
Thereweretwo
persons at the door.
d This film are boring- let's
watch adifferent one.
e
eWritet heplu ralformsof t hese nouns.
a woman
b sheep
c story
d tooth
e dress
tomato
9 fox
h foot
wolf
child ........_ " " ' .
f
(
Ii' II I ; 1I 1l 1 Jill h.iv1,1 O l l .l l l T ~
, - l:u \" , 1" " " 1.u l '\ Il '\".
--...>....
'"
9
I'm going on adiet! My
trousersdoesn'tfit me.
h Sam likes mouses because
t hey' resmall and fu rry.
Bus goup anddown mystreet
all day and they're noisy.
In autumnthe leafsfall
offthe trees.
~
Test it again
oSolvethecluestocompletet he crossword,
Across
2 People whoaren'tgrownup are called
3 Mostpeople usethese to
6 Men have .... and wom
husbands.
7 These are very young chi
9 cause t raffic jams.
11 I'd like two ofbread
abaguette, please.
13 These are cleveranimal s.
steal chickens.
14 The thingsyou bite with.
6
Down
1 .........,forks and spoons,
2 Almostall offices nowadays
use .
4 They'rered and you eat t
i n salads.
5 are f ri ght ened of cats.
8 These vegetablesgrowu
10 Thereare ......... i n every
city.They are cheaperto
use thantaxis.
12 People usuallyli vein
.......... orapartments.
...........
~
en have 2
:fren.
l- I-
and I-
3 4
I
They
l-
I- l-
S
I
7
I
8
l- I- I- -
'--- l- I- -
\em
~
9 10
I-
iderqround.
11
r
r
3
I
I-
I-
-
r
4
'---
r [ - ~ ]
.,..,..
Countable nouns
f) Fix it notes
A
ManyEngli sh no un s are count able.
Add s to make tho plural, e.g. boys.
B
Add esto countable nouns ending in
ch, sh, s, a and x to make the plural,
e.g. potetoes, dresses.
C
To make the plural of nouns ending
i n consonant + y, change Vto i and
add es, e.g. dictionaries.
o
To makethe plural of nouns ending
in fOrfe, change fto vand add es,
e.g. leaves, wolves.
E
Somecountabl e nouns are irregular.
They have irregul ar plural forms,
e.g. people, mice,sheep, women.
F
Use a singularverb withsi ngul ar
count able nouns.
G
Use a pl ural verb wit h pl ural nouns.
Some no uns ar e alwa ys plural ,
e.g. police, tr ousers.
For : nore see the 1[>
Heview pageopposit e.
o Review
Countable nouns
Spelling rules
ManyEngli sh nouns are countable. In mostcases,you add s to th e si ngular
noun t o makethe pluralform.
dog/dogs boy/boys shop/shops
If a countable noun endsin in cb,sh, s, 0 or x,youad d estomakethe
pl ural f orm.
watch/watches brush/brushes bus/buses
potato/potatoes fox/foxes
If a countable nounends in aconsonant+ y,you change yto i and add es.
dictionary/dictionaries story/stories lady/ladies
If a countable noun ends in for te, you changethe fto v and add esor s.
thiet/tbieves leaf/leaves wife/wives knife/knives life/lives
Irregular plural forms
Somecountable nounsare irregularand th er ef ore haveirregular pluralforms.
You needt o learn th ese.
person/people chitd/cbildren man/men
woman/women mouse/mice sheep/sheep
Noun-verb agreement
You use asingularve rb wi t h si ngularcountable nouns.
The childis happy. The Oxforddictionarycontains3,500 newwords.
You use a plural verbw ith plural nouns.
The girlsare swimming. The childrendidn'tgoto schoolyesterday.
So menouns are alwaysplural. You use a plural ve rb.
These trousersdon 't fitme. Arethesescissorssharpenough?
The policearecoming. Myglassesneedcleaning.
Test it
oChooset hebestoption,Aor B.
n Did you hear noi se?
A - B a
b Rice goodforyou .
Ais Bare
c John has t oo much to do.
Aworks Bwork
d Can Iget ... .. advice here?
A an B -
e The spaghett i you cooked de licious!
A t ast es B taste
He usesthe Londontubeeveryday so hespendsa lot on .
A t rav el B t ravels
IJ We' vego t good newsforyou.
A - B a
II Money . .buyyou love.
Adon't B doesn't
Please be quiet! You're makingtoomuch . .
A noises B noise
Patrick's got . blond hairand blue eyes.
A a B -
f)Choosoth e correct sentencein eachpa ir.
Throecof fee, please.
b Three cof fees, please.
c Where can Igetinformation aboutthe city?
d Wh or e can I get informations about the city?
This jobadvert says you need an experience.
This jobadvert says you need experience.
Oi l fl oat in wat er.
h Oil fl oat s in water.
Do vou enjoyli st ening to music?
Do you onjoyli st ening to a music?
r=D]
Test it again
o Completet he sentences. Use a wordfrom t he list and a where necessary.
happiness work wat er coffee tr avel furniture l uck
j ourney tea money
a .__ . is ex pensive t hese days. This chai r cost s150.
b Carla onlydrinks mineral She neverdrinks anyt hing el se.
t I w ish yo u .__ ... fo r your exams.
d __ .__ " ... isn' t importan t. You can't buy happiness.
e growsi n India and China .
What is .. .__ ?It' sdifficultto describe.
9 Susa nna wenton ......f rom Canada to Mexico.
h I' d li ke ....."...and aslice ofcake, pl ease.
Nick's got .__ .... to do so he can't come to ni ght.
Christi ne spe nds500 on every year.
f)Find and correct tenmistakes.
a I need moneyso 1'1l1 looking fi)]'a job.This advert says >'ou 1I11ls1
have a n experience or working in an office and tha t you will make a
pl 'ogress ifyou aregoodat using a ('omplltlT. Jwa n: an iuforuuuion
about Ihcsalary but irrlocsu'tsay about pay.
b We'd likean c 'SHOPPING
orange j uice and
twocoffee, please.
0\'\ oYO\,\Be j",ice
t-eO\s
"",ilks
Ov.i+eY
Certai nly, woul d
oyeO\,A
you li keamilk

and sugar?
wO\t-eV'
0\
Ll20J
j,'4
>.II
!f2J
~ m
AnswerstoTestit
Fix it notes
Chockyouranswers.Wronganswer?
Rood the rightFix it noteto find outwhy.
A
Uncountable nounsare normally
I) a B ~ 0 f A ~ ft
singular. Don' t add s,
b A ~ B 9 A ~ C
c B ~ A h B ~ B
B
d B ~ C B-+ D
Use asi nqular verb wit h uncou nt abl e
e A ~ B j B -+ C
noun s.
21The correct sentencesare:
b-+ 0
C
c ~
Don't use aor an with uncountable
noun s.
f -+ C
h"B
I ..r:
o
Some no uns, e.g.coffee, noise, can be
countable or uncount ablewith different
N o ~ ~ ~ o Rage47. iTest yourselfagain.
meanings.
AnswerstoTest itagain
D Furn it ure f happiness For more informat i on,seet he
b water 9 ajourney Revi ew page oppos ite .
I J>
c luck h acoffee
d Money i work
c Ton j tr avel
2 n on experl enee- experience
n-proqress progress
lin Information informat ion
bootlee coffees
osuger- sugar
c lI norenge-jtii ee orangeju ice
10 0 S tea
mi lks milk
twils fruit
n-oouee coffee
Uncountablenouns
o Review
Uncountablenouns
Manynounsthatare uncountable in English are countable in some other
l ang uages.You needto learnwhetheranoun iscountableoruncountablewhen
you see it fort hefirsttime. For informationaboutusingquantifierswith
uncount abl enouns,see pag e53.
Uncountable nouns, e.g. advice, information, milk,petrol, sugar, et c.are
normallysingular. They don't have a plural form so you can 't add 5 t o
t he noun.
advice NOT adviees information NOT informations-
milk NOT -mHIts petrol NOT petrels
You use a singularverbwith an uncountable noun.
Milktastesnice. Applejuice is sweet. The waterfeels cold.
You don't use the art icles aor anwith uncountable nouns.
This is hardwork. NOT -e-berd-wor
Ineedinformation. NOT -en-iltfflFm8tiQFt
Do you wantadvice? NOT -sn-edviee
Somenounscan be count able or uncountable butbe caref ul!
The meaning changes.
Didyou heara noise?(a particu lar noise)
There'stoo much noise. Ican'twork.(noise in general)
I'dlike acoffee, please. (acup of coffee)
We needcoffeeandsugar. (coffee and sugar in general)
There's a hairon yourjacket. (justone hai r)
He's gotblondhair.(the hairon his head)
Here's alistofcommon uncountable nouns:
accommodation furniture milk spaghetti
advice gas money sugar
baggage hair noi se tea
bread happiness music jrafflc
butter information nows travel
cheese juice oil water
coffee knowleclq petrol weather
eloctricity lov pollutiuu work
xp erionc luck prow
1_ 1..
Quantifiers: some, an}', much and
many
Test it
oChoosethecorrectsentence in each pair.
a Jim'sgot any phot ost o show me.
b Jim'sgot some photosto showme.
c I do n't thinkthere's any coffee.
d Idon'tthinkthere'ssome coffee.
e Can Ihave some morecheese, pl ease?
Can Ihave any morecheese, ple ase?
9 Jo doesn't havemanytroublema kingf riends.
h Jo doesn't have much troublemakingfriends.
Idon'tknowmuchFrench.
i Idon't knowmany French.
k Wedon'teat muchsweetth i ngs.
I Wedon't eat manysweet things.
m Have we gotanymilk left?
n Have wegotsomemi lk l eft ?
o Lookl Here's any informationaboutthecit y.
p Lookl Here'ssomei nformati on aboutthecity.
q Howmuchtime haveyou got?
How many t ime have you got ?
6 Th erearen't someapples.
Therearen' t any appl es.
Choose t he best opti on.
Wo haven' tgo t much/ many time.
h Would you l ikesome/ any bread?
c Howmuch/many t i mes have you been to Egypt?
d Guorqe doesn't like ma ny vegetable/vegetables.
o Pote's boughtsome/any CDs.

Quantifiers :SOfTIe, any,
Test it again
o Chooset hecorrect opt ion,A or B.
a Can 1have apple j ui ce?
A any B some
b Doyou play."."" .. sports?
A any Bmuch
c Sam doesn'twant .""" ...milk.Hewants water.
A any B some
d How legs has a millipedegot?
A much Bmany
e Ididn't get answers right. Allt hequest ions weretoo hard.
A any Bsome
There much butterleft .
A is Bisn' t
9 We didn't see pollution i n Kat hmandu.
A much B many
h Clara has got interesting books.
A much B some
Haveyou got any ?
A stamp B st amps
There any wolves in England.
A are Baren't
eCompletet he sentences.Usemuch, many, some or any. Sometimesmore
thanone answermaybe correct.
a Bill needs ."" "
b Haveyou got
c Isthere
d How
e Pat bought
Ineed
9 Thereisn' t
h How.................
You didn' t buy .
We took .....
advice.Can you hel p him?
friends ?
.. bread? I' m hungry.
petrol i sthere in t hecar?
books and a DVD.
moretime.
time, so hurry up!
cen ts are therei n 7?
.. clot hes today,didyo u?
photoswhon wo were in Venice.
[_[20]
IIIIhl
11, .
to
~ r
AnswerstoTestit
Chock youranswers.Wrong answer?
Roodthe rightFixit noteto find outwhy.
,' I! The correct sentences are:
b -. A I" ~
c -' C m" C
0 -' 13 p-. A
h-. D q" l)
1 -. [\ t" C
1, 2, 0 much ..D
b some ..B
c many ..E
d vogetables ..E
osome -. A
I Niiwuo"iO:P8ge 51 . irest yourself again.
-,. ,:u.
AnswerstoTestit again
u B
f B
bA
g A
cA
hB
dB
is
eA
jB
2 nuorno f some
b ony/ mony
cony
d much
o somo
9 any/much
h many
i any/many
j some
Fixit notes
A
Usesomeill positivesentenceswith
unco unta ble nouns and plural nouns
wh en you' re t alkinq abo ut asmall
amount or number.
B
Use so mein questions when you
ex pect t he ans werto be ' yes' .
C
Use anyin negati ve sentences and in
most quest i onswit h uncountable
noun sand pl ural nouns when you' re
t alking abou t asmall amount or
number.
o
Use much and howmuch wit h
uncount abl e nouns.
E
Use manyand howmanywith plural
nouns.
For more info rma t i on, see th e
Review page opposite.
, ,[:>
Quant ifi ers:some, any,mu chand rnany
oReview
Quantifiers: some, any, muchand many
Some
You use somewit h un countabl e nouns and pl ural nouns when you'retalki ng
aboutasmall amount or number and yo u don't knowor it i sn't importantto
knowtheexactamount.
We needsome information. He'sgotsomenewbooks.
You use somein posi t ive sentences, not i n negative sentences.
Therearesome letterson the table. NOT There aren'tsome-tenere-on the-table.
You use somei n quest ionswhen yo u expect theanswer to be 'yes' .
Can Ihavesomecheese? Do youwantsomehelp?
Any
You use anywi t h uncountable nouns and plural nouns when you' ret alking
about asmall amount or number.
There isn't anymilk. Arethereany rooms fortonight?
You use anyin negat iv e sentences and i n most questi ons.You don 't use anyi n
posit ive sentences.
He doesn 't likeanyofthecolours. NOT He doeslike8f1V ofthe-cotoure.
Do you likeanyofthese paintings?
Much
You use muchwith uncountable nouns in negat iv e sentences, not in posi t ive
sentences.
There isn't much butterleft. NOT There is mueh-butfflf-le#.
You use much(or how mucliiwith uncountable nouns in quest io ns.
Is theremuchcoffeeleft ?
Howmuchtimeis there beforethe filmstarts?
Many
You use manywit h plural nounsin negative sent enc es, notin positive
sentences.
Sheilahnsn't(lot mallYOVOs. NO] Sl ltJilll's"ot I/lflllYOVOs.
You uau 11J.'Illy(01 how trI,'llly) wi th pl lllllinouns i n qlll l lli i o n...
Jl .. .- " ..
Something, anybody,
nowhere, everything,etc.
Test it ~
Choose the correct option.
11 Idon' t know nobody/anybody.
h Ever ything are/i s perfect .
(: Are you sureyou' ve lookedsomewhere/everywhere?
(I Nobody/Anybody wantsto helpme.
Thor oi sn' t somet hing/anything wrong.
Sho doesn't likeanybody/ somebody who laughsat her.
Di d von say anything/no thingto Jenny?
h Wo didn' t go anywhere/somew here l ast weekend.
Evorvhodv l ook/looksvery cheerful today.
Putur ca n see anybody/somebodyt hrough the window.
Cll lll p lfltlt t he sentences. Use one word in each space.
I Ilookocf .
. for mywallet butIcouldn'tfind it.
h Thoro's...
.. at the door.Could yo u see who it is?
c ((til, ..
.heard of the poet PollyClark?
II ,..
.. ever l istensto me.
......told me.Ican't remember who.
' Wh13ro li fO you Doing?' ' I'm staying here.'
OUInonds to stay fort he ni gh t.
II Wu'v u go t to eat. Let's ordera pizza.
Wflfl don ul passed t he exam.
18th oro .. to drink?I' m th irsty.
~
Something, anybody, nowhere, evervthinc, etc.
Test it again
o Choose t he best option, A or B.
a Is at home?
A somebody B anybody
b .. ........ i s more beauti f ulthanthi s l ovely beach.
A Everywhere B Nowhere
c Ifeel sorryforJohn.He's not very goodat .
A anything B something
d Come here.Iwant to tell you .......
A anyt hing B something
e Is ready?
A everything B nothing
He's very lucky.There's heneeds.
A anything B nothing
9 You musthave leftyour umbrella .
A somewhere Beverywhere
h is al lowed t o speak duringthe lect ure.
A anybody B nobody
Don't worry.Everyt hing ..........goi ng to be OK.
A are Bis
..........Sue goes, David f oll ows.
A Nowhere BEverywhere
k Dowe need t o bring ..........?
A anything B something
f)Choose t he best caption for the cartoon.
~ ~
~
Ij ust don't understand whyeverybodyli kes me.
Ijust don't understandwhy nobody likes me.
I just don' t understan d why anybodyli kes me.
I) Fix it notes
A
Use sometniruj. somewhere and
somebodyin positivesentences.
B
Use anything, anywhere and anybody
in quest ionsand negat ive sentences.
C
Use nothing,nowhereand nobodyin
pos itivesent ences.
o
Use every thi ng,ever ywhere and
everybodyin positivesent ences,
negativesentences and in questions.
E
Use asingular verb with everything,
ever ywhereand ever ybody.
For.more see the 1[>
Reviewpage opposit e.
Something, anybody, nowhere, everything, etc .
oReview
Something, anybody, nowhere, everything, etc .
Youcan ma kecompoundwords using some, any, no and everywith thing, body
and where.Although bodyis used i nth is unit(somebody,anybody, nobody,
everybody), you can also use one(someone, anyone, no one, everyone) ,
The meaning isthe same.
You use something, somewhere, and somebodyin positivesentences,
There'ssomethingwrong. Let's gooutsomewhere.
Somebodyhas borrowedmydictionary.
Not e: Youcan use something,somewhereand somebodyin questionswhen
you expectthe answerto be 'yes'.
Didyou saysomething? Didyou findsomewhereto staylast night?
Is theresomebodyyou can talkto?
You use anything, anywhereand anybodyin nega t ive sente nces and in
questions.
There isn'tanything to do in this town. Idon't wantto go anywheretoday.
Is anybodylistening to me?
You use nothing,nowhereand nobodyi n positive sent ences.
We havenothingto declare. 'Where have you been?''Nowhere.'
There'snobodyathome.
You use everything, everywhereand everybodyin pos itiveand negat ive
sentences. and also in questions.
Everything is fine. No, Ihaven'tl ooked everywhere yet.
Iseverybodyhappy?
Becareful! You use asingularverb(nota plural verb) wit h everything,
everywhereand everybody.
Everythingtastesdelicious, Almosteverywherein Egyptis interesting.
Everybodyis delightedwith the plans.
Both, all;each,every;
either, neither
Test it
o Choose thebest option.
II I' vemet Steve twice.Every/Each ti me he' sbeen qui te rudeto me.
b Eachstudent/students bought adict ionaryand agrammar book.
e All/Both Jupiterand Mars are planets.
d Kat edoesn' t likeeither/neit herofthe books wegave her.
Dogs,cats, rabbits- J immylovesboth/all of t hem.
orne peoplecan't eat nutsand some can't eat wheateither/neither.
I' veseen thi sfi lm at least ten times. Ilikeit more every times/time.
h Evory/ Each parking space in the townwas full so wewent home.
Bot h ofthe child/children got ten outoften in th eir test s.
Therewereabo ut fi fty people at the partyand they wereboth/all dancing .
Completethe sentences. Use both, all, each, every, either or neither.
... of my kids go to the sameschool. Thea is in Class3 and Rosieis
in Class 1.
b Myhusband likespeaches and Ilike apricots,but of us likes plums.
II . ... "." boy in the class passed t he exam.
d Shei laread two books by Marti n Ami s but she didn 't enjoy of them.
I} .....animal sneed wat er in order to live.
Mmyhad two bridesmaids at her wedding girlcarried a bouquet
0110SOS.
9 porson in the audi ence stood up and clapped when the play ended.
h of Sam's two children li keseggs.
Shull Ibuy the red one or the bl ue one?Ireall y l ike them ...
,. ......members of thelei sure dub mustcarry theirmembershi p cards.

Both, all ; each, everv; either. neutier
Test it again
oChooset hebest option,A or B.
a Lobsters, crabs,oysters,mussels- t hey're delicious!
A all B bot h
b man admitted burglingthe flat .
A Both B Neither
c suspectsdeni ed being in the area.
A Neit her B Both
d Charli e looks happier and happier every .
A day B days
e I' ve enjoyed .......... holi day I'veever been on.
A each B every
f Daniel could liv ei n Paris or London buthe doesn't like ..... ....of them.
A neither B eit her
g Each of the westayed in had a swirnminq pool.
A hotels B hotel
h ' Coff eeortea?' ' Idon't mind- I' l l have ...........'
A neit her Beither
..........of you like pasta, don'tyou?
A Every BAli
.......... of us go to thegym threet imes aweek.
AEvery of us BBoth of us
9 Writenewsentences withsimilarmeanings.Use both, all, every,
either or neither.
a He l i kesthePorsche and the Ferra ri .
He l ikes ...".....cars.
b Tom doesn'tread The Times or The SU(1.
Tom doesn' t read ..........ofthose newspapers.
c Lucy forgot her English book,her Maths bookand herHistory book.
Lucy forgot .......... her books.
d We invit ed Bet hand Judyto di nne r buttheydidn' t come.
We invit ed Beth and Ju dy but of them came.
e He wears adifferentti e on Mond ay, Tuesday, Wednesday,
Thursdayand Frid ay.
Hewears II dill or nnt tic day of theweek.

f) Fix it notes
A
Use bothto talk about twothingswhen
you mean one thing andthe other
thing.
B
Use allto talkaboutt hree or more
things. Use allwith a plural nounor
pronoun.
C
Use eachwhen you're talking about
twoor morethings.Put it beforea
singularnoun.
D
Use everywhen you'retalking about
three or morethings. Put it before a
singularnoun.
E
Use eitherin negative sentences.
Use neitherin positive sentences.
F
Use bothof, each of, eitherof, and
neitherofbefore a plural noun or
pronoun.
For more information, see the
Review pageopposite.
I f>
Both, al/; each, every, either, neither
oReview
Both, all; each, every; either, neither
Use bothto talk abouttwothingswhenyou mean one thing and the otherthing.
BothAlgeriaandMoroccoare in North Africa. Bothmychildren like fish.
You use allwith a plural nounor pronounto talk aboutthree or morethings.
AI/livingthingsneedoxygen. AI/myfriends are wonderful.
You're allcrazy!
You use each when you'retalking abouttwoor morethings.It goes beforea
singularnoun.
Each timeI've seen him,he'sbeen verykindto me.(I' veseen him at least twice.)
Pete's decidedto gorunning each dayfora week.
You use everyto talkaboutthree or morethings. It goes beforeasingularnoun.
Everyletteryou writeis beautiful!
Paula winsthe competition everyyear.
Note: Oftenyou can use each oreverywithoutchanging the meaningofthe
sentence.
Ilove you moreeach/everyday.
As ageneral rule to helpyou decidewhichto use, you usuallyuse each when
you'rethinking ofthingsseparately. You use everywhen you'rethinking of
things asagroup.
You use eitherin negativesentences(notin positivesentences). Eithermeans
onething or the otherthing.
Gemma didn'tlike eitherofthe dressesIbought.
(She didn'tlike the bla ck dress. She didn'tlikethe whitedress.)
NaT
You use neitherin positivesentences (notin negati ve sentences).
Neithermeans notone thing or the otherthing.
Neitherofmybrothers rememberedmybirthday.
(My brotherJohn didn'tremember. MybrotherJamesdidn'tremember.)
NOT -Neilher-af-my-brolhers-fiidtt!tremember
You use both of, each of, eitherof, and neither of before a plural nounorbefore
a pronoun.
'Which do yOIl protor?' 'I like bo th of them.'
TharuWOf(} two Il/IlIIlIclo{/s. oftiledogsWlI.'l wesrintta redcollar.
nllJI !.)... vJd l Ull li n rUtlll't IiJu.J IIf tlu;'I "
Possessives
Test it
oChooset hebest sentence i n each pair.
u This is mybrother's wife.
b This is t he wifeof mybrot her.
c Thegovernmentshoul d listen to the peoples' problems.
d The governmentshould listen to thepeople's problems.
What'sthe babies' name?
What's the baby's name?
The roofofthe house needsto be mended.
II The house's roofneedsto be mended.
Isn't tha t the motherof Sy lvia?
Isn't that Sylvia's mother?
k Johns' leg is broken.
I John'sleg is broken.
III Buster is Steve's and Liz's dog.
II Buster is Steveand Liz's dog.
n Franceswrit es children's books.
II Franceswriteschildrens' books.
q Il ove the Italian's passionforgood food.
r Ilove the Ita lians' passion fo r good food.
8 l.ndv'sclothes are on the second floor.
t Lndios' clothes are on thesecond floor.
Choolothebest option,A or B.
I Thoro is something wrong with .
A thoear of th e rabbi t B therabbit's ear
b Ican' t wear that! It' sa jac ket!
A girls' B girl's
C .... . and Janel's son is working in Canada fora year.
A Charles B Charles's
d Don' t put vour fi ngers in the cage! They'll biteyo u.
A monkeys' B monkey's
What was ........ we watched l ast night ?
A tho name ofthe film B the film's name
1
1
5]
Test it again
oWritepossessive fo rms.
a Jimand Jane/dog
b the boys/books
c th e people/choice
d Helen/ house
e the cupboard/door
my friends/problems
9 herparents/car
h the men/department
the puppies/basket
bookcase/shelf
eFindandcorr ect themist akes i n t he story.
The thieves brokeinto number
Acacia Avenueat theday's end,The
house'salarmsystem wasn't working.
unfort unately.so theymanaged to
spenda long time inside,Theystole
.lnlie'sgrandfathers' go ld watch and
herpareIll'S collection of valuable
paintings.Theysmasheda windowat
the house'sfront to getinto the
buiklingandescaped bybreaking
down the backdoor.julics ' children
werevery upset an d fl-ightenedwhen
the)' returned home from school ,
1
1
rlJ
Fix it notes
A
Add 's (apost ro phe + s) to singular
no uns to make thepossessi ve for m.
B
Add '(apost rophe) to plural nounsto
make the possessive form.
C
Add '5 (apostrophe ,.5) to irregular
pluralst o makethe possessive form.
o
Use's(apostrophe +s) to makethe
possessive form with aperson or an
animal.
E
Use of+ the to make t he possessive
form wi th something that i sn't aperson
oran animal, e.g. the roof of the house.
F
Only put '5 (apostr ophe+5) aft erthe
second no un in a pai r of nou ns, e.g.
SteveandLiz'sdog.
For more information, seet he
Reviewpage opposite.
I J>
Possessives
o Review
Possessives
You add's(apost rophe+5) to singularnounsto make the possessivefor m.
John'sfriends(the f riendsJohn'sgot)
the dog'sbone(thebonet he dog's got)
You add '(apostrophe)to plural nounsto make the possessiveform.
the boys'bikes the girls'school the kids'uniforms
myfriends'problems myparents'house
You add 's(apostrophe+ s)to i rregul ar pl uralsto make the possessiveform.
children'sstories men'shobbies
women'sinterest people'sfears
You use's(apostrophe+s)to make the possessiveformwhenyou'retalking
aboutsomething t hat belongsto aper son or an ani mal.
the rabbit's ear NOT tne-eer-ot-me-rebbit
the chil d'stoy mybrother'sson
You use of+ the to makethe possessiveform wi t h otherno uns.
theendofthe day NOT #te-fJay's-ernf the l eg ofthe chai r
You onlyuse '5 once, even if there i smorethan onenoun.You don' t put'safter
bot h nouns.
John andBarbara'scar NOT .JohrHHffid-Ber-bttfa!s
HarryandSally'sfriends
Test it
oComplete t he sent ences. Use in, on or at.
11 I'm seeingt he doctor Friday morning.
b Jackwoke up the night. He had a bad dream.
c Fenel on Castlewas built the fourteenthcent ury.
d What are you doi ng __ luncht i me?
o It'sverynice here
Comeand see me
o Let' s meet up
h Nickofte n works
Wh erewillyou be
t heautumn.
half -past two.
Easter.
night.
NewYear's Eve?
I'mgo ing on hol iday t he fi rst we ek of Ju ly.
Correct t he mistakesin t he instant message con ver sation.
n Cookie says: What are you doingon tomorrow?
b Cncket says: I'mbusy.I' vegota meeting on 11.30.
c Cookie says: Do youfancy goin g out at Fri day?
d Cricket says: No, I can't. I'm working on the even ing tha t clay.
I! Cooki esays: Oh, OK.Wh at areyou doing on the weekendt hen?
Cricket says: Well. t here's a f oot ball match in Satu rday afternoon. ;;:1
Cooki esays: How aboutmeeting on themorning?
ricket says: No,sorry.It'sthe 15th.Ihaveameet ing atthe 15t h of every
month.
Cooki esays: Are youf reeat all at December?
Cricket says: Not really. I don 't go ali t mu ch on the winter.
k Cooki esays: Wherewillyou be in Christmas?
I Cricketsays: At Christmas Day,we'regoingto myparent s.Wego everyyear.
III Cooki esays: So you're notfreeon next week?
n Cricket says: No.I'm afraid not.And act uallyin next year I' m prettybusy too .
o Cooki esays: You said thesame th ing on lastyear
l
'.' T
A
C [12Q]
ePuti n a preposition wherenecessary.
a Quitea lotofpeopleget depressed ..........t hewinter.
b Jo'sseei ng hisboss thisafternoon.
c We're goingt o a nightclub Saturday evening.
d Will you comefor lunch Christmas Eve?
e Ialwaysgetup 5.30 a.m.
f It' sveryquiet here __ ..night.
9 Let's meetup thesecond weekofSeptember.
h Noone sawMike l ast week.
They test the fire alarm Monday mornings.
I met avery niceman theweekend.
Test it again
oChoosethe best option,A or B.
a Myappointmentis .......... 10.20tomorrow.
A at Bon
b Do you go t o church Easter?
A at Bin
c We'rehaving a party New Year's Eve.
A at Bon
d Are youfree 11June?
A- Bon
e Paddywas born 1970.
A on Bin
Iwoke up t hree times ...__ .....t he night.
A i n Bat
9 Let's go shopping .........the morni ng.
A on Bin
h She has herhaircut ....__ ." everymonth.
A - B in
Montaigne lived ..........thesixt eenth century.
A- B in
Ioften have good ideas ... ' night.
A in Bat
Eix it
Answers to Test it
Checkyouranswers.Wronganswer?
Readthe rightFix it note to find outwhy.
(i.a on -+ 0 f at -+ A
bin -+ F gat -+ 8
c in -+ E hat -+ A
d at -+ A i on -+ C
e in -+ E i in -+ E
l2l a 6ft - -+ G
b6ft at -+ A
cat on -+ 0
d6ft in -+ F
e6ft at -+ 8
f ffi on -+ 0
g6ft in -+ F
hat on -+ D
iat in -+ E
j6ft in -+ E
kffi at -+ B
IAt On -+ C
m 6ft - -+ G
nm - -+ G
o 6ft - -+ G

Answers to Test it again
@ a A bA cB dB eB
fA gB hA iB jB
(21a in f at
b- gin
can h-
don i on
e at j at
Fix it notes
A
Use atwit hclockti mes .times of t he
day and wit h the expression at night.
B
Use atwith theweekendand fest iv als
when you ' re talking about t he whol e
period of time.
C
Use on when you'retalking abo ut on e
particularday i n afesti val.e.g.on New
Year'sEve, onEaster Sunday.
o
Use on wit hdays of t heweek, dat es
and expressions like Fridaymorning,
Saturdayafternoon.
E
Use in with months,years,centuries,
seasonsand withtheexpressi on the
first/second/thi rd/lastweek.
F
Use in with expressi ons Iike in the
morning/afternoon/evening.Also use in
wit ht heexpressio n in thenightwhen
you'retalking abouta parti cular night,
usuall y theni ght before.
G
Don't use apreposition before
expressions like last year, nextyear,
next week, tomorrow.
For morei nfo rmat i on.see the
Review pageopp osite.
, ,[:>
Prepositions of timo .it. ot), /
o Review
Prepositionsoftime: at, on,in
At

Youuse atwith all clocktimes,timesof theday and wit h tll HIJ Xp ll

11111 .' 11 , I/tI" t
The appointmentis at10.20. t'ttsee you at lunchtime.
Tony worksbestat night.
You use atwi t h weekendsand festival swhen you' retalki ng about tl u- 1l 1llld hV

asawholeperiodof t ime.
Didyou havefun atthe weekend?(All weekend.)
Wha t are youdoingatChristmas?(The whole of the Chri stmas po' iod .)
On
You use on whenyou'retalking aboutone particularday during 11

There's agreatfilm on TVon ChristmasDay.

00you eat chocolateeggs on EasterSunday?
You use onwith days of theweek, dates, and wit h expressi onsliku n/l

morning, on Sundayevening, etc.
Kate'sbabywasbornon Friday. His birthdayis on 4 Octol un.
Are you doinganythingon Tuesdayevening
In

You use in with mont hs,years,centuries, seaso ns and with the nx pt l

j" 11
the first/secondlthird/lastweek.
The weather'sgreatin August. Ibought the house in 2002.
Col umbuswentto Americain the fifteenth century.
Wehaveourmain ho lidayin the summer.
The meeting'sin the thirdweekof April.
You use inwith expressio ns li ke i n themoming/aftornooll!avellill ll ,11I1CI whl lIII,

expression in the nightwhen you'retalking abo ut a part lcular niUll t (ItSltlllly III
night before) .
See you in themorningl Ihada horri bl edrontn ill th1I 1[1l lt.
Nopreposition
You don' t lise apreposit i onwi th expresslons of time ll ku UVIiI YY 'II, 1.'1111 /1 101'1

next manIII, tnia wao,tottnv,tomorrow, utc,
Wesau fUI/; I , (I t/ 1m tlVIIIYWfifJk. Wl mw(/I I! yuu (J [I Imll/lllI/lr
., , , ... ,- , , .... ...
Test it ~
oChoosethebestoption.
a Cat heri ne's inlat t he Un ited St at es at th e mome nt.
b What'st hatblackt hi ng in/ on theceil i ng?
c ' I can see Tom in t he garden but where's George ?' ' He'sat/in th eci nema .'
d Have you read t hearticleinIon page 16?
e Get the9.15t rai n from Paddington and change at/i n Oxf ord.
f Can you call back later? Mylesisn't on/at his desk right now.
9 Cool! I'vej ust f ound 20 in/at the pocket of myjeans.
h The anc ient t own ofLuxor is in/onthe Nile.
He leftall his shopping on/inth e bus .
Yourhomework's still on/i n thecar .
f)Completet he sentences.Use in, on or at.
a Guess whoImet t hetrai n?
b Please putthe books bac k theshelf .
c Turn left t he tr affi c lights.
d She's li ved th is vill agefor abou t ten years.
e Who'sthat thedoor?
Help ! There's aspider t hewa ll !
9 Kenya is t he equator, isn't it?
h There's afu nn y mark thecar pet.
Mum's th esupermarket. She' ll be bac kby four.
Luck i ly no on ewas th eship when it sank.
~
Prepositions of place: ill , Oil , ti t
Test it again
oMatchthe twohalvesofeach sentence.Add in, on or at.
a There's somemi lk 1 t he wait ing room.
b Please buysome aspiri n 2 Singapor e?
c Turn right 3 t he riv er Ganges.
d Ileftt he dogs 4 t he chemist's.
e Billy's 5 a busyroad so it's qui to II 0 illY.
f My house is 6 school. He'll be ho mo ~ I l (om,
9 Thereare t hree patients 7 thecar.
h He spendsa lotoftime 8 thecrossroadsand go sl r, al ull l 1111
The cityof Varanasi is 9 thefridge.
How long have you lived 10 planesand trains.
f)Find thei ncorrectsentences.
a Th edocuments are f I'm in thegar den.
int he drawer.
9 'What 's that i n vout
b I read t he 11CWSp<l P) ' ! . computer screen ?
. illlilt' bus.
"'-- -,
h
Why i su' t I he dog ti ll
c You'llfindtheauthor's
hishaskcr?
namein thecover.
\ ~
\\
d Look! There's acat Hefelt OKonce 11l:l Wil
on t he r oof . on th e pinna,
Ofcourse Rome ls in
e Katie was lying ont hegrass
t heriver Tiberi
staring at the Sky.
III
Fix it notes
A
Use infort hree-dimensional spaces,
e.g.pockets, rooms, bu ildings,vi llages,
count ries, cars .
B
Use on fo r two-dimensi onal surfaces,
e.g. pages of abook,wal ls,ceil ings,
carpets,tabl es,shel ves.
C
Use ont o talkabout placeson ali ne,
e.g. on theNile, on the eq uator.
o
Use on to t alkabout buses, trai ns,
pl anesand ships(but not cars).
E
Use atf or one-di mensional poi nts or
pos iti on s, e.g.at a desk, at the door, at
the trafficli ghts .Als o use atwhen
you ' re talking abou t poi nts on a
jour ney,e.g. atOxford.
F
Use atf or build i ngs wh en you' re
th inking abo ut what people do inside
t hem,e.g.at thecinema(watching a
film) ,at thesupermarket (doing the
shopping), at Mary 'shouse(fora party).
For morei nformati on, see the
Reviewpage opposit e.
, ,L>
Preposi t ions of place: in, on, at
o Review
Prepositions of place: in, on, at
In
You use int o t alk aboutspace sthatare three-dimensional, like boxes,drawers,
cupboards, rooms, houses,cities,countries,etc.
What'sin the box ? The lettersare in the topdra wer.
Put the saltback in the cupboard,please. I'm in the kitchen.
Heli vesin Ox ford. How l ong havethey been in France?
Your glassesare in the car.
On
You use on totalk abouttwo-dimensional surfaces, like the pages of a book,
TV orcomputerscreens, wall s,ceili ngs,shelves,tables, beaches, grass, etc.
It's on page237. Hangthepictureon the wall.
What's thatmarkon the ceiling? {love lyingon thebeach.
The rabbit'ssitting on the grass.
You use on to talkaboutthe position of something on aline,e.g.a road or
a river.
Myhouse is on abusystreet. London is on the riverThames.
Ecuadoris on the equator.
You also use on to talkaboutmanymethods of transportincluding buses,
trains, planes, ships, bicycles, horses, etc.Note, however,that you don'tuse
on forcars, you use in.
Ileftmyhomeworkon the bus. We'llgetacoffeeon thetrain.
Malcolmcycl ed from Leeds to London on his bike .
At
You use atto tal kabout one -dimensional points or pos it ionsin space .
Oftent hese are pointson ajourneyor places to meet.
The coachstopsat EdinburghandGlasgow. Turn rightat the t raffi clights.
See you at the busstop.
You use at to talkaboutbui ldingsor placeswhenyou' rethinking aboutwhat
peopledo insidethem.
Mum'sat thesuper ma rket. We mal litNick's house.
Let 'smeetat tileros tnurant. I'lldroll yOIl81theststion,
Not o: There'snCIHII II IO in l l ~ l I i l l l l whsn you 1111<1ill 01 .. I.
[3 walc hingJohn TV?
Test it
o Find one correct question. Correct t he other ni ne .
a ( Li ke you red wine ? 1. Whosaw yo u?
Nobody.
b Tom'shur t himself .
g Doyoucan tell me t het ime?
Whatdidhappen?
h Did she To go to Mexi co?
c
Yes, I think so.
Huw much ihix
d

Why Dan isn't her e?
_ _ ---L(
f) Write questions . Use the words given and one other word in t he right order.
Questions Answers
a 'whereyou going?' . . 'Toth e ban k.'
b 'brokethe window?' . .. ' Freddy.'
c 'you meet who?' ,.", .." " .. 'Tony and Richard.'
d ' you speakGreek?' .." ........ . , .. 'Yes, a little.'
e ' where did v ou?' " ." ." ." .. 'I went t o Rome .'
f 'are comi nq?' .. 'Yes,Iam.'
9 'does he wantto see?' . ' Hewantsto seeJo.'
h 'we be late?' , ' No, we won' t .'
' who did you.' ' Itold Nick and Sam.'
' Jo play tennis?' " , . 'Yes, Ith ink so.'

Ouosuon
Test it again
o Put t he letters of the words in t he right order . Use the words to compl
the qu estions .
SHA I I I I TAWHI- I __ IDD - I aWH i SI
KELI I-.LI I WaH TC DESa NAC I I I I
WYH --=:J
L1LW I I I
a .. ....... i s Keith doing?
b Who ..' ......you meet at t hepartyyest erday?
c Jennyready?
d Do you ..........coffee or do you prefertea?
e "..". said that?
f do you pronouncethisword?
g thisshirt look go od on me?
h When you goto Chamonix - next mont h or in Juno?
Howmanylanguages .........you speak?
j did you do that? You must becrazy.
k Dad found his keysyet?
f) Choose the best ca ption for t he ca rtoon.
Supper i s read y,darling?
Issupper ready, dElIling?
Isreadysupper,dlll'llI1[)?
1
1
f
fix,it
Answers to Test it
Check youranswers.Wrong answer?
Road the rightFix it notetofindoutwhy.
Fix it notes
A
Put auxiliaryverbs, e.g. be, do, have,
and modal verbs, e.g. can, must, will,
before (not after) the subjectin a
question.
B
Only puttheaux il iaryverb, e.g. be, do,
have, beforethe subject in a question.
Don'tput the wholeverb beforethe
subject.
C
If there isn't an auxili ary verb in the
question, use do, doesordid.
o
You don'tneed do, does or didi fthere's
alreadyan aux il iaryor modal verb i n
t he question.
E
Use the base form ofthe verb (notthe
infinitive) after do, does, or didin a
question.
F
When aquestion word, e.g . who, what,
where, is the subjectofaquestion, put
it beforetheverb.Don't use do.
G
When aquestionword, e.g. who, what,
where, is t he objectofa question, use
normal question word orderwith do,
does or did.
9 Whodoeshe wantto see? -+ G
h Wi ll we be late? -+ A
I Whodi d you tell? -+ Eo
I Does Joplay tennis? -+C
Now
Answ ers to Test it again
Q Whot 9 Does
b did h will
e Is i can
d lIke j Why
oWho k Has
f How
2 lssupper ready, darling?
For more information, see the
Review pageopposite.
, ,r:>
Questions
oReview
Ouestions
You put aux ilia ry verbs e.g. be, do, haveand modal verbs, e.g. can, will,should
before (not after)the subjectin aquestion.
Do yOli wantsomehelp? NOT Qu-do-went--same-helpl
When willyou be back? NOT When-you-will-he-ooek1
You on ly put t heauxi liaryverbe.g.be, do, havebeforethesubject.
You don't putthewhole verbbeforethe subject.
When are PatrickandIsabellecoming? NOT When-ere-eom;ng-;-;-;
Where have you been? NOT Wherehave-been-you;
If the questionhasn't gotan auxiliaryverb, you use do, doesor did.
00 you like travelling? NOT Like jlOU travelJiflg?
Does Martinenjoyhiswork? NOT Eniovs Martinhis-work?
Didtheyring you lastnight? NOT Rang-you-theylast-night?
You don' t need to use do, doesor didif there'salreadyanauxi liaryor modal
verb in thequest ion.
Have you been to Singapore? NOT -f)e--you--!tave-eeen-;-;-;
Can yousee Mike? NOT Do can see Mike?
You use th e base form of theverb (not theinfinitive) afterdo, does, or did
in a question.
00you comehereoften? NOT Do-veto eomehereoften?
D:d
I
Lf I DidHelen enjoytheplay? NOT ' . een to enjoythe
Diff---He ten-en! pIa-y-1
NOT I n enjoyedthe PdJy? I
When aquest ion word, e.g. who, what, where, why, how, etc. is t hesubject
ofaquest ion, you putit beforethe verb.You don'tuse do, doesor did.
Whosaidthat? NOT II'/ho didsaythaP
Whathappenedlastnight? NOT WhatriirlhAnnnR lil.'it ninht7
When aquest ion word, e.g. who, what, where, why, how, etc. is th eobject
ofa quest ion, you use normal questionwordorderwith do, doesor did.
Where do you live? Whatcar doeshe drive? Whydidyou go?
The correctsentence is f.
a Do you l ike red wine?
b Whathappened?
c Whenwi ll you be back?
dIsJohnwatchingTV?
oWho didyou see?
f correct
9 Can youtell methetime?
h Did shego toMexico?
I Howmuch doesthiscost?
I Why isn'tDan here?
2 n Where are you going?
b Who brokethewindow?
c Who didyou meet?
d Do you speak Greek?
oWheredidyou go?
f Are you comi ng?
-+c
-+F
-+A
-+8
-+C
-+F
-+0
-+ E
-+ C
-+ A
-+ ;,
-+ F
-+C
-+ A
-+ E
-+B
c
Test it
Choosethebest option.
a You can't use spreadsheets,can you/can'tyou?
b I'm right again,aren'tl/arnn't I?
They haven'tgotacar, haven'tt hey/havethey?
d It' s verycold today, isn'tit/isit?
e He forgotto postthe letter, hasn't he/didn't he?
f Sarah won'tcome,will Sarah/will she?
g The weatherwas terrible, wasn' t it/wasit?
h John's gotbrown eyes, has he/hasn'the?
Ilooksillyin thisj umper, aren'tI/don'tI?
You'd like to wat ch t he fi lm,wouldn'tyou/wouldyou?
f)Choosethe bestoption,A or B.
a I'm notstupid, ?
A am I B aren't I
b Theylivein Japan, ?
A l ivethey B don't they
c We can go by car, ....,.....?
A can'twe B can we
d She eats meat, ?
A isn't she B doesn'tshe
e Wecan't leave yet, ?
A canwe B can't we
f You won'ttell anyone, ?
A wi ll you B are you
g They'llcorne to the par ty, ?
A won't they B can' t they
h Youcan't cornet omorrow ?
A do you B canyou
I'mwrong, ?
A aren't I B arnn'tI
Beet hovenwas German, ..........?
A wasn't he B was he?
Questi on 11'1 ("
Test it again
Writethecorrect question tagf or each of thesestatements.
a You haven'teaten al lthe cake, , ?
b Cats can swi m, __ 7
1/
0
1
c Leo doesn'tknowMartin,
d I' m going to be late, ,
e Shirley won't mind, ..
f You boughtsome milk,
9 The meal last nightwas delicious,
h Johndidn'tread the emai l.".
It's goingto rain, .. .. .. .. . .. .. . .... .. ... .
She's gotthe keys,
__ ?
7
7
...7
?
__ 7
7
?
eWritethecorrectquestiontagsin thedialogue.
Nick: You wentto the match yesterday, " __ ". 7
Jim: No, Imissed it. But they'resho wing it on Channel 5 ton i gh t,
................................., 7
Nick: Yes. Youcouldn't record it fo r me, c .. .... 7
Ji m: Yes, sure. Oh tha t's riqh t l You've go t to work ton ight ,
d , , , ?
Nick: Unfortunately,yes.I'ma bit stupi d reall y,c ".",,, , ..
Ji m: No . Why? Youdidn't voluntee r to work t onigh t, ,,, ,,,, .
Nick: Yes, Idid. Theboss needed someext ra hel p.
Jim: Oh dear.Sarah'sgoing to be fu rious,
Nick: Why ? I haven't fo rgotte n somethi ng, 11 " .
Jim: Well , it' syour anni versa ry today,i "." " " .. 7
Oh no, Nick!You haven't bough t her apresent,i .

oFix it notes
A
Use a negati ve qu est i on tag if the
stat ementis positive.
B
Use a posit ivequestion t ag i f t he
statementis negat i ve.
C
Makequestion tagswithaux i lia ry verb
+ pr onoun or be+ pronoun, depending
on what' s used in thest ate ment .
o
If th er e isn't an auxi lia ry verb or be in
thest atement, usethecorrect form of
do in the quest io n tag.
E
Th e negat iv equ est i on tag for Iam/ I' m
i s aren't I ?
For more information , see t he
Review page opposi te.
, J>
Question tags
oReview
Ouestion tags
Question tagsare extremely common in spoken Engl ish. They'reused for two
reasons: one is to ask a rea lquestionwhen you'renot sure whatt he answeris;
the otheris to ask forsomeone'sagreement or to checkthattheythinkthe
sameas you do.
Jane'sa vegetarian, isn'tshe?(Real quest ion. I'mnot 100% sure of theanswer.)
It's reallycoldtoday, isn't it?(I expectyou to agree with me.)
Thereare threeways of making questiontags.
1 Auxi li ary verb, e.g. can, have, will,etc..+ pronoun
Youcan drive, can't you? NOT vee-een-arive,don't-Ytttff.
(Can in th estatementand in thequestiontaq .)
2 Th everb be+ pronoun
He'sFrench, isn't he? NOT /Ie'sFrench,
(Bein thestatementand i n t hequest iontag.)
3 A for m of do + pronoun
Cathyeatsfish, doesn't she? NOT Ctlthy elltsfish,
(Ordinaryverbin thestatement, do in the question tag.)
You lise apronoun in aquestion tag, notsomeone's name.
Jill'scoming tonight isn'tshe? NOT
You use a negativequestion tag if thestatementis posi tive.
I'msilly,aren'tI? You've gota car, haven't you?
Theycan do i t, can't they? She'llcome, won 't she?
He likes fish, doesn't-he?
Note: The negat ive questiontag for Iam is aren'tf? ( NOT-afftft!t-P. ).
I'mcomi ng with you, aren't I? I'ma bit sillysometimes, aren't I?
You usea positivequestiontag if thestatement is negative.
Iwasn't listening, wasI? Itcan'tpossiblywork, can it ?
We haven'tgotany milk, have we? You won'ttellher, willyou?
They didn't ring, didthey?
Test it
o Choose t he best op tion, A or B.
a Do you driveaCit roen?
A Yes,Idon't. B No,Idon't.
b Have you f inishedthe report?
A No,Ihaven't. B No,Ididn't.
c IsKaty goingout tonight?
A No, Katy isn't. B No,she isn't.
d No one li stensto aword Isay.
A No, theydo! BYes,theydo!
e Do you live in acity?
A Yes, Ilive in aci ty. BYes, Ido.
Who's coming to dinner?
A Guyand Ann are comingto dinner.
g IsNeil taki ng hi sdrivingtest next week?
A Yes,heis. BYes,he's.
h Which horsewonthe race?
B Guy and Ann are.
A The white horse did. B The whi te horse won the race .
IsEli zabeth ateacher?
A Yes, Elizabeth i sateacher. BYes,she is.
Everyone laughsatJonathan.
A No, they don't. B No,they do.
9 Choose t he best option .
a Whowants morecoffee?
b Are you going to the offi ce?
c Can you help me?
d Does Isabel le live in Brussel s?
e Who broket hewindow?
f Hasn'tthi scomputergot speakers?
9 No one l ikes me!
h Will it be warm in t heCanaries?
IsJean-Luc Swiss?
Are you happy?
Pat rick do es/Patrick wa nts .
No ,I' m not/l don't.
Yes,Iarn/l can.
No,she doesn't/she i sn't.
We did/Webroke.
No, it hasn't/ithas.
Yes,theydo/theylike.
Yes,it will/itis.
No, he isn't/Jean-Luc isn' t.
Yes,Iam/l'm.
Test it again
o Match the questi ons t o t he answers .
a Do you li ketea,Sarah?
b Wo uld yo u marrySi mon?
c Who' s on t he phone?
d Haven't you been to Indi a?
e Will Karl come forl unch?
f Canyou swim?
9 Do yousell st amps?
h Did you see t hefil m last night?
Who said that?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Did theyvisit Sr i Lanka? 10
Short answer-
No, t hey didn't.
Yes,Ican.
Yes,Idi d.
No, Ido n' t.
She did.
Yes, w edo.
Nick is.
Yes,hewill.
No, Ihaven't.
No, Iwouldn't.
9 Find and co rrect the mist akes in t he s hort answers.
a Whatare those?

b Who's at t hedoor?
-.
c Haven'tyou done it yet?
...
d
Is It qol nq tos....
e
DovoulikeIt?-.
f
No one believes her.
9
h Who told yo u that?
Wi ll you alwayslove me?
Do Ineed a passport?
...
1
10
]

Fix it notes
A
Usethe same auxil iaryin ashort
answer astheauxiliary in the quest ion .
Don 't con t ract theauxiliaryin a positive
shortanswer.
B
Use asuitabl epronoun in short
answer s.Don'trepeat the nounfrom
t hequesti on.
C
Don 't repeat all the words in a questi on
when you give an answer unlessthere's
averygood reason to.
D
If t he subject of aquesti on is aquestion
wor d,e.g. which, who,etc, use sub j ect
+ auxilia ry in t heshort answer.
E
Ift heshor t answer starts with Yes, use
a posit i ve auxiliary or form of do.If t he
sho rt answerst arts w it h No,use a
negative auxi lia ry or fo rm of do.
F
Ifthe sho rt answe rcomes aft er a
stateme nt wit hout an auxi liary verb,
use thecorrect form of do (not t he
ma in verb in the statement) i n the short
answer.
For more i nformat ion,see the
Revi ew page oppos ite.
, ,[:>
Short answers
o Review
Short answers
It' s nat ura lto use shortanswersto replyto questions. A shortanswerto a yes/no
quest ion can sound more pol iteor stronger t hanjust'Yes' or 'No' .
You use the same auxiliary in ashort answer as the auxiliary in the question .
'Have you gota pen?''Yes, Ihave.' ' Will he go?' 'Yes,he will. '
' Would i t matter?' 'No, it wouldn't. ' 'Can you helpme?' 'No, Ican 't.'
Note:You don'tcontractauxi liariesin positiveshortanswers.
Yes,Iam. NOT Yes, you have. NOT Yes. vou\'e.
Yes, theywill. NOT es,tJtey!.H:
You use asuitable pronoun in shortanswers.You don'trepeat the noun.
'Are you coming?' 'No, I'm not. '
'Is PeterIrish?' 'Yes, he is. ' NOT 'Yes.Peteris. '
You don'tusuallyrepeatall thewordsin aquestion when you givean answer
unlessthere'saverygood reason t o.
' Who'splayingin thematch?''Oscar andFredare'.
NOT -Oeeer-endFred-ereplaying-irHl1e match.'
You can repeat all thewordsin the question if you wanttogiveyouranswer
extra strength. This is common when you'redisagreeingwith someone.
'You didn'ttellthe truth, didyou?'' Yes, Ididtellthe truth!'
If t hesubjectof aquestion i saquestionword,e.g. who, which,you use subject
+ auxiliaryforthe shortanswer.
' Who saidthat?' 'Idid.' 'Whichsuitsmebest ?' Thered one does.'
If t heshortanswerstartswith Yes,youuse apositiveauxiliary or form ofdo.
If theshortanswerstartswith No,you use anegativeauxiliaryor form ofdo.
Yes, I can. Yes, we have. Yes, they do .
No, you won't. No, theycan't. No,theydon't.
You can also use ashortanswert o agreeordisagreewi th whatsomeonesays.
You use the sameauxiliaryin the shortanswer asin thestatement.
'Lisa'smarriedto Jake.''No, she isn't.'
If there isn'tan auxi liaryin the statement, usethe correctform of do. Don't use
the main verbfrom the statement in the short answor.
'TjOOlS ti vein Ar,ie".''No, theydon't!' NOl 'No, ,haydan't l i ve!'
Articles
There are two kindsof article: definiteand indefi nite.Articlesgo beforea nounor
an adjective+ noun.
The isa definitearticle.
The houseis in Sheep St reet. The black dogis mine.
A and an are indefiniteart icles.
That's acamel. Do you wantan orange? I'mreading agoodbook.
(See pages9, 13and 17.)
Adjectives
Adjectivest ell yo u more aboutnouns. Adjectivescan go before anoun or after
the verb be.
Nickisa man. -+ Ni ck is an intelligentman.
Nickis intelligent.
Thereare also comparativeadjectives,e.g. bigger. easier; moreinteresting, and
superlative adjectives, e.g. biggest, easiestand the mostinteresting.
(See pages 21, 25 and 33.)
Adverbs
Adverbstell you moreaboutverbs.Theycan describe the followingt hings:
howoften something happens(adverbsof frequency). e.g. never; rarely, occasional/y,
sometimes, often, usual/y, always, still, etc.
how certain somet hing is (adverbsofcertainty), e.g. possibly, certainly, definitely, etc.
howyo u do an action (adverbs of manner), e.g. carefully, slowly, fast, etc.
when something happens(adverbsoftime>. e.g. yesterday, today, tomorrow, etc.
wheresomething happens(adverbs ofplace). e.g. here, there, etc.
(See pages21, 29 and 37.l
~ ~ --- , ....~ ~ ..._...--- .
Nouns
Nouns are wordsyou use to talk aboutpeople, animals,th ings, placesand i deas.
Patrickis mybrother. I'vegota dog. What's thatboxfor?
We livein a village. Everybodyneedslove.
Nounscan be the subjector objectofasentence.
My dogbitthe post man.(The subject, mydog, is anoun.Theobject, the postman,is
also a noun.)
Nounsare ei thercountable, e.g. apple, bouse,etc., or uncountable, e.g.advice.
information, bread, otc. Mostcommon nounsarecountable.You needto learn the
uncountableonos.Manyuncountablenounsin Engli sh arc countable in othor
InnUUtlCl13l1,so hn caralull
Useful grammartur In
Pronouns
Pronouns rep lace nouns.
Subjectpronounsare: I, you, he, she, it, we, they.
Hel en is apatientperson. -+ She'sapatientperson.
Obj ect pronou ns are: me, you, him, her, it, us, you th em.
Chil dren like bananas. -+ Childreniikethem.
Possessive pronounsare:my, your. his, her, its, our, their.
That's Lisse's house. -+ That'sherhouse.
(Seepage65. )
._ -.-.-----_. --_ _-_._ -- -- _ . y ~
Quantifiers
Quantifiersare wordsthattell you aboutamounts.These are the mostcommon
quantifiers: a, an, some, any, a lot, a bit, a few.
Ilikeyou a lot. There isn't anymilk. Howmuchcash haveyougot?
(See page 53.)
Prepositions
Thereare prepositionsand expressionsof place, timeand movement.
Theydo t hreethings:
in, on,at, behind, under, on topof, at the bottomof, et c.tell you wheresomuthlnu I
The eat 'sbehind the sofa. The office is at the end of the street.
in, on, at,tomorrow, lastweek, etc.tell youwhen something happens.
Mybirthday'sin June. We'resailing to France tomorrow.
over, across, through, etc.tell you howsomething moves and whore it rnovoa to,
Tony ran acrossthe road. We droveoverthe bridge.
(See pages69 and73. )
Question words
The most commonquestionwords are: who, what, which, wtiere. when, wl1y, how,
whose.You can use question wordsto ask aboutpeople, thi ngs,places,t lme. runsou
and possessions.
Who'sthat? Whatcolouris the sky? Wllere have you been?
Whenare theyleaving? Whyare you laughing? Howdid110 rio thnt ?
Whose bookis this?
A question word can bo tho subjectorobjectofasentence,
'Whosawyoui"'Mikesnwmo .'(Wlloi stho subloct. )
'Whodid yOIlS J ~ ? 'I:mw Dnvkt.'(WhoIII th e obl ect .)
II ,RI 11111 1 Hb)